I am interested in the Neolithic period of Europe (Yamnaya and Corded Ware culture in particular)Which books can you recommend to me?Is there someone here who works in that field? What is your work like?
>>18625924I recommend you check your chronological sources, as neither Yamnaya nor CWC were Neolithic peoples. The Bronze Age begins in 3300 BC. But I would be happy to recommend some books to you, but what exactly caught your attention? Do you understand these cultures from an archaeological or genetic point of view? There are also several interesting articles on comparative mythology and Proto-Indo-European linguistics.
>>18625986ok i did not read properly: According to Wikipedia:Corded ware was Late Neolithic, through the Copper Age, and ending in the early Bronze AgeYamnaya was Copper AgeI don't mind getting books that look at the point of view of archaeological evidence and genetics. I am interested in the Proto-Indo-Europeans, the culture, mythology, and Proto-Indo-European language
>>18625996pre-CW phase 3000-2900 BC and yamnaya in Danube area around 3100BC. I will try to give you a very general idea of what we know today. Some essential articles for you to read today, from a genetics perspective, would be the 2025 paper by Lazaridis et al., "The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans."The relationship between the two cultures is of paramount importance; for some years now, many people have been convinced—though not necessarily by the strongest arguments,that CWC were not related to Yamnaya, but belonged to a related people who shared pre-Yamnaya ancestry with the Yamnaya. The reasoning hinges on the fact that the Yamnaya were R-Z2103, whereas the Corded Ware culture was not. But today we know that the Corded Ware culture was not exclusively R-M417. Ringbauer et al. (2023) demonstrated a genetic link between the Yamnaya and the Corded Ware culture, implying that the two groups were genealogically related. Studies by Linderholm et al. (2020) and Papac et al. (2021) revealed a significant presence of the R-L51 lineage within the Corded Ware culture. here is no R-M417 in Yamnaya, Afanasievo, or Beaker. Since Beaker was derived from Corded Ware, the fact that no R-M417 shows up in Beaker seems to be indicative that Beaker was formed from descendants of the earliest Corded Ware, same with yamnaya
>>18626127>Lazaridis et al., "The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans."Thanks, I will read the articleFrom what I read, Corded Ware Culture had R1a
>>18626127We could delve into the archaeological aspect, There are already several excellent authors—such as David W. Anthony, who linked steppe herders to the spread of languages in *The Horse, the Wheel, and Language* (and was fully vindicated regarding the Ukraine steppe homeland theory by genetics)—as well as J.P. Mallory and Kristian Kristiansen. The latter is particularly interesting because his work isn't tainted by the post-1960s Western libtard virus and attempts to integrate genetics with archaeology; we could discuss some of the various papers by these authors.but since you asked about myths, *Indo-European Poetry and Myth* by M. L. West is the best book to start. ndo-European poetics and formulas are very important. It is quite accessible even to someone who isn't a linguist, like me. *How to Kill a Dragon* by Calvert Watkins is incredible and available online as a PDF. Both books might be outdated in some respects, but they are good for understanding Proto-Indo-European myths.
>>18626143you're welcome, anon. Note that I didn't cite linguistics articles because that isn't exactly my field—I prefer archaeology but there are users here who are major experts in linguistics and can help you.
>>18626148Thanks anon
>>18626155the archaeology is advancing incredibly rapidly, David Anthony (GOAT of steppe archaeology) himself has admitted that the reason he never published a sequel to his seminal 2007 book on Yamnaya (that only dedicated 3 pages to Corded Ware!) is that the field evolves too rapidly.Good papers:Khvalynsk cemetery - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11699484/Dumezil's tripartite division of Indo-European civilization is visible on the steppe 6500 years ago - there are separate cemeteries for animal-sacrificing priests and young male warriorsHaak 2023 -The Corded Ware Complex in Europe in Light of Current Archaeogenetic and Environmental EvidenceCorded Ware overview, tells you everything.Joerg Orschiedt &Miriam Noel HaidleThe LBK Enclosure at Herxheim: Theatre of War or Ritual Centre? References from Osteoarchaeological InvestigationsThe pre-European Anatolian Neolithic Farmers were originally thought to be matriarchal, vegan, peaceful lomghoused farmers destroyed by crazy male Indo-European warbands.The Indo-Europeans were in fact berserk warriors, but the ANFs were evil ass cannibal torture culture that would bring victims from 1000s of kms away to eat their legs and use their skulls as drinking cups.There are many massacre pits from intra-ANF warfare, but only one from an Indo-European massacre of an ANF site, according to(2019) Unraveling ancestry, kinship, and violence in a Late Neolithic mass grave
>>18626201The dogs of war: A Bronze Age initiation ritual in the Russian steppesreally good one by Anthony on the mannerbunde
>>18626201>>18626208thanksits hard to know where to begin
>>18626214you just sort of slowly accumulate knowledge. It's a shame that no one has written a Neolithic history epic in the style of Gibbon or Norwich or Burckhardt, but the field is just way too young and rapidly evolving.
