What went wrong?
>>18650659the light of God faded from them and their lands fell back under the dominion of hell
Bump.
>>18650659Probably the fact that it was basically one town in the middle of the jungle >>18650681Ironic how you're so stupid you're unwittingly calling Spanish people that
>>18650659Basically they couldnt acquire the necessary support to overturn things, and they were divided in more than one way. The Incas proper were a relatively small group of only a few thousand and their greatest successes came when they achieved a high degree of unity and had broad popular support.During the Neo Inca state, you had Incas like Sayri Tupac who believed that the best option was to accept the peace agreements and retire as wealthy ladino indians, former curacas and other authorities of the old empire, as his uncle Paullo was, who provided continuity to a parallel line of Inca government in Cusco. European religiosity also became quite well established in the Neo Inca state. It was sponsored by its rulers, who claimed to be Christians, although it was a strange form of Christianity in which the Inca was also venerated as the son of the sun in parallel. But there were also important figures like Tupac Amaru, the last ruler, who believed that the Spaniards should not be trusted, that no agreements should be made with them and that Christianity should not be accepted.
>>18653794On the other hand, the non Inca subjects of Neo-Inca state of Vilcabamba were few, although at the beginning, under Manco Inca, they had a greater number, particularly in what had been the Collasuyu in the south of the empire, thanks to the connections of his uncle, the Inca "pope" Challco Yupanqui, who was exiled there by Manco's father Huayna Capac so that Huayna could consolidate absolute power. But these groups gradually fell away or stopped supporting him one by one. The order was roughly from north to south. First they lost Colla support, then the Diaguitas, although the Calchaqui subgroup on the Argentine side resisted for quite a bit longer, much longer in fact, but also as a more independent resistance. The Linlin Curaca, a Neo Inca enclave in the southernmost confines of the empire governed by a Cusco Inca named Quil Quilta, also resisted considerably longer than Vilcabamba proper. Through their gold mine, they helped finance Vilcabamba's efforts to obtain weapons, for example. After it fell, they continued doing the same for the Calchaqui. Juan Calchaqui was proclaimed a saint by Challco during his childhood, and they also continued supporting the Mapuche on the other side of the mountains.
>>18653800Besides that, obviously the Incas of Vilcabamba also had support from groups in what had been the Antisuyu, the jungle region of the empire and the place where the Neo Inca capital was located. Some were very loyal, but there were also conflicts with others. For example, I remember that Manco Inca ordered one of them to be killed after he rejected one of his requests in a bad manner. Generally, Inca culture had always been this harsh toward any initial sign of rebellion. Inca vases "keros" from the early colony changed from their traditional style to being very focused on the Amazon because of Vilcabamba, but they also became heavily focused on conflicts between Incas and Antis (jungle peoples).
>>18653802And then, besides having internal divisions among the Neo Incas of Vilcabamba, there were also external ones, and not only with the Incas of Cusco who had accepted the colonial order, but with many other ethnic groups, even very far away ones. For example, a provincial lord called Caruarayco while talking in Cusco with a friend, another important nobleman from the old empire mentioned going to Vilcabamba to take the kingdom from Manco Inca and proclaim himself Inca there, perhaps without actually intending to do so, since many things were said during indian drinking parties. But this reached Manco's ears, and together with one of his Spanish allies he planned to kill them for saying things like that.>Caruarayco More specifically he was the governor of the province of Cajamarca where Atahualpa was captured in the head city of the same name in that province decades earlier. Although Bauer transcribes it as Caruarayco being from Cotomarca, which is another possibility. But Karwa Rayku was an important dynasty of curacas among the Cajamarcas that continued to have recognized figures during the colonial period, so I consider it more likely.
>>18653808On the other hand, the Huancas (well, at that time, the Shaushas were the main ethnic group in their land) were also enemies of the Incas of Vilcabamba. Cusichaca, the influential governor of Hatun Shausha, formerly an extremely important Inca regional capital in the northern half of the empire (Chinchaysuyu + Antisuyu), allied with the Spaniards along with other important curacas of his ethnic group. So Manco Inca once invaded what had been the Inca province of Sausa to punish them.
