Cyrillic isn't more "Slavic" than latin - it's literally Bulgarian version of Greek alphabet. Greek isn't Slavic and Bulgarian is barely Slavic. There are literally no objective pros of using cyrillic. Meantime nations who are using it are worse in comparison to their latin counterparts by all metrics: from hiv to abortion to just being poorer.So, why keep it?
>izzat farming
>>544597030now type moscow 4k in jewtube
>>544597030Good thread, now wait as it gets filled with brownoidz and other steppe niggers with Mongolian admixture. Many such cases!
Language was a mistake. We need to go back. Ted was right but its not industrial society. Its society.
>>544597030>So, why keep it?For fear we might end up like ze jermans or God forbid le faguete
>>544597030Poolish people love feces, eating feces, living in them and unclogging the toilets with their hands and then eating that shit. Slurping that brown stuff. Worse than Indians.
>>544598747For you. Its Mr. POLISH, sir. Respect your betters
>>544597030RETVRN TO VINČA SCRIPT
>>544597030Polish language is extremely ugly when written. No one wants that to happen with their beautiful slavic language.
Based OP triggering the zigger jeets.
>>544597030u fucks not played MGS5 or read history book? Language is control. Language is key to imperialism. Russian empire has spent a lot of its time to russify its subjects. By dominating the Russian world culturally that way it's easier to control people. People don't like change, shit you have a sunk cost won't be removed without a lot of state effort. So it's not a bug, it's a feature.
Cyrillic script helps with development of left brain hemisphere, which is why russians are so good in STEM sciences and programming.
>>544597030Russia is the only Slavic country that currently possesses an active domestic space program, an independent satellite fleet, and a full nuclear weapons and civil-military nuclear program. I don't think it necessarily has to do anything with the alphabet itself. More with the fact that latinized slavs are innately docile, obedient and subservient to the west. They are just genuinely content with their roles as nations of prostitutes and toilet cleanears. Nothing wrong with that.
And they call us the butthurt belt, lel.
The cursive writing is mad.Like every doctor's handwriting joke in one.
>>544599436No one ever called Slovakia this though. Fico chad just proves again and again what Slovakia isn't part of these pariahs. Unless you a fag hiding behind foreign flag.
>>544599478Imagine russian's doctor handwriting.
>>544597030>Bulgarian version of Greek alphabetit's a version of protoslavic. latin was introduced as a way of dividing the slavic people
>>544598907In ww2 croatia was declared judenfrei before the Germans had even began getting stuck in
>>544599478>laughing in japanese>"cursive"Haha.
who else but a polish slave would advocate for the use of non native writing system. which, btw, is the reason why we dont understand each other. and you specifically adopted a retarded version of writing
Ataturk was wise to ditch the Arabic script and introduce the Latin alphabet during the state-building efforts of the modern secular state of Turkey. Reminder that the average Turk today will struggle with reading Ottoman Turkish from 300 years ago even if the text is transliterated from Arabic script to Latin script while Romanians have no issue reading Romanian from 500 years ago once the Cyrillic script has been transliterated to Latin script.
>>544597030>>544597138>>544597187all slavs are nonwhite third world shitholes on par with india
>>544599387>Russia is the only Slavic country that currently possesses an active domestic space program, an independent satellite fleet, and a full nuclear weapons and civil-military nuclear program.All that was made during USSR, when Russia had access to engineers that were using latin alphabet. Without kidnapped Germans, Balts and European satellite states, USSR would be what Russia nowadays: miserable shithole.>More with the fact that latinized slavs are innately docile, obedient and subservient to the west. They are just genuinely content with their roles as nations of prostitutes and toilet cleanears.There are no metrics on which you can base your opinion. Reality is that West Slavic countries are places to live and prospere on level beyond any cyrillic alphabet country. That's the matter of fact, not opinion.
>>544599517Cope. You’re basically just a Greek-Bulgarian Slav; your DNA has a higher percentage of Greek admixture than Poles’ does, and you use an alphabet created by a Bulgarian, or a Greek, for that matter. Poles have more Illyrian blood and a stronger influence from Latin culture, stemming from Rome, because we’re geographically closer to Italy. You’re a Greek.
>>544599387you couldn't make a proper microprocessor that's why we lost idiot stop with this advanced warfare bs
>>544598907Israel is based, Germany is an antiwhite cuck state that killed hundreds of millions of whites. Follow your tranny leader with a weird moustache and kill yourself.
>>544599749>the united states>entirely bluelol. lmao even
>>544599879Will trade a photo of US made chip with message in Russia for a rare AI generated anthropomorphic mouse.
>>544599749>spews anti-Slavic nonsense>pastes picrel>all Slavic countries who are using latin alphabet are blue
>>544597030Your shitty fake castle was built by German industrialists.Why are polish people so stupid?