>>18626208>>18626201You lost
>>18626201>The pre-European Anatolian Neolithic Farmers were originally thought to be matriarchal, vegan, peaceful lomghoused farmers destroyed by crazy male Indo-European warbands.The OP is genuinely curious, so I don't think spreading misinformation is helpful. They weren't matriarchal or pacifist.
>>18626264Yes, that's why I made that post. Did you even read what I said? Sites like Herxheim, uncovered by Orschiedt & Haidle, Talheim, and Schletz-Asparn revealed that the LBK people were some of the dumbest, evil, bloodthirsty people to ever live. Certainly a lot more bloodthirsty than the Indo-Europeans that conquered them.That's the insane thing about these LBK people, they loved violence, they'd kidnap young women and massacre the men and elderly and children, they'd torture prisoners by breaking their shins before killing them, and they'd drag victims thousands of kilometers across Europe to kill them and roast their ribs and legs to eat. And yet they were conquered first by mesolithic hunter gatherers, then later by warbands of 21-year-old steppe horsemen carrying only stone axes, not even bronze, and just riding horses or carts.
>>18625924>Yamnaya >Corded Ware They did not called themselves like that. You should use h2ér-yo instead
Now the Cucuteni-Trypallians were probably slightly "matriarchal" and pacifist, but again, not in a pleasant or positive way. They were only matriarchal in the sense that out of all the statues they carved, almost all were of obese women standing wearing bird masks with huge vaginas and huge breasts, and the few male statues are of men sitting with their heads in their hands. There are no Cucuteni weapons, swords, maces, or spears. They never ever buried their dead, even with super-cities of tens of thousands of inhabitants. It seems like they just left corpses out in the forest for birds to eat them, connected to their bird goddess worship. Their diet was also 80% grain and millet, and when the Indo-Europeans came, they literally disappeared without a trace, their 10,000 resident cities were emptied instantly.
>>18625924Whenever I look at these maps I can’t help but wonder what it was like to live in these old empires
>>18626282It's interesting that Ireland and Germany (Irmin) both ended up with names that sound descended from arya, but aren't.Ireland <- Eire <- *fiwerjon <- *piHwer meaning "fertile" in PIEEven though Proto-Celtic had "aire" from arya.German <- Irmin <- *ermunaz <- *her-mn meaning "world" in PIE
>>18626282i know they did not call themselves like that. That's the name archaeologists gave those cultures
>>18626226Thanks for the advice
Hi again OP. There are other topics that I think might be relevant to discuss. These threads are interesting because people are always sharing something new, and I hope this information is useful to someone. I will focus a little more on archaeology, which I am more interested in. We have some evidence of skeletal preservation in the Yamnaya variant of Bulgaria through the continuous use of CaCO3 coating and/or the additional painting of certain skeletal elements with hematite. This practice may have had a purpose related to the preservation of ancestral memoryhttps://publications.naim.bg/index.php/stprae/article/view/554/443The use of red ochre among the Yamnaya elites is also well known. the Corded Ware, curiously, used yellow ochre instead.
>>18626313White supremacy btfo
>>18626337"arya" is just an endonym, or sometimes a word for "our nobles" that Indo-Europeans began to use whenever they began consistent contact with other cultures.It's not any commentary on the actual nobility of Proto-Celtics or Proto-Germanics that they stopped using "arya" (although Proto-Celtic does have a word for arya, "aire", but that's not where Ireland comes from).Proto-Germanics were just as noble a people as Indo-Iranians. In fact, the people who used arya the most, the Mittani and Vedic Indo-Aryans, were directly descended from the Corded Ware Culture of Northern Europe. So Proto-Germanics were in a sense the uncles of the Aryans, they just used different endonyms.
