>>18661114
Yes, Allah's providence as well as his amazing skills

Never understood this line of reasoning, cause it implies that, when your armies inevitably fail, god is helping the other side against you. And this is actually where the Muslims' own logic led them when they got whupped by the mongols. It might've been the catalyst to reform their religion but instead they mostly just doubled down on everything bad about it.
>the problem is that we weren't devoted enough to Allah!
>we have to be even MORE strict and fundamentalist!
In reality, it wasn't the mongols per se that destroyed the Islamic golden age of art and science, it was the reactionary social movement that followed the conquest.

>>18661129
>your armies inevitably fail
There is the old phrase "they plan and plaj but God is the best of planners"

Whatever hardship the Ummah faces is a test from the Divine