>>544597030We use both, our language is adapted for both, also Slavs should use glagolithic
>>544599749This map is incorrect, there are copious amounts of arsenic across the USA and you can never ever drink that tapwater, not to mention you could be izzat farming, beaner posting or mystery meat spazzing mutt
>>544599387Only your Big Keyboard Kompleks makes you stick with Cyrillic. You are being ruthlessly exploited.
>>544599850>Illyrian blood>PolandYeah, not interacting with this delusional r1b haplogroup cope
>>544598747Orthodogs are capable of literally eating an ox cart worth of cadavers, deny they are eating cadavers, claim the pagans are spreading misinformation how christians eat human flesh, say they eat a little bit of flesh - an eucharist, educate everyone how putting a flesh of your god in your mouth is beneficial for your grace and holiness, show three verses in a Torah of independent translations how drinking a cadaver water 3 times a day keeps the satan away, find historical evidences from the 3rd century how relic of a saint is full of holy spirit so the more you drink of it the better for your soul, and by the time everyone else is gagging and puking in their mouth looking how orthodogs chew on mummified legs, the ox cart of cadavers will be picked clean of its content. And at the end they will just say there was no human flesh in the cart, literally 0 evidence of that claim, can't you see it's sparkling clean?
>>544600366you as a serb u are heavy greek. illyrians weren't that greek. you have literally levantine blood inside you
>>544600394>slovak flag triggered by slandering of polesWhen are you going back, Gzhegozh?At we know who is hiding behind slovak flag, seething at Russia all day every day.
>>544600213>Slavs should use glagolithicBasically cyrillic for hipsters. I see no reason why Slavs shouldn't just use what most white people are using. Latin alphabet is easly adaptable (even to Vietnamese) and trying to come up with something different is re-inventing the wheel.
>>544600532
>>544600532Everyone in my family carries Rh negative blood, so that statement is highly unlikely, plus I'm a montenigger, and you are not and never will be illiryan, lmao lol
>>544600559We adapted the use of both alphabets, you would need to figure out new letters for Russians and Bulgarians for your idea, like, š, đ, č, ć, ž..
>>544600622>and you are not and never will be illiryan, lmao lolYou have no idea about the origins of the Slavs. Without an Illyrian admixture, I wouldn't be any different from a modern-day Lithuanian; we both have Illyrian blood. You, however, have Arab/Anatolian blood, while I do not, because that Greek-Anatolian admixture arrived later. And here’s a piece of advice: don’t look at genealogy solely through the lens of haplogroups, because that doesn’t represent the full picture of your DNA.
>>544597030No ty bro
Ah and btw, the westeners will never look at you as one of theirs, regardless of your economics. And Russians, true they are currently poor and you can make fun of them for starting stupid wars, but there will never ever be a slavic (which is simply a language construct) country coming close to Russian achievements in science or literature/arts in general, and neither with even half the global impact they have (had)
>>544600673>you would need to figure out new letters for Russians and Bulgarians for your idea, like, š, đ, č, ć, žSomething that was already done centuries ago by west Slavs. Some quirks of Polish orthography (e.g. distinction between rz and ż) came from times when dinstinction between Polish and Ruthenian languages were blurry. I'm sure Ukrainians could start using latin alphabet with some Polish signs without any preparation. Russians could too actually.
>>544599261Good? Name Russian domestic OS? Or any notable software?
>>544597030>Chrząszcz>Szczęście>Bezwzględny>Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz>JUST LOOK HOW AMAZIG SLAVIC LATIN IS!
>>544597030Beer civilisation vs vodka civilisation.
>>544601221Aren't Poles the ones who invented vodka?
>>544600532Stop coping and shitting up every thread, I don't even believe you're Polish
>>544597030In the past you'd have had a point but in the present the latin alphabet world has done about as poorly if not moreso in many regards, so i can understand most of them going "Yeah, uh, no thanks.".
>>544601318Are you pretending to be an idiot, or are you actually one? Baltic Bronze Age + Illyrian = Polish. My Baltic component is stronger than yours, so I’m quite far removed from being Illyrian, though that doesn’t mean I don’t have some Illyrian admixture
>>544601418>>544601385>>544601353>>54460131>>544600532Serbs are also closer to Germans than Albanians genetically, despite last shared border ij the 7-10th century, and probably due to Vojvodina being about 25% German.VahaduoAdmixture JSdatasourcetargetdistancesinglemultiTarget: SerbianDistance: 2.1749% / 0.0217488551.2 German48.8 Albanianclear output cycles - 0.25xreduce - noadd dist col - noprint zeroes - noaggregate - yesadd bar chart - mode 1run allSerbian
>>544597030>by all metricsGood goyim civilisation vs bad goyim civilisation?
>>544599547>it's a version of protoslavicNope. The first slavic alphabet was glagolitsa. It was replaced by greek writing as slavic people who studied to read also studied greek, because back then there wasn't much slavic books to read. After all, they decid to write their language with grfeek alphabet instead. The only symbols from glagolitsa which came to cyrillic is probaly Ш and Щ.