>>18626335pretty interesting
>>18626335As the user above said, archaeology is advancing, and the timidity of researchers who need to follow a specific set of guidelines is decreasing more and more. Proto-Indo-Europeans should no longer be portrayed solely as primitive nomadic herders, some evidence shows signs of pre-political development, perhaps similar to the structures of the Scythians, Sarmatians, or Turks. There are some linguistic articles that attempt to reconstruct some aspects of PIE society this would also be very useful.This recent article (2026) in Russian is very interesting. I will post some parts of the article.>Their locations are similar and correspond to the basins of two large rivers, the Ural and Samara, and their tributaries (Fig. 1). This location is likely due to the location of summer pastures with a rich forage base in the wide floodplains of these rivers and on the nearest watersheds, as well as the seasonal movements of herders. In almost all burial grounds, large burial mounds are located next to a group of other smaller burial complexes of the Yamnaya culture. Isolated burial mounds, as a rule, form a single ensemble with nearby burial mound cemeteries. The location of the leader's mounds in areas economically advantageous for livestock breeding is not accidental. Such monumental structures were important from a religious point of view as places of ancestor worship and ritual ceremonies. On the other hand, the burial mounds, especially the large ones, probably marked the economic zones of the grazing lands of the Yamnaya culture population and served as landmarks in the steppe during migrations
>>18626348It was an ethnonym tho
>>18626353can you post a link?
>>18626353What interests me most is how these kurgans also served as territorial markers, and there are some articles I've read that suggest some were built in opposition to agricultural settlements.>Furthermore, there is an objective pattern: the wider and deeper the ring ditch is dug into the subsoil, the higher the mound. The configuration of the ditch itself is related to the size of the embankment. In large mounds, the ditch was created by uniformly digging a ring up to 15 meters wide and up to 5 meters deep. Along with the mound's obvious utilitarian function, the ditch also served a ritual function. Ceramics, animal bones, and stone pestles discovered in the ditch fillings indicate the performance of cults during or after the mound's construction. This further indicates that the ditch is an integral part of the mound's architecture and the sacred space of the necropolis created by the Yamnaya culture population [Faizullin, 2024]
>>18626357https://uavestnik.ru/en/arxiv-nomerov/2026/volume-26,-no.-2/rubrika-2/the-phenomenon-of-big-burial-mounds-of-the-yamnaya-culture-in-the-volga-ural-interfluve-region.htmlIn Russian tho.
>>18626313>German <- Irmin <- *ermunaz <- *her-mn meaning "world" in PIEYou got this part wrong. There is no evidence for the sense "world" for this lexeme in PIE. The evidence for that sense in Germanic is also speculation.There is actually a regular sound change that is seen for *°ari̯a° and *°asi̯a° in Germanic*°ari̯a(CV°) > *°er° (E.g., PIE *kóri̯o- > *xari̯a- > *her- seen in Gothic compound names)*°asi̯a(CV°) > *°es° (E.g., PIE *tósi̯o > *tasi̯a > Gothic þis)Therefore*h2ari̯o-mV° > *ari̯a-mV°> *er-mV°
>>18626362>This is due to the fact that, according to archaeological data, at the developed stage of the Yamnaya culture of the Urals, metal production flourished at the Kargalinsky mining and metallurgical center, which undoubtedly influenced social life and the formation of the specifics of power in the society of the population of the Yamnaya culture [Morgunova, 2014. P. 293>Thus, the monumental complexes of the Volga-Ural Yamnaya culture are unique architectural structures. This is the idea of the sun cult, embodied by the Yamnaya culture representatives using building materials of organic origin, which were available in the steppe zone. When studying such burial mounds, it is essential to engage soil scientists to reconstruct the architecture and construction techniques. Radiocarbon dates allow us to determine the appearance of the monumental complexes of the Volga-Ural Yamnaya culture at the beginning of the Shtysian period, and the existence of the tradition throughout the first half of the 3rd millennium BC>Such complex socioeconomic processes are characteristic of the pre-political (pre-state) phase of social development, which are documented in archaeological evidence from the developed stage of the Yamnaya culture in the Ural region. The successful development of the Yamnaya culture population, not considered a nomadic pastoralist, and the development of the Kargalinsky copper deposit were the main factors behind the socioeconomic development of this region.
