>Charles XIV John (Swedish: Karl XIV Johan; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty. In Norway, he is known as Charles III John (Norwegian: Karl III Johan); before he became royalty in Sweden, his name was Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte. During the Napoleonic Wars, he participated in several battles as a Marshal of France>Born in Pau in the region of southern France known as Béarn, Bernadotte joined the French Royal Army in 1780. Following the outbreak of the French Revolution, he demonstrated great military talent, rising rapidly through the ranks and becoming a brigadier general by 1794. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly Minister of War. His relationship with Napoleon was turbulent; nevertheless, Napoleon named him a Marshal of the Empire on the proclamation of the French Empire. Bernadotte played a significant role in the French victory at Austerlitz, and was made Prince of Pontecorvo as a reward. His marriage to Désirée Clary, whose sister was married to Joseph Bonaparte, made Bernadotte a member of the extended Imperial family>The current king of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, is a direct descendant of Charles XIV John>Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden since 15 September 1973. Having reigned for 52 years, he is the longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history and the second longest-serving current head of state
This kills the Nordicist.>Arthur de Gobineau, Count de Gobineau (French: [ɡɔbino]; Joseph Arthur de Gobineau; 14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French writer and diplomat who is best known for helping introduce scientific race theory and "racial demography", and for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and Nordicism. He was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848, wrote An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races. In it he argued that aristocrats were superior to commoners and that aristocrats possessed more Aryan genetic traits because of less interbreeding with inferior races>Many authors, including Arthur de Gobineau, Jules Michelet, and Hippolyte Taine, conceptualized Southerners as a distinct racial group. Gobineau viewed populations south of the Seine as in a state of decline, comprising only vestiges of the Germanic race. Michelet characterized them as a heterogeneous, troubled, anxious, and turbulent population. On the other hand, Taine depicted them as sensual, quick-tempered, rough, and lacking in intellectual and moral fortitude>From the perspective of some nationalists, Southerners were perceived as anti-French and as being at odds with the nation's interests. This was attributed to their belonging to a different racial group, or more specifically, to their having been influenced by foreign ideas and blood. It is alleged that the South was home to the largest concentrations of Protestants and, in particular, Jews. The concept of Jewish influence in the South can be traced back to Arthur de Gobineau's 1852 essay, L'Essai sur l'inégalité des races. However, the explicit association of Southerners with Jews emerged during the rise of the Third Republic and the subsequent fear of democracy
>For Provençal Charles Maurras, the Southern population remained healthy in its internal exile, and its missteps were due only to Jewish, Protestant, or Albigensian oppression. However, Maurras was virtually alone in promoting this view>Similarly, Southerners, who may have exhibited physical characteristics analogous to those of Jews, were purported to be readily identifiable by a distinctive accent, mannerisms, and even the odor of garlic they exuded. The language itself was regarded as superficial. Some scientists lent support to the notion of racial distinctions. In 1911, in the journal L'Opinion, Dr. Répin from the Pasteur Institute posited that the observed opposition between the temperaments of dolichocephalic races (Northern men, such as the Anglo-Saxons or the Franks) and those of brachycephalic races (Southern men, such as the Latins and Celts) was due to brain size. It was postulated that Southern brains were smaller and therefore less inclined to reflection. However, the frequency of neural connections was held to explain their talkativeness and ease of speech>In volume II of La France juive (1886), Édouard Drumont asserted that Léon Gambetta sought to establish a Jewish Republic in France. In a similar vein, Gaston Méry, an admirer of Drumont, posited that the Southerners and the Jews were like brothers and that they were interdependent. "The first requires the second's financial resources to secure electoral victory, while the second can more effectively consolidate its position if it can advance while concealed by the first." Consequently, Méry postulated the existence of two distinct threats: the Latin peril and the Jewish peril. However, he was distinctive in his assertion that the Germans had constituted the nobility vanquished by the Revolution, that the Latins constituted the majority of the bourgeoisie that needed to be subdued, and that the Celts, with their purported pure bloodline, constituted the people who must rise