>>544601418If it says "Serbia" there, does that mean the people living there at the time had your genetic profile, which is heavily Greek, or did they have more of my genetic profile, which is strongly Baltic with an Illyrian admixture? Tell me
>>544601491>>544601385>>544601353>>544601318>>544600532Serbs and Croats were the two West Slavic tribes that migrated to Balkans and conquered it, Bulgars were a Turkic tribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgars) whose Slavic admixture is predominantly from Serbs and Croats.Modern day Serbs and Croats are genetically a mixture of their respective Western Slavic tribes mixing with Paleo-balkaners, as well as Ukrainian migration to the BalkansBy doing so, they bleached the peninsula at their expense, since paleo-balkan and Anatolians were no different in how brown they are..(White means West geographically for Slavs)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Serbiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Croatia
>>544601531>>544601445>>544600749>Albanian in PolandThey're everywhere.There is no scientific or genetic evidence of significant Illyrian admixture in Poland. On a population level, the genetic profile of modern Poland is exceptionally homogeneous and heavily defined by the early Slavic expansion.The connection between Illyrians and Poland in genetic and historical contexts is actually the exact reverse: early Slavs from the region of Poland and Western Ukraine migrated south and left a massive genetic impact on the Balkans, not the other way around
>>544601138>Хжąшч>Шчэ̨cьцe>Бэзвзглęдны>Гжэгoж Бжэ̨чышчыкeвичI genuinely can't see any benefits.
>>544599547>>544601520Oh, and one more thing - same as cyrillic, latin is also another mutated version of greek. Just older version of greek.
>>544601318>>544601353>>544601385>>544601542
>>544599261>tsaar, independent researches from Lyapuov Institute proved that cyrilic script is very good for your brain
>>544601668>>544601318>>544601353>>544601385>>544601668Female team
>>544601520>The only symbols from glagolitsa which came to cyrillic is probaly Ш and Щ.You are wrong. You find the same symbols in the Coptic version of Greek, that is very far from the Slavic world! You also find the same symbols in the Hebrew script. And fact is that they come directly from the Demotic script of the ancient Egyptians
>>544601695>>544601668>>544601542>>544601385>>544601318School
>>544601609Agree. Polish is screwed beyond repair.
>>544601594Albanian derangement syndrome
>>544601668>>544601695>>544601736>>544601318>>544601491Kindergarten
>>544601758What kind of a pole would say he's Illyrian LOL? And look at the archive, there's a self-proclaimed Albanian in Poland.
Imagine giving (yous) to polejeets, couldn't be me
>>544601785Slavs in general tend to LARP ancient non Slavic ethnicities. Like 15 years ago they used to say i2 haplogroup was from the Illyrians and such.
>>544601785Average Polish person is 10% Balkan = IllyrianYou are 15% Greek, and Greeks have Anatolian blood
>>544601138I write like this and it's beautiful
>>544597030Latin is also a version of the Greek alphabet, why aren't you using that?
>>544601870Balkans here is south Slavic so half Slav already. Poles have like 5% Balkan and that is from Dacians, not Illyrians.
>>544601870No you're not, that's not what that means. Your connection to the Balkans is via us and Croats, see >>544601542It does not mean you have any Illyrian in you, just that you have a connection to it via us.We are 38% paleo-balkan as seen >>544601353 and that's mostly illyrian thracian and dacian. Actually braindead. You can see closest countries to Serbia maternally here >>544601318 and there are no Greek subclsdes in Serbia.
>>544601865No, that was Croats because they wanted to be anything but Slavs. No one sane wants to be associated with Illyrians Thracians or dacians.
>>544597030>>544601865>>544601859>>544601785>>544601765 (You)>>544601743>>544601609This is where literacy gets you as a race and civilisation
I just want to take a moment and say that slav infighting is the most soulful thing we have
>>544601996Bosnians, Croats and Serbs all did it and still do.
>>544602039No, we don't. But your Illyrian larping is even worse, since you claim and act as if you were the only Illyrian tribe, when there were hundreds of swarthy paleo-balkan tribes who got bleached by Slavic invasions.There are ofc Illyrian Serbs, and Illyrian admixture in Serbia, Croatia and Muslims. But there's also Slavic admixture and Anatolian admixture in Albania, and Slavic Albanians who'd probably cluster with Serbs and not Albanians. South Serbia is more Illyrian than Slavic.
>>544601785I have some Illyrian admixture; it’s not that I’m a textbook Illyrian. Without the Illyrian admixture, I would be more northern, closer to the Balts. You’re an imbecile if u dont get it. You pop up with a table showing genetic distance to an Illyrian, and you expect me to rank first, even though I’ve stated that I have Illyrian admixture as an addition to my Balto-Slavic genetic profile? Arguing with morons. Go suck some Russian sperm, they’ve got it all prepped for you, you Greek
>>544602121Not really as we speak an Illyrian descendant or closley related language.You are right, there are some Slavs left in Albania like Rigels Rajku.