>>18626369>*°ari̯a(CV°) > *°er°???>*°asi̯a(CV°) > *°es°??????How the fuck did you come up with these sound changes man, I've never seen anything like this.If you really believe these derivations are sound, you should correct wikipedia https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction%3AProto-Germanic/ermunazBeeler is the source for her-mn meaning world in PIE that you think is wrong.
Every time I talk about linguistics in a /his/ IE thread, someone comes in just saying some absolute bullshit they hallucinated, and there's no way to correct them except to say they made it up.I think I'll just stick to archaeology from now on.
>>18626365it is possible to copy-paste the text to Google Translate
>>18626375In fact, the article cited an intriguing part that people forget, which is that several Yamnaya tombs are associated with metallurgical contexts. One of the most interesting is perhaps the stone abrasives discovered in the tomb of Zolotoy 3 (see Mimokhod 2009 p. 170). The coolest thing is the presence of bimetallic objects and meteoric iron in the tombs of leaders. One of the oldest cultures that worked with forged from smelted iron was perhaps the Yamnaya (see Morgunova, Faizullin 2018) These combinations of multifunctional symbols in the tombs of leaders indicate the fusion of economic power with the power of the leader and personal right to the communal territory and the distribution of the social product are characteristic of pre-polity stage among early Indo-europeans.
>>18626376I discovered them by doing my own research. I noticed it was particularly important for understanding the genitive singular of the demonstrative pronoun and the genitive singular of a-stems (< PIE o-stems). Then I noticed the same rule applies to *hari̯a- > *her-, *er-min-, and *er-lazWikis don't allow original research as a general rule and I wouldn't touch a wiki even if they did since I don't waste my time on that sort of thing.
>>18626381that's what I did. Literally
>>18626376As far as the semantics go, I recommend you readBengtson, J. D. (2016). Iarl and Iormun-; Arya-and Aryaman-: A study in Indo-European comparative mythology. Comparative Mythology, 2, 33-67.
>>18626380Apparently you have no expertise in either archaeology or linguistics. You should observe quietly.
Another fact often overlooked when discussing early Indo-European communities is that they possessed knowledge of agriculture, but obviously it was not very developed, which refutes the Anatolian homeland hypothesis once and for all. We have two agricultural terms that have been reliably reconstructed, and apparently both can refer to wild seeds or small-scale grain cultivation. Archaeological evidence indicates that Indo-European culture practiced some agriculture in conjunction with pastoralism, at least seasonally. (See the another pic)https://www.academia.edu/108547976/Ten_Constraints_that_Limit_the_Late_PIE_Homeland_to_the_SteppesShitty pic quality sorry :/
>>18626395>>18626389he said it was his own "research" kek, so much for your faith in expertise!
A big reason why it took so long for the Northern European urheimat to be confirmed and for Kossina's theories to be validated is that people insisted on sticking to retarded unconvincing self-aggrandizing lies.
>>18626413You don't have an argument against it. The sound change is necessary in order to explain words that have nothing to do with *h2ari̯o
>>18626406>Five potential agricultural words were assigned by Kroonen et al. (2022) to 7 LPIE. These include: *h2erh3- ‘plow’, *h2erh3-u̯ r̥ /n- ‘(arable) field,’ *peis- ‘grind 8 (grain)’, *se-sh1-i̯ o- ‘a cereal’, and *h2ed-o(s)- ‘a (parched?) cereal’. Familiarity 9 with plow-using farmers seems to have increased between EPIE and LPIE.Maybe related to this
>>18626417There's an obvious argument against it, which is that -ari̯a- > -er- and -asi̯a- > -es- are not regular Proto-Germanic sound changes that have ever happened anywhere.
>>18626422I already said where the sound change occurs. If you need clarification on the conditioning, let me know.
>>18626389>Sources? MePoor westoid larping as indian kek
>>18626426You lost again. So sad.