>As posited by literary historian Sarah Al-Matary , the Boulangist experience inaugurates novelistic aesthetic perspectives that assume the form of "racial" literature, politicized and occasionally in dialogue with "scholarly production" that, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, purported to discern an autocratic proclivity among Latin peoples, manifesting in forms such as absolute monarchy, the Terror, and Caesarism. Some idealized the "Latin race" as a model of civilization, while those on the opposite end of the political spectrum exhibited sentiments of disgust or hatred>Civic nationalism, otherwise known as democratic nationalism, is a form of nationalism that adheres to traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights, and is not based on ethnocentrism. Civic nationalists often defend the value of national identity by saying that individuals need it as a partial shared aspect of their identity (an upper identity) in order to lead meaningful, autonomous lives, and that democratic polities need a national identity to function properly. Liberal nationalism is used in the same sense as "civic nationalism", but liberal ethnonationalism also exists, and "state nationalism" is a branch of civic nationalism, but it can also be illiberal>Modern civic nationalism originated in France because its republican ideals of French Revolution defined nationality by allegiance to the state and its laws rather than by race or ethnicity. By abolishing slavery, supports the Haitian Revolution and granting political rights to diverse populations, it laid a universal framework of political equality. This mirrors the Edict of Caracalla in 212 in Roman Empire. That ancient decree similarly transformed a multi-ethnic empire into a shared political community. Both cases demonstrate the transition from ethnic identity to legal, universal citizenship
>Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830) was a Venezuelan military officer and statesman who led what are currently the countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America>While living in Madrid from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to Enlightenment philosophy of French Revolution and married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa, who died in Venezuela from yellow fever in 1803>In Haiti, Bolívar met and befriended Haitian revolutionary leader Alexandre Pétion. After promising to abolish slavery in Spanish America, Bolívar received military support from Pétion and returned to Venezuela>The famous tricolor flag (yellow, blue, and red) was created by the pioneer Francisco de Miranda and first hoisted in March 1806 in Haiti, a country whose colors (blue and red) originally symbolized the union between blacks and mulattoes. These same shades were officially adopted by Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, countries that were part of the Gran Colombia project, assuming a tricolor symbolism that represented the populations of Hispanic origin (yellow), the indigenous (majority of hispanic america population in that time) or mulattoes (blue), and the blacks (red)
To make them even more angry: It was the French who made the South Americans We Wuzzing Meds.>Latin America is a geographical region where Spanish or Portuguese is the national language with a common culture, and tradition. As a whole, it can be traced back to the 1830s, in the writing of the French Saint-Simonian Michel Chevalier, who postulated that a part of the Americas was inhabited by people of a "Latin race", and that it could, therefore, ally itself with "Latin Europe", ultimately overlapping the Latin Church, in a struggle with "Teutonic Europe" and "Anglo-Saxon America" with its Anglo-Saxonism, as well as "Slavic Europe" with its Pan-Slavism>The term Latin America was first introduced in 1856 at a conference named Initiative of the Americas: Idea for a Federal Congress of the Republics (Iniciativa de la América. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas), at Paris. Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao coined the term to refer to countries sharing cultural and linguistic heritage. It gained further prominence during the 1860s under the rule of Napoleon III, whose government sought to justify France's intervention in the Second Mexican Empire>The term "Latin America" was used by the French Empire under Napoleon III during its invasion of Mexico (1863-1867) as a way to include France among the countries with influence in the Americas and exclude the Anglo-Saxons
Haha yea sometimes
who are you fighting with niggaNobody cares about your slop
Do not take pride in him. Bernadotte was Napoleon's worst marshall. He was just a nepo that happened to become marshall because he banged Napoleon's ex. He commited several blunders during battle and was known for his excessive pride despite average capabilities. He often took unwelcome initiatives then tried to take credit for sucess.He ended up king of Sweden because they thought he was a nice guy and for some political reasons, but it was mostly luck.
>>18520191>Bernadotte was Napoleon's worst marshall*blocks your path*While Bernadotte continued to be King of Scandinavia after Napoleon's betrayal/defeat, Marmont was stripped of his post as marshall during the Revolution of 1830, lost his privileges and was forced to live the rest of his life in exile, dying in Venice and today he is remembered only as the worst militar traitor which achieved nothing in the long term and propensity compared to what it had during Napoleonic times with the European Restoration. He went from Governor-General of Dalmatia, of all the Illyrian Provinces, and Duke of Ragusa to just a Peer of France, Commander in Paris of the Restored Bourbons and exiled political traitorous. It would have been better to have died at the peak of his career than to live in decadence.None of them were a Marshall Louis-Nicolas Davout of their time, but only one is remembered for more than a failed traitor whose actions had no continuous impact that perpetuate to this day. The numerical superiority, the extreme exhaustion of France, and the depletion of imperial resources already made the Sixth Coalition victory inevitable without Marmont.
vikangz used to lose to anglos and gaels anyway
>>18518894Southern Frenchman is selling it short. The people from his province are only French in name, they are racially Iberian.
