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File: 1787456127505181s.jpg (7 KB, 250x201)
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Name 5 things that the non-Arab African countries invented. (No Egypt) lol.
>>
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>>18661272
They invented lots of things that they had in common with the rest of the world because they created them independently without external influence
>>
>Africans never invented anything
>except those guys
>and those guys
>noooo those guys don't count
why are you people like this?
>>
>>18661274
Name 5 lol.
>>
>>18661272
Iron Smelting
Barkcloth
Carbon steel
Coffee
Pottery
Caesarean section
Stripweaving
>>
>>18661272
>"Moroccan" leather which originated from Northen Nigeria
>Smallpox inoculation
>Rudimentary indoor toilets
>Iron working
>Oryza glaberrima
>Bloomery furnaces that operate without water
>Several agricultural techniques
>>
>>18661307
I listed seven what did I win OP?
>>
>>18661272
Inoculation
The Zulu Spear
Domestication of the Donkey
Coffee
Ethiopian language of G'eez
>>
>>18661293
>>18661307
>>18661323
All they invented was AIDS lol.
>>
>>18661273
This correctly predicted how this thread would go. There's no invention of which you can say "why if it weren't for sub-saharan Africa, we wouldn't have..."
>>
>>18661326
most of the world invented the same things in history
>>
>>18661330
Finish the sentence with a useful invention:

"why if it weren't for sub-saharan Africa, we wouldn't have..."
>>
>>18661324
>>18661326
>we wouldn't have..."
Inoculation which led to the development of vaccines in the US, high quality leather used for bookbinding in Europe for centuries, skilled slave farmers that helped the US generate the capital needed for industrialization
Where's my price OP?
>>
>>18661326
Forgot to mention mules which came from donkeys and where the primary pack animals used for long distance transport in Europe, coffee which was "and still is" imported as a stimulant for workers in order to keep them productive
>>
>>18661333
Lot of things that I mentioned like Coffee and Carbon steel were inveted first by Sub Saharan Africans
>>
>>18661344
>Inoculation
Came to Europe via the Caucasus so this is literally Causasian, African practices of this had no effect on modern medicine

>high quality leather
What specific technique for improving the quality of leather was invented in sub-sahran Africa that the world came to use?

>slave farmers

LOL i asked for inventions and the best you could come up with for #3 on your list was "well you can make the people from there work on farms"
>>
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>>18661272
Literally anything and everything you collectively call civilization was invented by non black, non brown people.
>>
>>18661355
>Came to Europe via the Caucasus so this is literally Causasian,
Smallpox inoculation was introduced in the US by an African slave
>What specific technique for improving the quality of leather was invented in sub-sahran Africa that the world came to use?
Moroccan leather which wasn't really Moroccan
>LOL i asked for inventions
Agricultural techniques should count as Inventions
>>
>>18661333
Fire, cooking, stone tools, spear, bow and arrow, poison, language, speech, iron, hunting, gathering, drawing, making shelter, walking, running, swimming, weaving, clothing, raft
>>
>>18661354
>Carbon steel
NTA but I think India might ha done it first
>>
>>18661368
have*
>>
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>>18661368
India also invented tons of stuff, including mathematics. Africa and India are the two pillars of civilisation
>>
>>18661366
>was introduced in the US by an African slave
It was known in Europe before there even was a United States

>Moroccan leather

You're really scraping the bottom of the barrel to call this an invention. People already had leather anon and there's nothing particularly special about this. It's like calling American country music an "invention", it's just a local take on something everybody has.

>Agricultural techniques

What agricultural technique did sub-Saharan Africa invent?

The fact it's this hard is making my point for me.

You seem motivated by a drive against racism, but wouldn't it be better to stop pretending there's no problem and start acknowledging something is wrong with Blacks and asking how to fix it?
>>
>>18661378
>What agricultural technique did sub-Saharan Africa invent?
crop domestication, advanced metallurgy, trench-based irrigation, dark earth creation
>>
>>18661272
mathematics and timekeeping
binary code
carbon steel
lost-wax casting
mbira (ancient music box)
polyrhythms and syncopation
vaccination and variolation (initialy rejected by white doctors but later they admit that they were wrong)
advanced surgical techniques
coffee
domesticated crops
adobe and mudbrick architecture (now used globally)
fractal architecture

damn, that's a lot, seraching for those made me less racist
>>
>>18661378
>It was known in Europe before there even was a United States
"Known" is a big word and also is irrelevant, knowledge of the method in the US was introduced by an African slave, it became widely adopted and helped reduce mortality rate
>People already had leather
Yet they had to import west African leather via Morocco because it was of better quality
>What agricultural technique did sub-Saharan Africa invent?
shifting cultivation; rotational bush fallow; rotational planted fallow; mixed farming permanent cultivation; tree cultivation; and floodland and irrigated farming.
African slaves were selectively chosen for their abilities at growing specific crops like rice
>>
>>18661392
>knowledge of the method in the US was introduced by an African slave