>>18625924I've heard good things about:>Europe Before Rome: A Site-by-Site Tour of the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages>The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies
>>18626425>>18626428Don't you faggots see what's going on? The northern european urheimat is now confirmed by archaeological and linguistic evidence. But if you ignore the real concrete evidence and just make up unsubstantiated additional lies, you only hurt the cause, because now any jeet like >>18626426 can waltz in and say "you're lying" and he won't be wrong.
>>18626438Ukraine, actually
>>18626440No, wrong, it was Northern Europe at the time of the Corded Ware Culture.99% of Indo-European speakers today speak a language descended from Corded Ware. The only surviving Yamnaya languages are Greek, Albanian, and Armenian.Corded Ware was closely related to Yamnaya, but was not a direct paternal descendant of the ubiquitous Yamnaya elite male line, characterized by the Z2103 subclade.Corded Ware defeated Yamnaya on the steppe to form Srubnaya, which later gave rise to the Indo-Aryans.
>>18626428Yamnaya wasn't a race nor a country and they DID NOT called themselves aryans.
Corded Ware's homeland was the forest-steppe of Northern Europe, where the westernmost steppe pastoralists took GAC farmer women.The Indo-Aryans and Indo-Iranians had GAC Northern European farmer ancestry because their ancestors were Corded Ware, not Yamnaya.
>>18626443>they DID NOT called themselves aryans.Yes they did, "arya" is a word that descends from the ancestors of Corded Ware and Yamnaya, it has cognates in almost all the other Indo-European languages outside the Indus Valley.>Yamnaya wasn't a raceyes it was, all the Yamnaya men are from the same family, they were even more tightly knit than a race.
But I don't know why Indians autistically fixate over this word arya. It just means "us", it's just an endonym. It's as meaningful as "people", i.e., not that important in the grand scheme of things. Anyone can use any name.
>>18626438The sound change is not "unsubstantiated". I said where it occurs.The gen.sg of PIE o-stemsThe gen.sg of the demonstrative pronoun (*tósi̯o)When *kóri̯o- (> *hari̯a-) was used to make a compound. The evidence for this is in Gothic personal names, but they later become analogically restored since *hari̯az exists as a standalone word.*h2ari̯o-l- > *er-l-az*h2ari̯o-men- > *er-min-The sound change is syncope + umlaut where the syncope can only occur for *a (but not *ā) in an open syllable.
>>18626442>le 99% >direct paternal descendantAlready debuked here (again)>>18626127Don't you have another argument? You're playing this semantic game again? You vomit words with catchy phrases like "archaeology and genetics" in the vaguest way possible to pose as an intellectual. You don't know about archaeology, genetics, and apparently not even linguistics. I'm not going to waste time with you before you start accusing other users of being me. even in your favorite theory, Corded Ware wasn't native to Poland (Central Europe, not even Northern Europe). It only appeared in 2900 BC in this region, and whatever culture you have in your head to be its predecessor, it wasn't native to Northern Europe. They could have come from Narnia or Skyrim, but they certainly weren't from Northern Europe. Survive the Jive, Genos's history and Eurogenes's comments are not sources. Don't talk to me anymore, thank you.The points about the distance traveled by IBD are impressive, but you ignore them because you have a PhD in Twitter.
>>18626447Sources?
>>18626443>Yamnaya wasn't a raceOne ***might**** perhaps accord such arguments greater legitimacy in the context of a 1960s archaeology course, or within shitty journals that permit independent researchers to advance schizophrenic claims without rigorous scrutiny. However, today, in 2026, the attempt to dissociate material cultures from ethnic identity is sustained almost exclusively by Indians.. Even David Reich has acknowledged that earlier archaeological approaches, which emphasized the correlation between material culture and population movements across stratigraphic layers, have ultimately been vindicated by genetic evidence of large-scale migrations. You're falling behind. You need to keep up with the evidence, otherwise you'll be a laughingstock for all of us.The notion that "pots are not people" is now obsolete, Indeed, These ideas are so outdated and absurd nowadays. in IBD analyses, with pairs sharing a common ancestor from 10-15 generations back, the average distance was 1,550 km And here's where things get desperate for you: a Yamnaya individual buried in Samara around 3200 BC had descendants 2,600 km away in southern Siberia and 2,200 km away in Central Europe within a few centuries. 2600 km, do you realize that? And while they all remained homogeneous among themselves, they were an ethnolinguistic group with intimate shared cultural elements>>18626353 This evidence makes me increasingly confident about this term.>>18626389 Such intimately related peoples would certainly have a common ethnonym. And this thousands of years before any Iranian migrated to India.