What happened to /his/? This board used to have loads of threads like this, retards arguing about how their preferred european ethnic group is better. Lots of threads about some small conflicts involving petty kingdoms and groups like celts, germanics, anglo-saxons, vikings, etc. It used to be pretty fun. Now the catalogue is spammed with religious thread and outright political threads with little to do history like ones arguing whether communism is a good idea.
>>18518894Wait until you hear about how the Russian empire was ruled by Germans.
>>18521536I already know, but what few people know is that they were the ones who send Lenin to Russia.>The Russian Revolution was organized by the Prussian Army Corps by direct order of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, with most of the equipment and financial support coming from German banks, again by direct order of the German Kaiser and the Prussians who put Lenin in on a train like a Trojan horse to Russia. This was not the first time that the Prussians had done this, the Paris Commune was created by proto-communist partisans trained once again by the Prussian Army, in Prussian territory, who launched it on Paris after having surrounded the city, after the capitulation of the French Army>The Swiss socialist, Robert Grimm, who Lenin had described as a "detestable centrist", offered to negotiate with the German government in order to obtain a safe passage to Russia. He pointed out that Germany had been spending a great deal of money in producing revolutionary anti-war propaganda in Russia since 1915, in the hope of engineering a withdrawal from the war. This would enable German troops on the Eastern Front to be diverted to the western campaign against Britain and France. Grimm began talks with Count Gisbert von Romberg, the German ambassador in Berne>Alexander Parvus also arrived in Switzerland. The former German Social Democrat who had originally helped to fund Iskra, the Russian revolutionary newspaper, had now gone over to the German government, operating as an arms contractor and recruiter for the war effort. He had been heavily involved in the German propaganda drive among tsarist troops to destabilize Nicholas II. Parvus made contact with Richard von Kühlmann, a minister at the German Foreign Office
>>18521572>Hoffmann claims that Reichstag deputy Mathias Erzberger became involved in the negotiations. "And thus it came about that Lenin was conveyed through Germany to Petrograd in the manner that afterwards transpired. In the same way as I send shells into the enemy trenches, as I discharge poison gas at him, I, as an enemy, have the right to employ the expedient of propaganda against his garrisons.">Paul Levi, a close associate of Rosa Luxemburg, and a member of the German anti-war Spartacus League, handled the Berne-Zurich end of negotiations, with Karl Radek. Levi was contacted by the German Ambassador in Switzerland and asked: "How can I get in touch with Lenin? I expect final instructions any moment regarding his transportation". Lenin now negotiated the deal with the ambassador that would allow him to travel through Germany>Once the three of the carriage's four doors at the Russian end were closed shut, Fritz Platten, a Swiss socialist marked them with chalk in German as "sealed". The train was given a high traffic priority by the Germans. Crown Prince Wilhelm, the eldest son of Kaiser Wilhelm II, was delayed for two hours to let Lenin's train to pass>Russian resistance had fallen apart by the time the Bolsheviks slipped in through the North. Lenin's revolution, however, was heavily funded by the Kaiser as a 'finishing move' against the remaining Tsarist forces. Unfortunately for the Central Powers, Russia was not the main problem, the Western powers' receipt of US troop support was. Ludendorff's resignation and the mutiny of the German Navy sealed it
>>18521574>In April 1917 Lenin and a party of 32 Russian revolutionaries, mostly Bolsheviks, journeyed by train from Switzerland across Germany through Sweden to Petrograd, Russia. They were on their way to join Leon Trotsky to "complete the revolution." Their trans-Germany transit was approved, facilitated, and financed by the German General Staff. Lenin's transit to Russia was part of a plan approved by the German Supreme Command, apparently not immediately known to the kaiser, to aid in the disintegration of the Russian army and so eliminate Russia from World War I. The possibility that the Bolsheviks might be turned against Germany and Europe did not occur to the German General Staff. Major General Hoffman has written, "We neither knew nor foresaw the danger to humanity from the consequences of this journey of the Bolsheviks to Russia.">Russian resistance had fallen apart by the time the Bolsheviks slipped in through the North. Lenin's revolution, however, was heavily funded by the Kaiser as a 'finishing move' against the remaining Tsarist forces. Unfortunately for the Central Powers, Russia was not the main problem, the Western powers' receipt of US troop support was. Ludendorff's resignation and the mutiny of the German Navy sealed it. But by sending the most influential communists to start their international socialism movement in Russia, and paying them, Germany prevented its own socialists from forming a core leadership group receiving guidance from Lenin, whose presence in Switzerland before he was inserted in Russia was suspected to be in preparation for a German Socialist rebellion, which the Kaiser feared more than military defeat. He was apparently right, considering what happened to his cousin the Tsar>Vladimir Lenin championed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, a harsh peace agreement signed on March 3, 1918, that formally withdrew Soviet Russia from World War I and gave much of its Eastern territory to Germany
>>18521418I admit, Bernadotte is the second worst, losing only to Marmont
>>18521442Third worlders have more internet access nowadays
The Traitor
>>18518894>picThat's not Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, but his brother, Jean Évangéliste Bernadotte. They are easy to confuse because they have similar names and appearances.https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Évangéliste_Bernadotte
>>18521442It's brown latinx larping as med/Roman because they're rootless rapebaby poor people from shitholes
>>18518894We know. Your point?