>>18653809The Cañari people, one of the main ethnic groups from the north living in large numbers in Cusco alongside the Chachapoya, also ended up being very supportive of ending Vilcabamba.Especially people like Zaraunanta (Francisco Chilche). He was a former page of Huayna Capac and a warmonger who was very likely the Cañari warrior who defeated Atahualpa's commander and cousin Cusi Yupanqui. Cusi had been sent by Atahualpa to punish the Cañari in Tomebamba for rebelling and swearing loyalty to Huascar in Cusco (this was Atahualpa's first massacre after taking up arms). The bold words of this Cañari warrior, who said he was very sad because he would rather have faced Atahualpa himself, made Atahualpa smirk and order that he be captured alive because he wanted the warrior to work for him. At this stage, Atahualpa needed all the close allies he could get. His cousin Cusi had been sent to kill him by Huascar before Atahualpa defeated Cusi and proposed him an alliance. Later, Zaraunanta was among the first allies Pizarro got in the northern part of the empire where he met Atahualpa. Another Cañari curaca called Vilchumlay met Pizarro on the shores of Tumbes years before Zaraunanta during Pizarro's previous pre conquest expedition, Vilchumlay was the one who introduced them.
>>18653821The Chachapoya were another major player. When Manco Inca withdrew to Vilcabamba, he took some of them with him. He passed through the town of Amaybamba where the Chachapoya had been settled generations earlier by his grandfather Tupac Inca Yupanqui. There were also Chachapoyas who opposed him and were therefore executed, such as the Chachapoyan cacique of Amaybamba, Apo Llasac. On one occasion, the Incas of Vilcabamba destroyed the town. I think Apo Llasac's brother was in charge at the time. In any case, his son Llaysa and his grandson later avenged Apo Llasac by participating in and helping with the invasion of Vilcabamba decades later.The Chachapoya also served as guards who protected the colonial city of Cusco, although this had already been their role during the time of Huayna Capac. Huayna Capac had previously made the Chachapoya his personal elite guard, who specialized in using halberds and guarded the city from the fortress of Sacsayhuaman. Manco Inca sent his cousin Cayo Topa to the north to look for allies in what had been the Inca province of Chachapoya, but he did not get the results he expected.
>>18653826On the other hand, there were also Incas who supported the final invasion of Vilcabamba, including Pazca, if he is the same person mentioned in other documents as Yazca/Pazca. Yazca was an Inca general and brother of Huayna Capac and therefore Manco Inca's uncle. Many decades earlier, after amassing an army in the north where he was with his brother Huayna, he heard news of an invasion on the Bolivian frontier. Yazca was then sent by his brother to face the Guarani Portuguese coalition that was invading. He reinforced the Guarani frontier with 40 something pucaras.According to a letter sent to the Spanish Crown, without Yazca's support, it would not have been possible to win the war against the Manco Inca rebellion in Cusco. This was before Manco Inca founded Vilcabamba. Yazca helped capture the fortress of Sacsayhuaman along with other Inca commanders, Huaypar and Inquil, from the forces under his exiled brother Challco, who was supporting Manco's rebellion as one of his senior commanders. Apparently, many decades later, he was still lending his support to the colonial regime to destroy Vilcabamba.
>>18653835Then there were more diplomatic Incas who instead wanted a peaceful integration, such as Paullu Inca, Manco Inca's half brother and also Atahualpa's and Huascar's half brother, along with more than 200 other siblings. Paullu was initially an ally of Manco but later became a traitor. On one occasion, when Manco Inca almost died after throwing himself into a river, he would not stop shouting that he was going to kill Paullu.Decades later, Paullu ended up trying to make peace with his brother's heirs. He attempted to get them to leave Vilcabamba and enter negotiations with the viceroy. Paullu managed to get things moving, but he became ill and died just before the child king of Vilcabamba, Sayri Tupac, traveled to Lima to meet with the viceroy and abdicate the throne. However, later in Yucay, Sayri also became ill and died after having already entered into colonial vassalage. There were some suspicions that Zaraunanta had poisoned him, but it was also very common among the Incas to assume poisoning whenever a sovereign died. It was never clarified what actually happened.In Vilcabamba, another Inca was crowned anyway, Titu Cusi, who theoretically accepted being a vassal of the king of Spain. But during the final negotiations, he died suddenly. Based on the symptoms, it is now thought that it was pneumonia, but at the time the Incas thought that the Spanish priests had done something to him. Tupac Amaru then took power and killed all the Spaniards in the kingdom, including the messengers. However, without a good plan for the war because of the sudden circumstances, he was defeated.