>>18626491Its over in 2026
>>18626495>>18626491How did that prove they were a race? lol You guys are terrible at interpretation.
>>18626498I've already laid everything out for you to read. Why are you wasting everyone's time? Classical archaeology is being proven right, and it’s not on the side of the Indians and their delusional theories. From 3500 to 1500 BC, the chart shows clear evidence of lineages moving directly from Central and Eastern Europe into the Pontic-Caspian steppe, which lines up with the westward movement of Yamnaya-related populations. It’s literally written here. How is that not proof that these were ethnolinguistic groups? Furthermore, unfortunately for Indians, Andronovo is Proto-Indo-Iranian, as had already been said decades ago.
>>18626505Are Proto-Indo-Iranians properly Andronovo or Sintashta strictly speaking?
>>18626519But in Aegean and China... BTFO
>>18626507In this context, Sintashta would be a proto-Andronovo, since Andronovo is an almost direct extension of Sintashta, based on the available information. However, being more pragmatic, perhaps Andronovo is better described as "Indo-Iranian," as it is a phase prior to the separation between Aryans and Iranians, while Sintashta would be a proto-Indo-Iranian. Abashevo and Petrovka are also relevant to this discussion perhaps they were "pre-proto-Indo-Iranian" stages. Much is said nowadays about Indo-Slavic being Fatyanovo, but I'm not sure. Sintashta and Andronovo were definitely the ancestral stages of the Indo-Iranian Andronovo mainly because some groups and cultures from Kazakhstan to Central Asia derived from Andronovo cultures or became para Andronovo cultures (Alakul, Tazabagyab, Fedorovo, Alekseyevka, etc.). There were Petrovka colonies around 1800-2000 B.C present in the Uzbekistan with Abashevo characteristics. things may be more interesting and ancient than we like to think, especially when there is also evidence of Afanasievo burials in the middle of Tajikistan. The Indo-Europeans were apparently already accustomed to Asia since the beginning/middle of the Bronze Age. Fedorovo practiced cremation and had similar burial rituals to early Indo-Aryans, But the fire cult is as old as Sintashta, which was already apparently well-structured (Bolshoi Sintashta Kurgan a massive Bronze Age fire-worship) and widespread in many Andronovo domestic contexts, but it may be as old as CWC, since the Middle Dnieper culture possessed such characteristics.>>18626520?
>>18626465My own research
>>18626534Not the same poster
>>18627139Ironically true tho
>>18626127corded ware is the most overrated piece of crap of all totally pathetic culture did not feel capable of taking on the more developed pre beaker chalcolithic societies of southern Europe or the Alps The beaker culture did what the CW culture could not -overwhelmed the more sophisticated chalcolithic groups of western Europe in addition to conquering the CWC areas of Northern Europe
>>18627139Still fake btw
>>18627461Cope
>>18627477Bro? >by doing my own researchWho cares about your own research?
>>18627496>no argumentYou lost
>>18627517>by doing my own researchNop you lost, we do not care about your own conclusions. show to us your articles Yes, you can't
>>18627583You want to see some articles?
>>18627589Yes, we want the articles you wrote. You insist on using your own research as a basis, but that's not how it works you're an amateur, not a researcher.
>>18627607Say please.
>>18627662?
Indo-European laws customs
>>18625924For a a completely different and *poetic~ take consider the writing of marija gimbutas. It covers the Neolithic early european farmers beliefs. A lot of men are triggered by her( not that it matters) but there's some gems in her work
>>18627708>marija gimbutasNo. Feminist slop
>>18627607>>18627583>>18627496Widespread among Celtic peoplesprobably even among Lusitanians
>>18626337The operative problem, OP, is people like this. Usually thirdies like chinks or browns trying desperately to prove that their genetics have a place on this planet other than dragging down every civilization they've ever been a part of. Modern sources, E.G. Post-1970s, have the same problem, its all about multiculturalism and trying to justify immigration, it has nothing to do with the actual peoples or politics of the time.As a rule, you can safely disregard any source that considers thirdies people.