>>18524351It was the French (whose Occitans/Southerners are genetically close to the Spanish and Northern Italians, that is, the Republic Age Romans) who made them start doing that ( >>18518990 >>18518934 ), you retard. The reason for this is that most of Latin America, with the exception of the Caribbean and Brazil, was Amerindian until Independence since the caste system was abolished and indigenous people could have the same rights as the middle classes of mestizos and criollos. It was your Roman/Med republican cosmopolitanism/civic nationalism that created most of the race-mixing in Latin America.>In his famous Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, Alexander von Humboldt estimated that in 1808 the number of Indians exceeded 2,500,000. That of the Whites or "Spaniards” probably amounted to 1,200,000 —of whom only 70-80,000 were born in Europe — Blacks numbered around 16,000. And the castas, derived from the “mixed-races”, comprised 2,400,000. That is, at the end of the colonial period, the Indians constituted the majority of the population with 41%, followed by the “Castas” with 39%, Whites with 20% and Blacks with just 0.26%>To further investigate this hypothesis we use TRACTS (56) to estimate the major admixture events between European, African, and Native American ancestries to occur between -AD 1836 and 1866 (Fig. 3B and SI Appendix. Fig. 59). This suggests that the majority of admixture between the Spanish and Native Americans did not occur until -300 y after Spain conquered Peru, which is consistent with what others have found for South America (4)Mestizos are not descended from Conquistadores/Peninsulares, or even Mexicas/Aztecs or Panakas/Incas, but from Criollos and other Nahuan and Quechuan Amerindian peoples whom these empires dominated.
>>18524698Historically speaking, Germanics, which originated in southern Scandinavia, were the dominant Western European class in non-Germanic countries who shaped its medieval/early modern policy foundation and structuring up until the French Revolution (whose first major enemies were not England, but Austria and Prussia since Marie Antoinette was one of them), beginning with the Holy Roman Empire in Northern Italy (the Ostrogoths don't count as they were subordinate to the Eastern Roman Empire since they gave recognition to Theodoric the Great to overthrow Odoacer and the Gothic Wars were won by Byzantine), France (Franks, the founding dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire through the Carolingians who, in order to dethrone the Merovingians and, for the Catholic Church, to cease being subservient to Byzantine Emperor recognition, protect itself from the Lombards and have its own papal lands, formed an alliance of mutual support with Carolingians until the Catholic Church subdued them in the Gregorian Reform and Investiture Controversy) and Spain/Portugal (Visigothic resisters in Asturias and cadet branches of the Frankish dynasties and Habsburgs). Republican regimes, in founding new nations, replaced the Germanic-based policy like Absolutism (who, ironically, did not begin in Germany, but rather in the centralizing kingdoms of Spain/Portugal, France, and Italy governed by Germanics. This is because the HRE, strange as it may seem, never had a de facto one absolutist centralized ruler...1/2
>>18525022The HRE was a patchwork monarchy, elective and decentralized, hyper-fragmented into duchies, counties, principalities, bishoprics, abbeys, and free imperial cities, where the Emperor depended on the support of prince-electors, bishops, and assemblies who divided absolutist power among themselves in their own domains), hereditary monarchy, hereditary aristocracy, feudalism, estate society, privileges of birth, tithes and privileges of the clergy, official state church, restrictions on religious freedom, feudal servitude, prior censorship, hereditary public offices, manorial jurisdictions, privileged guilds and craft corporations, tax exemptions for the nobility and political representation by estates, etc... (although its creation was most influenced by the Catholic Church and the rediscovery of the Greco-Romans, it was the Germanic rulers who implemented/controled it in non-Germanic lands) with their own policy based in their native pre-Germanic ancestors, especially those linked to the Romans, but without needing the Church.The discourse of Germanic superiority is not a modern invention of Gobineau, Henri de Boulainvilliers was already writing about it during the Ancien Régime And that was the reason why the most radical French revolutionaries wanted to change the name of France back to Gallia and the republican government persecuted non-standardized French and non-Latin languages such as Occitan, Breton, and Germanic.You create a theory about the supremacy of your people over another, but a member of that other group to become the dynasty founder governor of the epicenter of you people is like the current dynasty of Japan not being from the Japanese royal family, but from some random KMT Chinese general.2/2
>>18525032>>18525022Tread carefully, anon, you might get a ban for this lol
