Hundreds of oppida, with thousands of inhabitants, their own currency, and planned streets, were surrounded and burned by the legions. Those that weren't burned were abandoned and swallowed by the forest forever. The most painful loss is the Mead Halls, richly carved halls 30 to 40 meters high, where kings celebrated and poets sang. Because they were 100% organic, they only lasted 30 to 50 years without renovation. Not a single one remains standing, only marks on the ground. It's depressing. We don't see them today not because they were backward, but because they chose to build with the forest—and the forest burns
>>18718759No one cares, what good did having stone building give egyptians or indians.
>>18718759It doesn't help that the Romans were also compulsive liars.
>>18718759Btw continental celts had nothing to do with germanics in a European context. It's a myth, many were straight up narbonoid/iberian like
The Romans built a lot of shit out of wood as well. The same survivors bias clouds our memory of them. Amphitheaters, Temples, Houses. Most were wood or at least partly wood. Especially in smaller provincial towns. Celtbois aint special
>>18718771>continental celts had nothing to do with germanics in a European context.Did someone say they had them?
>>18718759It's better this way for quality of life since everything gets rebuilt every so often. Permanent structures encourage overcrowding because everyone is competing for the same acres of land for centuries. Everything just gets crammed in, and demolition is too infrequent.
>>18718767De bello gallico, tactitus’ germania were clearly propagandistic in their purpose. I was pointing out that these cultures were technically/culturally advanced in areas (metallurgy etc.) and discovering this makes Caesar's strategic characterisation of them even more interesting.
>>18718759Agree, as archeological work continues in the zone, the trascendence of these cultures in the area and the progress that sparked in all Europe will continue impressing us all. Their accomplishments on the field of metallurgy are just an example.
>>18718821In the 1st century BC, Bibracte had more than 30 000 inhabitants, protected by a huge stone wall of the "Murus Gallicus". Literally the the capital of the Aedui tribe in Eastern Gaul.
Artistic reconstruction of the fortified settlement of Vidua, near the Loire estuary (Loire Atlantique) around the 2nd century BC.
>>18718759in all Germanic countries was the giant longhouse with 5-20 attached cattle byres, but in England longhouses were never built. Why?
>>18718849Germanic longhouse, where men and cattle once lived under the same roof.
>>18718759Spanish Celts built using stone
>>18718926
>>18718928
>>18718932And it seems as Italian Celts also used stone
>>18718759British and Gaelic celts primarily used stone and earth to build, though.
>>18718760Ancient Indians did not even have stone buildings Indian nationalist retards literally show 500 year old Mughal era stone forts to compare with 3,200 year old Shang dynasty China as "proof" Chinese were primitive.While they don't show contemporaneous 3,200 year old Indian stone buildings or even just 2,300 year old Maurya era buildings.
>>18718937>>18718932>>18718926>Roundhouses
>planned streetsGood one, lol
>>18719106He's correct Tho. You should read more and cope less, dumb ass
>>18719106
>>18718760Saar, The large urban centres of the IVC date from the 3rd millennium BC (c.2600 BC)
>>18718967Hindutvas believe all mughal architecture is secretly ancient hindu architecture
How true is the idea that these guys were basically equal to the West-Africans?
>>18719209Quite true, the Europeans were lagging behind the most developed civilizations until capitalism and wage labor was stumbled upon there and replaced - highly inefficient - slavery. The west is losing its edge now because capitalism has spread around the world AND whypipo are rejecting it as they don't like that it produces unequal outcomes for the population.It's all about organization of production - the economic system - and natural resources (that's a part of productive capital), not haplogroups or whatever charlatanry.
>>18719209More advanced material culture than contemporaneous west africans
>>18719225Slavery was more efficient than free labour under normal market conditions though. Late 1850's southern US states were undergoing industrialisation and there were multiple cases of unprofitable factories being turned profitable by switching to slave labour, the dividends paid to investors were also higher if the labourers were slaves which indicates better financial condition across the board.
>>18718759what good is a big stone structure for the elite? much better many wooden houses for normal people.