Voltaire writes about it and he was dead before the American Revolution was even over

>they had to import west African leather via Morocco because it was of better quality

This is like saying someone in another country listening to Country music is importing an American invention because of higher quality. It's just a local artisan version of something everyone has.

Also everything I'm reading looks to be saying that Moroccan leather was a genuine Ottoman product and that all tha comes from sub-Saharan Africa are raw materials. What's your evidence it was actually a sub-Saharan "invention", even allowing that word for something like this?

And you're getting desperate and just throwing things out now:

>tree cultivation

Please anon, trace how tree cultivation is a sub-Saharan African invention.
>>
>>18661394
>>18661405
don't delete posts
>>
>>18661405
>Voltaire writes about it
Smallpox inoculation was first used in 1721
>This is like saying someone in another country listening to Country music
Ridiculous comparison, leather is something tangible an actual material good music isn't.
>how tree cultivation is a sub-Saharan African invention.
Did I ever say it was only invented in Africa? You asked me a question I responded.
>>
>>18661418
>Smallpox inoculation was first used in 1721
Like I said, before there even WAS an America.

>leather is something tangible an actual material good music isn't

You're not talking about leather. You're talking about a technique for making leather. And where is the evidence this is even sub-Saharan technique? From what I have seen it was an Ottoman one and they sourced some raw materials from sub-Saharan Africa.

>Did I ever say it was only invented in Africa? You asked me a question I responded.

My question was: Finish the sentence with a useful invention:

"why if it weren't for sub-saharan Africa, we wouldn't have..."

And you know there's nearly nothing you can use there so you bring up things everyone has. Because the truth is obvious. There's something not quite right with Blacks, we should figure out what it is that makes their cultures struggle, and then help them fix it. But you simply deny there's a problem even when it's patently obvious and use increasingly desperate excuses.
>>
>>18661428
>Like I said, before there even WAS an America.
America as a region existed before the proclamation of independence and the inoculation method was still being after 1776.
>You're not talking about leather. You're talking about a technique for making leather
Which made better leather
>Finish the sentence with a useful invention
Nope your original question was naming 5 inventions but as soon people posted more than just 5 you moved the goalpost.
>And you know there's nearly nothing you can use there so you bring up things everyone has
I already mentioned them above
>>
>>18661434
I meant 1783
>>
>>18661434
>America as a region existed before the proclamation of independence and the inoculation method was still being after 1776

And it was known before this, with people in Europe talking about it being known from the Caucasus. Just like tree cultivation this is something widely known and isn't some unique sub-Saharan invention.

>Which made better leather

A) By what specific metric?

B) Anon are you going to show me something that says it was a sub-Saharan African technique, not an Ottoman one using raw materials from sub-Saharan Africa?

>your original question

I'm not OP. OP's question needs slight clarification to my version to avoid people bringing up tree cultivation.
>>
>>18661323
G'eez nuts!
>>
>>18661453
>And it was known before this,
It wasn't but even if this was the case so what? They ended up using the African method.
>By what specific metric?
Metric of European using it to bind books which means it was more resistant
>Anon are you going to show me something that says it was a sub-Saharan African technique, not an Ottoman one using raw materials from sub-Saharan Africa?
How about you try to prove that it wasn't made in West Africa?
>I'm not OP
So you're just wasting my time?
>>
>>18661473
>They ended up using the African method

No they didn't. Look at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1258/jrsm.2012.12k044. Someone published about how the Ottoman Empire was doing it via the Caucasus nations. Someone replied saying their slave did something similar. Where was that slave from? According to that article "Onesimus was a Guaramante from what is now southern Libya". The Ottoman Empire.