>>544602226Dude, shut the fuck up. You are not a pole, and you're too low IQ to interpret what you're seeing. Use ai, since you're not intelligent enough. The only connection to Illyrians from Poles is via Serbs and Croats, it's the reason for the short distance, HOWEVER THAT DOES NOT MEAN YOURE ANY % ILYRIAN, that's not how that works! Use AI, go back to Albania and fuck off.>>544601594>There is no scientific or genetic evidence of significant Illyrian admixture in Poland. On a population level, the genetic profile of modern Poland is exceptionally homogeneous and heavily defined by the early Slavic expansion.>The connection between Illyrians and Poland in genetic and historical contexts is actually the exact reverse: early Slavs from the region of Poland and Western Ukraine migrated south and left a massive genetic impact on the Balkans, not the other way around>>544601594>The connection between Illyrians and Poland in genetic and historical contexts is actually the exact reverse: early Slavs from the region of Poland and Western Ukraine migrated south and left a massive genetic impact on the Balkans, not the other way around
>>544602323>Use AI, go back to Albania and fuck offYou can literally bully an AI into saying what you want
>>544597030I will be clear, I do not think cyrilic supperior to latin. Nor inferrior. I just don't like what arrogant scumbag you are. Nothing better than Russians.
>>544602285That does not mean Illyrian == Albanian, just like I can't claim other Slavic tribes are Serbian just because we are both Slavic. Poland isn't Serbian, Ukraine isn't Serbian, even though my ancestors are from Ukraine and neighbored modern Poland. I can't claim Russia, that's not how that works. You were a paleo-balkan tribe in what was called illyrium, but everyone else in the Balkans has that same admixture, especially in dalmatia and Montenegro. You are the closest match, but that's just due to the smallest amount of Illyrian.Again, being Illyrian thracian or dacian is not something anyone would ever be proud of, so I don't care to argue this. I'd much rather have 0% and wish my ancestors never left for Balkans. As I said, there was almost no difference between Paleo-balkaners and Anatolians before Slavic conquest
>>544602344Of course, but it is reliable if the prompt is right. My prompt is shown in the picture, and it is a neutral connection/leaning towards making it agree with the opposite of what it said. Claiming poles are Illyrian is such an absurd claim that this is the first time I'm reading it, and it's because the guy is literally Albanian
>>544602442>but that's just due to the smallest amount of Illyrian.Smallest amount of Slavic*
>>544597030> it's literally Bulgarian version of Greek alphabetyeah, and?so is latin. what's the fucking issue? we all write in english here, regardless. should the saudis also use latin even if they swim in oil money? your argument makes no sense. alphabet and language is what defines us. it was made by our guys specifically for our people. other slavic nations modified it for their needs as well. nothing wrong with that.> why keep it?why not. we're good.
>>544602442We probably descend from the Illyrians who lived in South Serbia, Kosovo and Macedonia. Hence why haplogroup E-V13 is so common despite it being Dacian. Dacians intruded into these parts.>Again, being Illyrian thracian or dacian is not something anyone would ever be proud of, so I don't care to argue this. I'd much rather have 0% and wish my ancestors never left for Balkans. As I said, there was almost no difference between Paleo-balkaners and Anatolians before Slavic conquestSo Bosnians, Slovenians and Croats are your superiors genetically considering they have less Paleo Balkan blood. And so are Poles, Ukrainains, Czechs and Slovaks.
>>544602481He is onto something. There is some Paleo-Balkan admixture in all Slavs but that is from Dacians. Putin for example has haplogroup E-V13. Except a few celtic clades it is pretty much all Dacian in Europe today.
>>544602530Bosnians is a regional term. Bosnian Serbs are the most slavic. Vojvodina Serbs have about the same as northern Croats in slavonia and central Croatia, while Dalmatia, Istria, Montenegro and Southern Serbia have the most.Slovenians are my superiors in every metric, lol, as they are yours, and as I am yours. The differences between Croatia and Serbia are regional, i.e. almost none between Slavonia and Vojvodina, Montenegro and Dalmatia, and republika srpska and Croatia. Southern Serbia is the exception and the worst, because it clusters closest to Albanians and Bulgarians, and is more paleo-balkan than Slavic.
>>544602570That's from Serb migrations to Russia and Ukraine throughout history, but everyone has almost everything, this is not particularly surprising.We had 2 different states in modern Russia, even as recently as 2 centuries ago. One called new Serbia. Again, poles have no connection to illyria, nor should they wish to.
>>544602625Bosnians Serbs have substantial Vlach admixture compared to Bosnian Muslims. Are the Bosnian Serbs inferior to Bosnian Muslims? If you put together all Serbian regions, and create an average it will have more Paleo-Balkan blood than all croat regions put together to an average.Do you admit, that the average Bosnian-Muslim and Croat is superior to the average Serb, on a genetic level?
>>544602698>>544602570https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Serbia_(historical_province)
>>544602521>yeah, and?>so is latin.That's the point: why keep both, when one proved to develop societies much better than another?