>>18653841And the Incas of Vilcabamba also had the bad luck that the Spanish faction they initially allied with, the Almagrists, was defeated by the army sent by the Spanish Crown after the Pizarrists and Almagrists began a war against each other and eventually against the Crown as well. For a brief time however, the mestizo (Spanish+Caribbean) son of Almagro, Almagro El Mozo, became the supreme de facto ruler of Peru.For example, in 1542, the Incas of Vilcabamba, in alliance with the Almagristas (supporters of Almagro El Mozo), invaded the city of Cusco twice.
>>18653794thanks for the long and informative posts about a part of the world I don't know that well, anon. I appreciate it.
>>18652813It was more than one town, with Neo-Inca enclaves such as the remote realm of the Curaca of Linlin that I mentioned.Although it seems exaggerated to say that the Neo-Inca state was as large and populous as Tito Cusi claimed, to the point that, according to him, twice as much land as the distance from Quito to Chile would be needed to accommodate such a population. "así que estos son tantos que no se pueden contar que serían menester dos veces tanta tierra desde Quito hasta Chile y que poblasen"
>>18655387But just maybe it did extend as far as the Moxos, as the chronicle of Diego Felipe de Alcaya said.Many have probably heard something about this area through those LiDAR reports about the Amazon. Despite what most English speakers have probably heard, civilization in this area has been known for a long time. Bolivians call it the Cultura Hidráulica de las Lomas de Moxos, but there is this new term, the Casarabe culture, that in my opinion is unnecessary, but it is used particularly for the frontier settlements closer to the Amazon rainforest proper. The Llanos de Moxos are generally more like patches of forest within a vast savanna, hence their other name the Beni Savanna, many people don't even consider it part of the Amazon proper.
my nigga youre on 4chan im not reading all that
Vgh, the Incan temples in Vilcabamba...
>>18657489the path that leads to it
>>18656665They're pretty niche, but they're easy little bits of info to share.>>18657489>>18657491The mountain where Inkatambo/Punkuyoq sits is tied to a love story:>The Inka who conquered the region of Vilcabamba fell in love with a beautiful maiden from the town of Lucma and, in order to accept his requests, she asked him to break through the mountain range that blocked the passage to Quilla Pampa [today the city of Quillabamba]—where coca was cultivated. […] And when the Inka died, the Coya [the queen], dressed in black, went to the pass and there died of grief, turning into a gigantic black obelisk that can be seen from afar. The local people call her “Idma Coya” or “Widowed Queen” […] This Inka is believed to have been Pachakuti Inka Yupanqui, who conquered this region of Vilcabamba.
>>18658822Lucma is the closest town, it had 300 householders during the times of the Neo-Inca state.The Augustinian Order was allowed to enter and establish itself here in 1566, constructing one of the first churches in Vilcabamba. Six years after the conquest of Vilcabamba, the Mercedarian Order built a church on top of the usnu of the town plaza in 1578.Like many typical rural Andean churches it shares architectural influences with the long palatial buildings of the Incas such as the cuyusmango and it also used to have a thatched roof presumably Inca-style or similar, but unfortunately it caught fire in 1717, after which the roof was rebuilt, although it still retains some resemblance to an Inca-style roof.
Did you know that for important warnings the Incas used a visual signaling system that was massively faster than their chasqui runners?It was studied how this much larger system could have been used around Vilcabamba by looking at the 2 most famous sites around, Choquequirao and Machu Picchu. Theoretically, alarms could pass between those 2 sites in just 45 minutes or so by using a chain of at least 10 mountain stations.Inca Garcilaso de la Vega talks about this system:>They also had another way of sending messages, by passing on smoke signals by day or flames at night. For this purpose the chasquis always kept fire and faggots [of firewood] prepared, and kept permanent watch by night and day in turns, so that they were always ready for any contingency. This method of sending messages by fires was reserved for any rising or revolt in any great province or kingdom, so that the Inca would know about it within two or three hours at most, even though it would be five or six hundred leagues [2500–3000 kilometers] away from the capital, and could take the necessary steps even before he received tidings [via runners] about the exact province where the rising had occurred.
Although not much remains of it, this is the site where Titu Cusi signed the peace treaty of Acobamba in 1566.
>>18656665acquire literacy
>>18653802>Inca vases "keros" from the early colony changed from their traditional style to being very focused on the Amazon because of Vilcabamba, but they also became heavily focused on conflicts between Incas and Antis (jungle peoples)Like this, the local peoples were also given many other like campas, chunchos, in addition to andesuyos (antisuyos), yes this area was the one that gave its name to the whole Andes range