>>18719225>uropeans were lagging behind the most developed civilizations until capitalism and wage labor was stumbled upon there and replaced - highly inefficient - slaveryJesse what the fuck are you talking about?There were centuries between the time slavery diminished in the early middle ages and the time "capitalism" emerged in the early industrial revolution, during which time Europe developed the printing press, sailed around the world, delved into the beginning of modern science and were certainly not "lagging behind the most developed civilizations".>wage labor was stumbled uponIt wasn't "stumbled upon", it had been around since civilization began pretty much. Only around 10% of the population were slaves, peaking at ~30% in the Italian peninsula under Rome which is an extreme example.
>>18719337>slavery diminished and then printing press was developed and we sailed around the world but it wasn't capitalism!!! It was magic!!!
>>18718759Whatever religion of the Druids was, it was transmitted orally and was probably surprisingly sophisticated.According to Julius Caesar>It is reported that they learn by heart a great number of verses in the schools of the Druids, and therefore some persons remain twenty years in training. They think it is not appropriate to write these oral teachings down, although in almost all other matters – both public and private accounts – they make use of Greek letters. I believe that they have adopted this practice for two reasons: they do not wish the teaching to become common knowledge and they do not want those who learn the teaching to rely on writing and, as a result, lose their skills in memorization. In fact, it does usually happen that reliance on writing tends to lessen the diligence of the student and ability to memorize. The cardinal principle which they teach is that souls do not die, but after death pass from one to another. They think this belief is the greatest incentive to courage, since the fear of death is thereby discarded. Besides this, they teach the young students about the stars and their movement, about the size of the universe and the earth, about the order of nature, and about the strength and powers of the immortal gods.This is one of the reasons to believe they were a Celtic parallel to the Brahmins of India or Magi of Persia and had a corpus possibly as vast and influential as Greek mythology or the Vedic literature of India. It’s very disappointing we will never get to read or hear a Druidic epic.
>>18719466Also given their parallels to other Indo-European priestly castes and the fact that it took them 20 years to memorize verses, I don’t think they were memorizing these verses in contemporary Gaulish or common Brythonic. I think it’s probable that the Druids had a specialized liturgical tongue dating back to the Celtic Iron Age (c. 8th century BC) or possibly even earlier, similar to other Indo-European poetic registers like Homeric Greek, Avestan, and Vedic Sanskrit.
>>18719225>>18719209Quite not true, retard
>>18719471>>18719466That's cool
>>18718759Meanwhile somewhere to the south…
>>18719960That's a nice civilization you have there. Shame if something were to... happen to it.
>>18719960I can easily imagine the beauty of the handful of marble temples was quickly offset by the miles and miles of reeking slums
>>18718759Celtic currency was coined by Greek immigrants. Celtic chiefs invited southern men to do the more mentally complex works. Celts and Northern Europeans were just too primitive and low iq back then.
>>18720045That’s not true
>>18720045They initially copied from itLike how greece initially copied near eastern architecture
>>18720086>>18720089>influencedOr Greeks migrated there as high iq labor for the local chiefs and kings. The exact thing happened during the reign of Charlemagne, he had to import Byzantine architects to make his manors and churches.
>>18719963Germniggers aren’t beating the nigger accusations anytime soon
>>18720089>>18720045Hey, you idiot, the architecture of temperate Europe dates back to the Bronze Age. The cities of Hallstatt developed locally.
>>18720110>Oh no! My imperium based on conquest of other cultures was conquered! Woe is me!You deserved it. And now you're degenerated second rate europeans, and that you deserve as well.
>>18718759>>18718822>>18718821>>18718835I have no idea if this comparison is accurate or not past the superficial resemblance, but Celtic, Germanic etc towns, architecture, and infrastructure always remind me of Indigenous American moundbuilder examples, though I don't think(?) any of those European population centers got as large as Cahokia.Are any anons informed on both Celtic, Germanic, Norse and Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian town planning and architecture and can comment on if if the similarity runs past just "they both had earthenworks and large wooden structures"? Some people may take this (especially the Cahokia comment, I imagine) as trying to dunk on these European groups, but I think both their and moundbuilder towns are neat, even if I'm not as into them as I am with cities the Greco-Roman world, Egypt, India, China, Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, the Andes etc, and I will also say that The Celts, Germanic groups, Norse etc had some frankly some astoundingly gorgeous examples of metal jewelry and armor I've seen. They, the Mesoamericans, the Sub-Saharan African societies that lived in simple villages but developed iron and steel smelting without ever inventing bronze etc are all great examples of how trying to judge the complexity of a society solely based on one variable like metallurgy or urbanism etc is reductive and misleading>>18718967Anon there is stone Maurya architecture literally on their Wikipedia article. Are those not actually from the Maurya period or something?https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_Empire#/media/File:Lomas_Rishi_entrance.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_Empire#/media/File:Ashokan_Pillar_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4361.JPGThere's also this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_Capital_of_Ashoka>>18718771Can you clarify on this?