It goes on further to say "Subsequently, in 1716, a well respected physician, Jacob Pylarinius, also writing from Turkey, reported that inoculation had been introduced into Constatinople by a Greek woman about 1660".

The guy you're talking about wasn't even sub-Saharan, all of this keeps tracing back to the Ottoman Empire, including Ottoman Greece around 1660. There's a detailed period description in that article of the north African technique.

>How about you try to prove that it wasn't made in West Africa?
Anon that isn't how things work when you're claiming this is a sub-Saharan invention. What is your source it comes from there? Everything I'm seeing is saying it's genuinely Ottoman, with just raw materials from sub-Saharan Africa.
>>
>>18661493
>No they didn't
In the American colonies, Cotton Mather used the method he had learned from his slave, starting in 1706. The Ottoman method came in Britain much later.
This is basic information you can find on Wikipedia.
>Anon that isn't how things work when you're claiming this is a sub-Saharan invention
I think the problem here is that you wanted to make an easy troll only to get owned.
So haven't demonstrated why does aren't "useful inventions"
>>
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>blacks and browns invented everything
then how come their places are all hell on earth?
>>
>>18661505
>In the American colonies, Cotton Mathe

Anon that is who the article is referring to! Didn't you read "it triggered a reply from Cotton Mather, a minister in Boston, Massachusetts" right before the section that I quoted?

>The Ottoman method came in Britain much later.
What in the world are you talking about? Cotton Mather was writing in reply to someone talking about the Ottoman method.

>basic information you can find on Wikipedia

And it's misleading you so far, you didn't even know basic facts about Cotton Mather's African associate to the point you didn't recognize it when the article was put right to you.

Wikipedia is heavily left-leaning and wants to try and hide what everyone can see about Blacks.

>you wanted to make an easy troll
Anon this is basic burden of proof. You said "Moroccan leather isn't actually from the Ottoman Empire like its name would suggest, it comes from sub-Saharan Africa". I check it out and what I find is all saying it's an Ottoman product that uses sub-Saharan raw materials. I ask the source for your claim and you reply "prove me wrong!".

Where is your claim that it isn't Ottoman coming from?
>>
>>18661553
>Anon that is who the article is referring to!
Didn't waste my time reading it. After the Boston epidemics the Royal Society sent physicians to West Africa to observe the practice. American pamphlets about the practice then started circulating in Europe.
>>18661553
>Cotton Mather was writing in reply to someone talking about the Ottoman method.
That was much later, he was already familiar with the one his slave introduced him to.
>Moroccan leather isn't actually from the Ottoman Empire like its name would suggest, it comes from sub-Saharan Africa"
I didn't, you made the claim that it was then asked to prove otherwise
>I check it out and what I find is all saying it's an Ottoman product that uses sub-Saharan raw materials
It wasn't, no idea why you started lying about this
>>
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>>18661365
Civilization was invented in Iraq and exported to Europeans who couldn't even figure out writing and farming without swarthy brownoids teaching them how. Chinese, Indians, Mesoamericans, all figured it out themselves, but not white people.
>>
>>18661272
>>18661275
>necklacing
>slavery
>bushmeat
>bows & arrows
>voodoo
>>
>>18661272
>Egypt? Eastern Mediterranean civilization, landmass is irrelevant, checkmate Afritards
>Greeks were also an Eastern Mediterranean civilization? Well part of their landmass was on Europe which makes them European
>>
>>18661588
>>18661553
Correction it was the Royal African Company that sent the physicians.
Letters between Mather and members of the Royal Society were written between in the 1714 to 1724 which means 8 years after Mather started using it.
>>
>>18661274
Who are you quoting?
>>
>>18661598
>Civilization was invented in Iraq
sure, when Iraq was white people. Today its a ruined hell hole because they aren't white anymore.
>>
>>18661588
>Didn't waste my time reading it
So let me get this straight. You are saying that if we're wondering about the origins of inoculation, an article published in the scholarly Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine titled The Origins of Inoculation is...a waste of time?

>That was much later

Anon. Read the scholarly article.

It even quotes a period source that says "It is withal so ancient in the Kingdoms of Tripoli, Tunis and Algier, that no body remembers its first rise: and it is generally practised not only by the Inhabitants of the Towns, but also by the wild Arabs".

It was a long-established practice in Ottoman North Africa

>I didn't

So you do not claim that the technique to make Moroccan leather is sub-Saharan African in origin?