>>544602698No it is endemic to all Slavs. Dacians went far it seems. What do you think about this Montenegrin Serb leaer in new Serbia's pseudonymhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovan_Albanez
Northern Italians have more Illyrian blood than Albanians do. The entire Balkan region has an Anatolian admixture. There has been an influx of genes from Anatolia, everyone has it, just to varying degrees, and that includes Italians, especially those from the south
>>544597030
>>544602712They don't have substantial vlach admixture, just more than Bosnian Muslims. Bosnian Serbs are more Slavic than Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats.Bosnian Serbs are almost identical to Bosnian Muslims, and I don't care to tell you about the superiority or inferiority of someone almost genetically identical.>If you put together all Serbian regions, and create an average it will have more Paleo-Balkan blood than all croat regions put together to an average.Not if you include Herzegovina.>Do you admit, that the average Bosnian-Muslim and Croat is superior to the average Serb, on a genetic level?Croats, yes, Bosnian Muslims, no, since outside of Sarajevo they are less Slavic than Serbs outside of Vojvodina and Republika Srpska and central Serbia. They live in Montenegro and Southern Serbia too, which is where their Paleo Balkan peaks.. Bosnian Muslims and Serbs also have no Germanic, while Serbs do, so that's another reason.But we measure superiority in different ways, historical achievements and economic development (though not 1:1)
>>544602712>>544602887
>>544602887>Serbs outside of Vojvodina and Republika Srpska and central Serbia.Inside*
>>544602823They don't have Illyrian blood. It is just that their distrubution of bronze age era admixture resembles Illyrians more than that of Albanians. This is because we have additional Dacian, Anatolian and Slavic admixture.If you make a half Albanian half German he woud be closest to Serbs. He still has more Albanian and German blood than he has Serbian which would be none.
>>544602625> Southern Serbia is the exception and the worst, because it clusters closest to Albanians and BulgariansI'd say Southern Serbia is the best, kek.don't mind me, keep your mental gymnastics on who's the purest slav. it's entertaining.
>
>>544602823That's not even Illyrian, do you even know what illyria is? Now I'm thinking, maybe you're we wuzzing because you think Illyrian is something to be proud of.
>>544603063Best in what way? Swarthiest, least economically developed, a complete and utter dump>keep your mental gymnastics on who's the purest slav. it's entertaining.You're more Paleo-balkan and Anatolian than Slavic (>>544601353), that's not the case for Serbs and Croats, especially in Vojvodina and Bosnia. You're also not a Slavic tribe, but a Turkic tribe (>>544601385 and >>544601542), and your Slavic admixture is from Serbs and Croats. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgars)
>>544603184>>544603063
>>544602887No, Bosnian Muslims are more Slavic.>Not if you include Herzegovina.If you do it based on population density yes. Bulgarians are more accomplished than Serbs in everything tho too and they are less Slavic.
>>544599749>jhwtp
>>544603242Nope, Bosnian Muslims (as a whole) are less Slavic than Bosnian Serbs, since they live in southern Serbia and Montenegro too, and not just Sarajevo. The entire western half of Bosnia is Bosnian Serbs, southern Croats.
>>544602823That Serb is an idiot, I swear, a genetic illiterate. We have no Illyrian admixture (which is why we practice Catholicism and instead use the Latin alphabet). Illyrian ancestry is closely linked to an "Italic" component, a pure strain, free from the Levantine admixture that only appeared later, during the Roman Empire and its conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean. He talks about Serbian migrations to the north without even knowing when the Illyrians or Thracians lived, we’re talking about the Bronze Age here. People who lived in that region, Celto-Illyrians, migrated through the Moravian Gate, and they shaped the genetic makeup of the populations that would later become the Slavs. Our identity is deeply rooted in the Moravian Gate and the cultural migrations that flowed from there, from Catholicism to the Latin alphabet. That is the source of what we recognize as Polish today. Meanwhile, Greece and the Thracians influenced the genetic and cultural profile of the Eastern Slavs, bringing with them the Cyrillic alphabet and Greek Orthodoxy.
>>544599897literally every case of bad water was due to a black mayor>>544600053poland is a third world indian shithole. literally all you do is clean toilets and you don't have indoor plumbing>>544600299I'm White, you brown turk. We have clean water. your water is shittier than mexicos. you aren't White. no one has ever considered you subhumans White>>544603245nope. all White people hate slavs. White men banned slavic immigration into the US and a kike undid it because slavs aren't White.
>>544603242LOL! In everything? They are in the EU and barely ahead of Serbia in anything, and were poorer than Vojvodina and central Serbia for the entire 20th century.Currently, they have a lower IHDI (human development index) than Serbia despite being in the EU
>>544602774> societies much better than another?better how?we had guys in space with USSR, you know. we were making computers, too. education was good, urbanization was good, food was good, no niggers, no crime, no homeless, no faggots, no drugs, no wars.how is modern western society any better? more printed money? bitch please..