>>18718926>>18718928>>18718932Gallaecians weren't Celtic. The Gallaecian language it's still pretty obscure to us because the corpus is very small, but the evidence points to being related to pre-Celtic Indo-European languages like Lusitanian and Vettonian. The archeological chronology of Gallaecian settlements also discards the Celtic origin theory, since the Castro Culture starts forming in the Late Bronze Age, before the Iron Age Celtic Migration into the Iberian Peninsula. Even if artistic motifs present in Gallaecian rock art looks similar to Celtic motifs, it didn't developed from it, but from the Atlantic Bronze Age Culture that extended from the mouth of the Tagus through the Atlantic Coast up to Southern England.
>>18720140I’m Irish you dumb germnigger
>>18720181>Gallaecians weren't CelticExcept they spoke a Celtic language, dressed with Celtic clothes, worshipped Celtic gods and shared a cultural link with Irish trought Milesians, who were Galicians.
>>18720145> the Sub-Saharan African societies that lived in simple villagesThis wasn't even true during the sub-saharan stone-age, much less the sub-saharan iron-age, which was quickly followed by the independent development of urbanism in the sahel (and though significantly later, farther south in places like Yorubaland); All niger-congo people descend culturally from the neolithic Tichitt tradition, which contained both proto-urban and notably stratified settlements.
>>18720252>Except they spoke a Celtic languageUnlikely, like I said, they probably spoke a pre-Celtic Indo-European language related to Lusitanian and Vettonian. Celtic languages didn't have words starting with P like Gallaecian, Lusitanian and Vettonian have, implying these languages diverged early on from the brach that would form Celtic>dressed with Celtic clothesWoolen and linen tunics like 99.9% of Europe at the time? Torcs that aren't in the same style as Celtic ones? By that logic even the Iranians were Celtic, since they wore tunics and torcs.>worshipped Celtic godsThere are some Celtic Gods present in the Gallaecian Pantheon, like Lugh/Lugo. But there are plenty others that aren't present in Celtic Pantheons, like Reves (the archetypical Sky/thunder God), Nabia, Bandua.>shared a cultural link with Irish trought MilesiansThe Milesians never existed, they are an invention by Medieval Irish chroniclers. Gallaecians shared a cultural link to the Irish, Bretons and other coastal people through the Atlantic Bronze Age Culture they devoloped from, not through Celtic migration into Gallecia.Here's what actual archeologists have to say about the "Celtic Question":>"The contestation, or at least the doubt, about the Celticism of the Gallaecian populations, which is dominant in the scientific community today, is based, first and foremost, on the impossibility of establishing any special link between the material culture of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula and the regions of the ethnic groups that are usually identified with the Celts." Almicar Guerra (1999).
>>18720302(cont.)>"On the one hand, archaeological data were not integrated with linguistic data; on the other, this evidence was challenged on the grounds that nothing Celtic appeared in the excavations." Xosé Armada Pita (2002)>"The central and northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula is traditionally considered part of the Celticized area, more influenced linguistically by the populations of Central Europe. However, little is known about how this influence occurred, traditionally explained by a supposed first wave of invasions by Hallestatian populations between the 9th and 7th centuries BC, an explanation that archaeology does not corroborate, making it possible that the Celticizing linguistic influence may have resulted from simple cultural contacts." Manuela Martins (Professor at the University of Minho) and Fernanda Magalhães (2021).The Gallaecians being Celtic isn't taken seriously in academic circles since the 60's. Perhaps you, oh wise one, have a brand new theory to explain how the Celts that migrated into Iberia in the VI century B.C. were the originators of a Culture that started forming in the last two centuries of the II millennium B.C..