>>18525032The English royal family are Germans. They changed the name from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor in 1917 due to anti-German sentiment. There was also some king in Sweden before the Bernadotte dynasty who was part of some German dynasty.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Windsor
>>18525032>>You create a theory about the supremacy of your people over another, but a member of that other group to become the dynasty founder governor of the epicenter of you people is like the current dynasty of Japan not being from the Japanese royal family, but from some random KMT Chinese general.this was the only part you wrote yourself
>>18525032>The discourse of Germanic superiority is not a modern invention of Gobineau, Henri de Boulainvilliers was already writing about it during the Ancien Régime And that was the reason why the most radical French revolutionaries wanted to change the name of France back to Gallia and the republican government persecuted non-standardized French and non-Latin languages such as Occitan, Breton, and GermanicIt is because of this linguistic issue, after abolishing a policy based on foreign domination (the control that the Ashkenazim have today is more organized than theirs because they founded a centralized state more quickly after taking power compared to the time it took for the Germans to gain power versus becoming centralized; the Ashkenazim gained power in the 19th century and had a state in the 20th, while for the Germans it was the 4th and 19th centuries), that the French Revolution is considered the birth of Nationalism, even though their Nationalism was Civic (Universal/Cosmopolitan) and Nationalism comes from birth etymologically in Latin (nasci/nation), therefore, ethnicity.So there was a debate between French monarchists and republicans about whether French identity should be more based on the Franks or the Gallo-Romans, since the republicans won and the Romans were civnats, this happened.The funny thing is that the Prussian nobility, who unified Germany, were Francophone. French was the language of diplomacy, philosophy, and high culture. They despised the common German language, considering it rustic and barbarian. During the reign of Frederick II of Prussia, the court in Potsdam spoke almost exclusively French. The king even stated that he only used German to give orders to soldiers and servants, honhonhon. Only after the French Revolutionary invasion and growing anti-French sentiment did this perception begin to change, encouraging the Prussian nobility to adopt standard German as a symbol of national identity.
>>18525091>The funny thing is that the Prussian nobility, who unified Germany, were Francophone. French was the language of diplomacy, philosophy, and high culture. They despised the common German language, considering it rustic and barbarian. During the reign of Frederick II of Prussia, the court in Potsdam spoke almost exclusively French. The king even stated that he only used German to give orders to soldiers and servants, honhonhon. Only after the French Revolutionary invasion and growing anti-French sentiment did this perception begin to change, encouraging the Prussian nobility to adopt standard German as a symbol of national identity.Obviously this statement is self-contradicting and anachronistic on its own terms.
>>18520191>>18521418>>18522403Napoleon considered Mortier his worst marshal.>The three best of my generals were Davout, Soult and Bessières. Mortier was the most feeble.>When asked on St Helena who was his best general, Napoleon said: “That is difficult to say, but it seems to me that is may have been Suchet. Once it was Masséna…”
>>18521442if you want /int/ fuck off to /int/ >huehuehue these foreigners I vicariously identify with civilised u huehuehuehuehue
>>18525188The French were expelled from Haiti, Mexico and never colonized Brazil except in areas of Maranhão and Rio de Janeiro, from where they were also expelled by the Portuguese and Bandeirantes. The people of these places never identified as French, only adopting some of their republican politics (19th and early 20-century Latin America was plagued by civil wars between conservative and liberal caudillos) which put citizenship (defined by the state, universal because of Roman Law) above ethnic/social class. Even the Haitians, who were the people in America most influenced by the French, only allowed people who identified as Black like the Poles and some Germs (yes, this happened), to reside permanently and be buried in Haiti.>Under Article 14 of the 1805 Haitian Constitution, the term Noir (Black) became a political designation of solidarity rather than just a biological description. The constitution strictly prohibited white foreigners from owning land or holding property on Haitian soil. The constitution made specific exceptions for the Poles and Germans, legally naturalizing them and permitting them to settle, live, and be buried in HaitiPicrel are Germs in Haiti.
>>18525038Sweden of 18th century already had nobility from all over. The royal house of Sweden that preceded the Bernadottes were German Holstein-Gottorps like the Romanovs. Their last king was overthrown by conspiring nobles led by Carl Johan Adlercreutz, who descended from Southern Finnish peasants.
>>18525278The fuck does that have to do with my post?