>>544603365Those are sandzaklija who are like 200k people, and are not even considered bosnian by proper bosnians due to being albano-serb hybrids.They are not Bosnian in the regional sense either and were only briefly a part of the Bosnian eylaet.
>>544603392>He talks about Serbian migrations to the north without even knowing when the Illyrians or Thracians lived, we’re talking about the Bronze Age here. People who lived in that region,Now you're larping as Italians and admitting you have no Illyrian after lying about it earlier? It doesn't matter when they lived, since Serbs and Croats mixed with those people's offsprings and thus carry those same subclsdes, genes and so on. I don't even understand the point of your larping, my dude. You're Slavic, Baltic and germanic.
>>544603415In science, warfare, empire, states they are more accomplished. On all the HDI rankings I find online they are above you too. Even though I would not really call that an accomplishment. Norway has a higher hdi than Russia but Russia is way more accomplished, at least using the metrics I defined.
>>544603421>we were making computersYou need to stress how you were the leading east-block country in computer science. Punching above your weight in physics, chemistry and math as well.
>>544603428They are Bosnian, lol. It's what they identify as and what they're called. What if I said southern Serbs aren't Serbs, but mutts? It wouldn't change anything, and they're actually well received in Bosnia.>200kNo, it's around 400k outside of Bosnia, which is 20% of them. Again, look at the Slavic admixture map and the ethnic map of Bosnia.
>>544603504I’m not LARPing as an Italian. I wouldn’t want to, because I lack the Levantine blood that all of you in Southeastern Europe possess. You were flooded with Anatolian sperm, and now, whenever I point out the connection between early Balto-Slavs and the Illyrians, who shared a genetic profile similar to that of the Italic Etruscans (before the Anatolian admixture), you get all butt-hurt that I’d dare show you this using genetic calculators
>>544603645But there are way more southern Serb, and mainland Serbs in general than there are sanjakis. And there are barely any of these herzegovinans you speak of who are super high slavic.
>>544603732No, there are not more southern Serbs than there are Bosnian Muslims outside of Bosnia, it's roughly the same percentage (20%). Again, were talking ethnicities here, not political entities. Serbs were the majority in Bosnia until 1961.
It comes from St. Cyril of Greece who travelled to Russia early on and gave them their alphabet, based on the Greek alphabet. It is that way because St. Cyril was early to Russia. It works the same way as when the French were first to Vietnam. Way in far off Indo-China they use a language based on what the Romans created. Hats off to Rome and their eternal influence on our lives.
>>544601385Not belonging to Haplogroup i1shiggy
Cyrillic looks to me like some freaking space alien language to me...only japanese looks funkier.
>>544603662You're delusional. I don't know why you'd be proud of such a connection, either way, so I don't care to argue. You posted a map that has nothing to do with Illyrians earlier, so I'm assuming you're just clueless
>>544603770All flat earthers aka real scientists
>>544603831>>544601385That's not i1, but the ancestor clade of both i1 and i2. It means they both branched from the same ancestor. Any E is more related to any other E than to any J or R or I, and so on...We do actually have i1 at around 8%
>>544603549They're not more established in science. They've had lower Pisa scores since the establishment. They have no known scientists like Tesla, Pupin, Milanković, Mileva Marić, and so on.We are gods at sports, best basketball player (Jokić), best tennis player, winning waterpolo European Championships, best CS go player (niko, Bosnian Serb), top 10 Fortnite players, another top 3 basketball player is half-serb half-slovene.>WarfareThey lost every recent war except for when they allied with us and Greece.HDI isn't what IHDI is, IHDI is more accurate since it represents the average person.
>>544603890>You posted a map that has nothing to do with Illyrians earlier, so I'm assuming you're just cluelessI didn’t make it. It was made by people who have more knowledge about European genetics than you do. You can piss on it, smear it with shit, you can act like a pejeet, that’s your business.
>>544603953Pretty uncommonIm an anglo i
>>544603991>best basketball player (Jokić)
>>544603818None of this is true btw
>>544604005It's not a map that measures distance to some Illyrian sample, but distance to Roman Republicans.
>>544597030lada mogg any shgoyda rust buckets
>>544604078As is obvious, any southern European will cluster closer to it, even if they have no such blood in them.The distance between Austria and Serbia is 0.036, I don't go around larping as Austrian.
>>544604146>any southern European will cluster closer to it, even if they have no such blood in them.The more of anything else you have, the less you will cluster. It doesn't mean you have any such blood in you. Even the Albanian explained this simple concept to you.