>It wasn't

According to who? What is your source for this information? Surely you didn't pluck it from thin air. Where did you read this anon?
>>
>>18661642
The Sumerians were just as brown as their modern descendants who still live there, all dna testing has proven this
>>
>>18661672
>You are saying that if we're wondering about the origins of inoculation,
I don't need to read something you found with chatgpt to know that Mather already started using it in 1708 and I find pathetic that you are still trying to argue against this historical fact
>Read the scholarly article.
And a French geographer claimed that West Africans have been practicing it since "unmemorable times", your point being? Again the practice was popularised in Europe via translated American pamphlets which were made after many successful inoculation using the method Mather learned from his slave.
>So you do not claim that the technique to make Moroccan leather is sub-Saharan African in origin?
Leather of the highest quality was sourced from West Africa this is also a fact
>What is your source for this information?
Scholars https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kano?
>>
>>18661725
>Mather already started using it in 1708

Anon, at that time, was it or was it not already widely used in the Ottoman Empire?

>And a French geographer claimed that West Africans have been practicing it since "unmemorable times", your point being?

Then at absolute best, this is another "tree cultivation". Something you already see most everyone having. It's not rocket science, all it is is putting pus from an infected person into a cut on your skin. That's the totality of it.

>the practice was popularised in Europe via translated American pamphlets

Anon we already looking at it being used in Greece and Turkey before this

>method Mather learned from his slave

Anon he was from Libya: North Africa, part of the Ottoman Empire (on and off again).

>Scholars https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kano?

This is about Kano being a hub for its production in the early 1900's anon. Your own article there talks about how heavily Arabized the city was. We first have what could be called Moroccan leather documented in the Arab world.

You keep taking a kangz approach and trying to take Near Eastern ideas and give them to Black sub-Saharan Africans.
>>
Stop spacing your post like a retard please
>>
>>18661785
>Ottoman Empire
So not the West?
>Then at absolute best, this is another "tree cultivation
You are just rambling words at this point, smallpox inoculation was introduced in the West by an African slaves in North America end of story.
>Anon we already looking at it being used in Greece and Turkey before this
And? It was American pamphlets written by physicians that popularized the practice in Europe not Greece or Turkey.
It's so funny how you keep arguing about this
>Anon he was from Libya: North Africa, part of the Ottoman Empire (on and off again).
Nope Matter kept referring him as Guaramantee which was very likely a reference to the Coromantee an Akan group from modern day Ghana the place where Europeans where actually getting their slaves
Royal Society already debunked this talking point https://royalsociety.org/blog/2020/10/west-africans-and-the-history-of-smallpox-inoculation/
Did ChatGPT forgot to tell you that?
>This is about Kano being a hub for its production in the early 1900's anon
No is a brief resume of the history of Kano and explicitly says that "Leather goods of all kinds are also manufactured, and from Kano come most of the “morocco leather” goods on the European markets. Dyeing is another large trade, as is the preparation of indigo

>Your own article there talks about how heavily Arabized the city was
It doesn't, you obviously don't know what you are talking about
>We first have what could be called Moroccan leather documented in the Arab world.
It wasn't the term was used by Europeans whic then evolved into a synonym for high quality leather maybe your Arabic "sources" were talking about actual leather made in Morocco
Another source is A.G. Hopkins who also says that high quality leather was mostly sourced from Northen Nigeria
Why are you wasting both of our times with those easily debunkable lies anon?
>>
>>18661785
A.G. Hopkins book Is "An Economic History of West Africa" Page 74
>You keep taking a kangz approach and trying to take Near Eastern ideas
ChatGPT can't save so you just decided to lie. Sad
>>
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>>18661835
>So not the West?

Well yes the West, unless you think Greece isn't part of the West. But even if not the West. The thread is about sub-Saharan African inventions. Of which there are none, as confirmed by the truly abhorrent examples brought forward.

>smallpox inoculation was introduced in the West by an African slaves in North America end of story

Repeating yourself and saying "end of story" doesn't work when a definitive refutation has already been given. Let me spell it out clearly:
He
was
from
Libya

Do you understand? You keep using "African" even though it's been explicitly pointed out that he was from North Africa, not sub-Saharan Africa.