>>18627690>Yes sir, please show me the articles. Thank you, sir.
>>18627740Why are you so arrogant? Are you going to spam articles out of nowhere for no reason? Stop being annoying.
>>18627715>Feminist slopIt took you a whopping 4 minutes to be triggered lol
Possible Proto-Indo-European myth.The central story of the Ramayana – Rama and Lakshmana rescuing Sita, who was kidnapped by Ravana and taken to Lanka by crossing the sea shares the same "search and rescue" myth structure that appears in Welsh tales. This proves that the theme of the "Divine Twins" + rescue + water crossing already existed in the Proto-Indo-European period and was preserved in both India and Wales and other Indo-European peoples as well
>>18627607*h2ari̯-ó- goes back to PIE in the sense of an ethnonym. That's why there's a Celtiberian inscription which refers to Aryans in the plural of a collective noun. The pictured article is not my own research.The word used is ⟨araianom⟩. ⟨araia-⟩ is an ā-stem (< Proto-Celtic *ari̯ā- < PIE *h2ari̯-ah2-) which is to be read as a collective noun, the same type of collective noun as Proto-Celtic *toutā "people, tribe"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tout%C4%81The ending ⟨-nom⟩ is the genitive plural. This means ⟨araianom⟩ must be read as "of the Aryan peoples/tribes". The use of a collective here is surprising. It allows us to see quite explicitly that there existed this Aryan identity that applied to groups of people.The inscription refers to the god Lugus as "Lugus of the Aryan peoples".Celtiberian inscription located here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1alba_de_Villastar>To the mountaineer and..., to Lugus of the Aryan peoples/tribes, in rural procession we came. For the mountaineer and the equestrian, for Lugo, the chief of the community raised a roof/covering, (also) a roof for the thiasusWhy is Lugus a god of the Aryan peoples though? When you understand that Lugus (Irish: Lugh) is the Celtic version of Agni, it makes a lot of sense.Ginevra, R. (2023). The Irish myth of Balar’s killing by Lug, the Norse myth of Baldr’s killing by Loki, and the Indic myth of the Wounded Sun. ZEITSCHRIFT FüR KELTISCHE PHILOLOGIE, 70(A), 67-90.https://www.academia.edu/114396519/The_Irish_myth_of_Balars_killing_by_Lug_the_Norse_myth_of_Baldrs_killing_by_Loki_and_the_Indic_myth_of_the_Wounded_Sun
>>18627767In the Celtiberian dialect of Galicia, there is different variant.Instead of *ari̯- > arai̯-This dialect has *ari̯- > arr-.Here we see another ethnonym ⟨Arrotrebae⟩ "A tribe of Hispania Tarraconensis mentioned by Pliny". The second element appears to go back to Proto-Celtic *trebā "dwelling, settlement" in which case the ethnonym must be based on a placename. The Arrotrebae were people who came from an Aryan settlement.https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/treb%C4%81
>>18627777>>18627767You're going to be arrested. You're an accomplice in driving people to suicide.
>>18627767Lugus is not a deity related to fire, nor is he the sacrificer of gods and humanity.
>>18627777>>18627767Create a document with this information it's better than posting random articles
>>18626461Yamnaya was not the paternal ancestor of Corded Ware and literally nothng you posted contradicts that.
>>18627777>>18627767Stop spamming the same thing every time
>>18628063I'm busy right now, but in a little while I'll humiliate you again in front of everyone. Just wait.