>>544599478made ponderdo russians have more kino signatures just because their cursive is so retardedly expressive
>>544604078During the Iron Age, northern and central Italy and the western Balkans shared the same genetic profile: Illyrian. I still maintain the view that the modern population closest to the Illyrians is that of Northern Italy
>>544604227lmao
>>544603991>We are gods at sports, best basketball player (Jokić), best tennis player, winning waterpolo European Championships, best CS go player (niko, Bosnian Serb), top 10 Fortnite players, another top 3 basketball player is half-serb half-slovene.Also one of the best female volleyball teams that won consecutive European Championships like 5 times.For a small country, there's no one more successful in popular sports than Serbia, and then also Croatia (they're good at football for their size, and also waterpolo)
slavs, stop fighting. you are all equally brown subhuman nonWhite third world kike jeets
>>544604353You're not understanding the basic concept that even the Albanian does.>While your perspective aligns with common observations from older or raw global autosomal distance models (like certain G25 setups), recent high-resolution archaeogenetic studies have clarified the exact genetic relationship between ancient Illyrians, modern North Italians, and modern Balkan populations.>The idea that North Italians are the closest modern population to ancient Illyrians is partially true in terms of overall autosomal "pseudo-closeness," but genetically misleading regarding actual direct lineage and continuity.>If you run a basic Euclidean genetic distance calculator (like Global25 or IllustrativeDNA), Northern Italians frequently plot very close to, or even right on top of, Iron Age Western Balkan (Illyrian) samples. However, geneticists attribute this to statistical drift and unrelated ancestral mixtures rather than direct descent>The West Eurasian Cline: Both ancient Illyrians and modern North Italians share a similar broad ratio of Early European Farmer (EEF) and Western Steppe Herder (WSH) ancestry>The Slavic Shift: Modern Western Balkan populations (such as Croats, Serbs, and Bosnians) experienced a massive genetic shift during the 6th–7th century due to Slavic migrations, which brought heavy Northern European-like ancestry. This pulled modern Balkanites "northward" on PCA plots>The Italian Exception: Northern Italy did not receive significant Slavic input, nor did it receive the heavy post-Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean/North African admixture seen in Southern Italy. Because Northern Italians remained relatively stable on the European genetic cline, they mathematically "mirror" what Central Europe and the Northern Balkans looked like before the Slavic migrations.
>>544603421>we had guys in space with USSR, you know. we were making computers, too. education was good, urbanization was good, food was goodHad. Were. Was.Let's separate Russia from rest of cyrillic users for sake of these users. Russia itself is objectively worse than worst places in western world (as much hiv and anal rape as San Francisco, as much murders and abortions as Harlem etc.), without any, literally any pros to make up for being poor in purely material sense.Most of European cyrillic users aren't as bad as Russia, but still not as developed as latin users. Like:>no niggers, no crime, no homeless, no faggots, no drugsYeah, we have that too (or rather lack of), because despite what Russian propaganda tells you, no matter how many fag parades there are in Warsaw, homosexuality is still much more prevelent in east side of Slavic world.Other than that we have higher standards of living and more money. Also our environment is better maintained because there's less corruption in here. And this:>no warsWe are peaceful. While there's a war between two cyrillic countries going on, right next to us.
>>544599261If this were real the chinese should be time travelling and space warping by now since they use tens of thousands of characters. Cyrillic alphabet is just 30 different shaped letters
>>544603991Tesla is only known because of Elon Musk's cars, though. kek.nobody knows who those other "serbian scientists" are. no, i'm not going to google them.
>>544604462>kike jeetsWe skipped one, which one is it? Why, that's right, Muslim! Back to your shithole, you will go!
>>544604799the US is the only first world country, shitskin
>>544604782Everyone with a brain knows Pupin and Milankovic, sorry for your lack of intelligence. Milankovic's work is cruical and the pillars of our understanding of climate change.Tesla was one of the most well known scientist before Tesla cars even existed or got popular ( 2010s), and called the smartest man that ever lived by almost all of his peers like Einstein (whose wife was Mileva Marić and also Serbian)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihajlo_Pupin
>>544599547SPQR, sclavaenus!
>>544604538Are Northern Italians, de facto, Illyrians? It’s unclear, but they are the closest relatives to the Illyrians among all European peoples. Your Serbian genetic profile has acquired a Greek admixture-one that has skewed your profile to such an extent that Northern Italians actually appear closer to those ancient Illyrians than you do. My point is that genetic calculators detect an "Illyro-Italic" component that matches my own profile; that is where I look for the source of my southern admixture-not in some Serbian ancestor who arrived five centuries ago and had descendants. How absurd is that?
>>544604944You're so dumb, it's unbelievable, you're looping around the same misunderstanding of a basic concept.
>schizo pseudopatriotic pole spammer meets the schizo pseudopatriotic vojvodina spammersovl
>>544605027Are you still going to insist that I don’t have any Illyrian admixture, even though you can see that I do according to several calculators? So, I don’t have any at all, is that what you’re saying?