>It was American pamphlets written by physicians that popularized the practice in Europe not Greece or Turkey

Anon do you remember the-well, wait, no, of course you don't, you said reading it would be a waste of time. Remember at least my quotes from the scholarly article then. People were already discussing the practice as it was in the Ottoman Empire. The man you keep bringing up was from Libya, North Africa, where the dominant power was
the
Ottoman
Empire.

>kept referring him as Guaramantee which was very likely a reference to the Coromantee an Akan group from modern day Ghana

Anon. Again. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1258/jrsm.2012.12k044 says "Onesimus was a Guaramante from what is now southern Libya".

We already saw period sources say they had been doing it there for so long no one remembers when it began. We have a firsthand account of someone who lived there having it done to him.

>from Kano come most
When the encyclopedia was written. In the early 1900's.

>It doesn't

"Arabs from Tripoli" aren't...Arabs from Tripoli? "by its north-east shore is the market of the Arab merchants. Here also was the slave market", no Arabs around?
>>
>>18661847
>Another source is A.G. Hopkins who also says that high quality leather was mostly sourced from Northen Nigeria
When? "Sourced" in what way? Where did the techniques being used on it originate?

>A.G. Hopkins book Is "An Economic History of West Africa" Page 74
You haven't read this. Post a photo or screenshot of this section so I can read it myself.
>>
>>18661881
>>18661835
Hm, part of my message must have been accidentally deleted. I included the pic and had written that

>Royal Society already debunked this talking point https://royalsociety.org/blog/2020/10/west-africans-and-the-history-of-smallpox-inoculation/

Is a blog post by the woman in that picture, it is not "the Royal Society", it's some fat black girl named Elise. What specific data - and I do mean DATA, not just her fantasies about #BlackGirlMagic - did Elise bring forward that contradicts something I've said?
>>
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>>18661881
>Well yes the West, unless you think Greece isn't part of the West
It wasn't, it was part of the Ottoman empire
>The thread is about sub-Saharan African inventions.
Already listed them above
He was from Libya
>Which was the historical name used for Africa. Libya at the was known as Tripoli it was an Italian who reintroduced that name for the colony. This is basic knowledge
Also this "Hayden, Christopher Ellis (2008). Of Medicine and Statecraft: Smallpox and Early Colonial Vaccination in French West Africa (Senegal-Guinea) (Thesis). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University. p. 229"
>You keep using "African
Because it is, you are just stupid
>People were already discussing the practice as it was in the Ottoman Empire
Which is not Western Europe or the West
>Onesimus was a Guaramante from what is now southern Libya".
Yes Africa we already knew that
>When the encyclopedia was written. In the early 1900's.
It could be written in the 3000 and it still won't change the fact that is a summary of the history of Kano
>Arabs from Tripoli
So it had a diaspora... Your point being?
>Post a photo or screenshot of this section so I can read it myself.
Pic
>Is a blog post by the woman in that picture, it is not "the Royal Society
A woman with a PHD that works with the institution
>She is a black woman
You are so fucking predictable but please continue with your lies I find them amusing
>>
>>18661272
>>18661333
The crops they domesticated could answer this question on it's lonesome.

Outside of that, they are the reason the guineafowl is a managed bird at all (it's not yet reliant on humans), and they may have domesticated the donkey. There is of course also the various genres of music they contributed to.
>>
>>18661881
Just downloaded and read the article, the author doesn't provide any evidence that the slave was from Southern Libya which wasn't part of Ottoman territory anyway
>>
>>18661686
the people in those lands are brown now because of thousands of years of non white dna contamination from south east asia and sub saharan africa

your the kind of retard who would look at london today and conclude that 500 years ago it was also majority brown/black
>>
>>18662006
NTA but I think you are kinda dumb
>>
>>18662007
Nobody cares about the opinions of black/brown people who lie like it was life calling.
>>
>>18661391
>>18661293
>>18661307
nice thread, didn't know that Africans invented so many stuff before
>>
>>18661367
>Fire, cooking, stone tools, spear, bow and arrow, poison, language, speech, iron, hunting, gathering, drawing, making shelter, walking, running, swimming, weaving, clothing, raft
Not a single one of these is true, so I guess that's the joke.
>>
The underlying point of the thread, that African people are stupid, is objectively true.
>>
>>18662018
That guy is a tard, but a few things he presented are actually true (in a way that matters).

The very first bow ever is found in South Africa ~70kya, and it was independently invented by Niger-Congo speakers alongside canoes.