>>18628100stop spamming jargon that you learned from Survive the Jive and other Twitter "experts." This will, in fact, be my last response to you, and I do not intend to repeat myself again. So pay close attention.1) claim that they possess "different paternal lineages" is objectively false, because based on the 2021 article by Papac et al. on the early Bohemian CWC, (the oldest CWC) was largely R-L151. The R-Z2103 haplogroup is irrelevant because it wasn't dominant in all Yamnaya variants everywhere. Get out of 2015 and learn that highly patrilineal clans have their own lineages.2) Archaeologically, the Budzak culture fits the population that may have given rise to the CWC-X being a development of an earlier and broader migration of the Yamnaya to the northwestern Black Sea/Lower Danube region around 3100 BC, They were almost exclusively from haplogroup R-L151. These RL151Yamnayavariant them moved west into peninsular Europe beginning in SE Poland, where it began to form the pre-Corded form of early Corded.https://www.academia.edu/75099188/Eastern_impulses_in_cultural_and_demographic_change_during_the_end_of_the_south_eastern_Polish_EneolithicAlso: https://www.academia.edu/42774820/Corded_Ware_cultural_complexity_uncovered_using_genomic_and_isotopic_analysis_from_south_eastern_Poland>Three graves with Yamnaya culture features were discovered there. The second stage is related to the barrows of the oldest horizon of Corded Ware culture (ca. 2900–2700 BC). In the third period, burials in catacombs appear, showing similarities to the features of Katacombnaya culture (ca. 2550–2400 BC). In these graves there are also finds with Middle Dnieper culture features. The fourth migration trend is represented by Bell Beaker culture burials (ca. 2400–2250 BC).3)PNL001 and OBR003 (CWC-X ~3000-2900 BC) were autosomally virtually identical to Yamnaya. IBD matches with the evidence of the earliest Bohemia_CW who were identical with Yamnaya.
>>18628237NTA but i couldn't understand anything
>>18628252briefly, the first CWC were R1b-L15, which was found in Yamnaya, Archaeologist Piotr Włodarczak divides Corded Ware in SE Poland into 4 phases. Phase I - CWC-X: 3000-2900 BCE "Pre-Corded" phase with the earliest kurgans. Only 2 sites are known: Hubinek and Średnia. Phase II: 2800-2600 BCE* The beginning of classic Corded Ware. - Phase III: 2600-2550 BCE* Arrival of people from the Middle Dnieper + appearance of Catacombnaya culture traits. Since the oldest samples of the Corded Ware Culture from Bohemia were predominantly R1b-L151, Phase I of the CWC-X was also likely dominated by R1b-L151, not R1a-M417. The Yamnaya people migrated to Lesser Poland (Małopolska) and founded the Horizon X transitional culture of the Corded Ware culture, which eventually evolved into Horizon, earliest examples of the CWC Ware culture rich in R-L151 also including the markers R-U106 and R-P312, spread westward and then developing the branch Bell Beaker.
>>18628281>>18628237Did the people of the CWC speak any language of PIE or Or are non-PIE languages already diversified?
Is it appropriate to hypothesize that the parts of Yamnaya that would go to form Afanasievo, the Balkan languages (including Greek), and the Armenians split off and briefly formed a unified speaking area or dialect together before going on to migrate to their respective lands?
>>18628284If you accept the new classifications as "PIA" or "LPIE," we could say that the people who gave rise to the Proto-Anatolians spoke an early dialect, or as I've seen authors refer to it, "classical/nuclear PIE," and Yamnaya LPIE, as well as CWC. But these classifications only caused confusion and don't help at all, absolutely not. considering that Yamnaya and Corded Ware The Corded Ware and Yamnaya share very large "pieces" of IBD 15-25 cM reflecting a recent common ancestor, this 20 cM "piece" breaks down in approximately 5 generations, i.e.the common ancestor between the Yamnaya and Corded Ware lived only 6 to 10 generations ago, that is, 200-300 years. This is a ridiculously short period of time, so I believe both spoke PIE dialects. Obviously, we can perhaps consider cultures like MDC and Fatyanovo (directly derived from CWC), which are considered possible candidates for Indo-Slavic. So,the branching of dialects, it could be already occurring at the end of the CWC period, consolidating languages of peoples like Abashevo, which would be pre-proto-Indo-Iranian, and in the west, after the SGC culture gave rise to Bell Beaker, the "pre-proto-Italic Celtic" stage.This proves that the Yamnaya are the direct source of the steppe ancestry in Corded Ware. It was a recent migration, not an ancient mixture, also supported by archaeology>>18628237We’ll never know for sure what language the Battle Axe culture spoke. They were predominantly R1a and ranged from Norway to Finland. I doubt they spoke pre-Proto-Germanic, since PPG likely only emerged in the Nordic Bronze Age, after influence from Bell Beakers and related continental groups (such as Unetic). They may have spoken extinct IE languages.
>>18627461>>18627496>>18627583>>18627607Where did this guy go? He got quiet for some reason.
>>18628329Unetice* sorry>>18628453probably went to sleep lol