The evidence for nigs independently inventing iron mettalurgy is also strong enough to where the only *good* reason to believe otherwise is due to us not knowing how and (though to a much lesser extent) when the transition happened. In any case, iron mettalurgy had a completely separate technological progression in SSA, with things like steel and even swords undeniably being independently invented there.
>>
>>18661895
Additional source from an actual historian that proves that the slave is from West Africa and that the North African origin is based on a misunderstanding of Mather's words
>>
>>18661881
To resume our "debate" I was right, the woman was also right and you were wrong about pretty much everything.
An advice for the future next time read book first instead of using ChatGPT
>>
>>18662028
>"why if it weren't for sub-saharan Africa, we wouldn't have..."
>Fire, cooking, stone tools, spear, bow and arrow, poison, language, speech, iron, hunting, gathering, drawing, making shelter, walking, running, swimming, weaving, clothing, raft
All false in the prescribed context.
All of the things you mentioned (bows, canoes, iron working, "steel" (which is an accidental discovery once you work iron), and swords) all emerged independently elsewhere, thus not satisfying the proposition.
>>
>>18661367
TRUE
>>
>>18661273
>because they created them independently without external influence
No they literally didn't, basically what little they had was all from external influence
>>
>>18661272
The wheel
Peanut butter
Slavery
Hi-Point
White people
>>
>>18661493
Your source suck, it offers no evidence to support that claim, and you're an idiot for linking to it uncritically, without checking to see if there was any.
From what I've seen online the argument used by people that favour the Libya hypothesis is very weak, they identify Guramantee as Garamantes from the ancient kingdom Garama but there are a couple of issues.
1 No one was using that term to the describe the region at the time.
2 It is highly unlikely that someone from southern Libya made his way to West African slave ports, furthermore Europeans weren't buying slaves from North Africa
The West Africa hypothesis is far more plausible and the etymological evidence is stronger.
>>
>>18661272
>>
>>18661598
>Civilization was invented and exported
There are people with IQs low enough that this statement makes sense to them
>>
>>
>>18662541
You also stole a lot of fucking money
>>
>>18662490
The fact that this has become a point of discussion is hilarious. All slaves in New England during that period came from West Africa, the only "mystery" concerns the specific part of the region Onesimus came from but yeah inoculation in the West was introduced by West Africans that's just a fact
>>
Sage and let it rot people.
>>
>>18661957
The discussion seems to be essentially over at this point since you're now talking about whether something was from the west, which is nebulous under your definition and evidently doesn't include Greece, rather than being about sub-Saharan Africa, which is the topic of the thread.

The grandest invention from all of sub-Saharan Africa you've even been able to posit is a type of leather that was used for luxury bookcovers. And even that isn't working. I've found no evidence it was invented in sub-Saharan Africa and you've been unable to produce any. Even your pic says it's from western Sudan, which isn't sub-Saharan.

Your other example is innoculation, which I've definitively demonstrated was amply documented as long being in Europe and the Ottoman Empire. Like your example of tree cultivation, all you're able to do is bring up an example of something everybody had.

>>18662031
Anon your own picture says most sources say he was from North Africa.

>>18662035
For the millionth time, inoculation was in major European cities by this time already. Istanbul is specifically mentioned. It is not a sub-Saharan invention.
>>
>>18662590
he was hiding his vast riches in that mud hut
>>
>>18663176
>Greece
It wasn't part of the West and I don't even think they practiced inoculation.
>most sources
They don't, the only source is Mather and he was pretty explicit about the ethnic identity of the servant... Sigh I'm arguing with an idiot that lacks basic reading comprehension skills
>inoculation was in major European cities by this time already.
It wasn't, the practice only became popular after it's success in New England.
In France it was still banned in the 1760s
>>
>>18663176
Also most papers actually says that Onesimus was West African (which is obvious)
>>
>>18663176
>which I've definitively demonstrated was amply documented as long being in Europe and the Ottoman Empire.
It wasn't, the Royal Society only heard about Ottoman method 8 years later didn't matter anyway Americans popularised the West African method in Europe and saved a lot lives in the process
>>
>>18663184
Actually it was hiding in a state treasury box that contained 400,000 ounces of gold that the British stole from Asante in 1874
>>
Chud coping that Black people taught Westerners inoculation lmao



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