>>544599749Why would you even drink water when you have sprite
>>544605088Again, this does not mean you have Illyrian admixture - in fact you don't, it just means that when you compare it to something like levantine, fenno-uralic, Caucasian, continetial Celtic, insular Celtic, Greek and so on... you'll have a smaller distance to Illyrians and Greeks, BECAUSE OF SERBS AND CROATS... It doesn't mean you have any Illyrian blood, certainly not 16%! >The connection between Illyrians and Poland in genetic and historical contexts is actually the exact reverse: early Slavs from the region of Poland and Western Ukraine migrated south and left a massive genetic impact on the Balkans, not the other way around >>544601594>>544601542
>>544600134Yeah they rebuilt it in a year lmao not fake at all
If you want to wewuzz as picrel, go ahead. At least, if it were ancient Greeks or Romans, I'd understand. But you're wewuzzing as a complete shithole .
>>544604568> Had. Were. Was.yeah. USSR lost the Cold War and we fell under heavy western influence. shit got worse since then in many ways. more printed money though. > Russia itself is objectively worse than worst places in western worldyeah, I could tell you're a shill. there was no need to spell it for me.> we have higher standards of living and more moneymore printed money, yes. mostly from Germany/EU gibs as they own 50% of your economy.as for the standards of living: everyone has higher standards of living now compared than 35 years ago: the West, the East, China, Russia, Japan, etc, etc. we don't count war torn countries like Ukraine and middle East, ofc.
This is the gayest thread ever.
>>544605667I forgot what the thread is even about. The answer is simple: the effect of the Catholic church being on your side, especially in the context of medieval Europe.
>>544601283Probably, but Czechs and Germans civilised us. For Germans, maybe the only positive thing about their existence is the low% alcohol culture, so they don't die from organ failure in their 60s.
>>544604886> climate changeoh, wow... > sorry for your lack of intelligenceit's lack of serbian "education", I'm afraid. a very common thing outside Serbia, lol.
>>544605322Don't you understand that a pure Illyrian sample didn't contain a single gram of Balto-Slavic ancestry? What does that have to do with you Serbs and Croats? I’m talking about a pure Iron Age Illyrian sample here. If I were checking whether I’m closer to you—a Serb or a Croat—or to a Bronze Age Illyrian, then your Balto-Slavic admixture would matter, and you’d be closer to me. Do you think this Illyrian sample is the same as a modern-day Albanian? Albanians have a massive amount of Anatolian admixture that the Illyrians didn't have; they are completely different today
>>544605737After the fall of the byzantine empire and the Serbian empire, the only Orthodox country with any meaningful influence was Russia, and Russia could not compete against the entirety of the Catholic church, nor did it have the same the funds or conditions for other things downstream from that like education and enlightenment
>>544599387big bro makes a good argument though. these are some valid points.
and Thracians are Illyrian+Greek
>>544597030Kinda is like a nuissance.
>>544605811I do understand, I'm just explaining what your only actual connection is outside of your pic. In terms of what you posted, I already explained. Its using overfitting and the distance is completely unrelated. You're comparing it to Turkics, Caucasians, insular Celtics, Greeks, continental Celtics and fenno-uralics.The argument has to throw SOME PERCENTAGE. Just like if I were to compare Serbs to Albanians and Germans, I'd get 51% German, it doesn't mean I'm 51% German. If I added Illyrian, excluded Albania and Germany, and then also a bunch of other unrelated ones, I could reach 90% Illyrian VahaduoAdmixture JSdatasourcetargetdistancesinglemultiTarget: SerbianDistance: 2.1749% / 0.0217488551.2 German48.8 Albanianclear output cycles - 0.25xreduce - noadd dist col - noprint zeroes - noaggregate - yesadd bar chart - mode 1run allSerbian
>>544606173Algorithm* I didn't sleep in like 30 hours
>>544604886Climate change hahahahahahahahaha
>>544605607>USSR lost the Cold WarBecause USSR fucking sucked.>more printed money, yes. mostly from Germany/EU gibs as they own 50% of your economy.Why won't you have more of these printed money? What's stopping you?Also, since 2004 Poland received something above 200billion of UE gibs. That's 10+ billlion annually.Poland's annual gdp is more than 1trillion.
>>544605817Especially as the Orthodox faith did not exist after 1440 Council of Florence.There is no Orthodoxy its just schismatics and rebels against Rome.
>>544597030Latin=soullessCyrillic=SOVL
>>544606244>>544605803>climate change>oh, wow...>Midwits entered the chat because popscience is all they knowYes, just not in the way you think. His research provided a formula for changes in Earth's movement and orbit, and connected it to natural changes in temperature and climate, explained why the ice age happened and provided a formula for future natural changes of the climate. It has nothing to do with the meme climate change
>>544597030Cyrillic languages that assign context with alternate spellings instead of through position in the sentence are pretty retarded. proximity is clearly a better method for assigning context to a word and prevents two closely related words from (at least allowably) getting put on opposite sides of the thought
>>544606364>>544606244>>544605803This is taught in high schools everywhere for the record, just a reflection of your low IQ and lack of intelligence. It's a crucial thing that's applied in history, human evolution, as well as modern climate change.
>>544606414>>544606414>lack of intelligenceEducation*Again, didn't sleep for 30 hours, if not 40
>>544606364The earth is flat, immovable and much larger than you thihkm and the sun has a grand cycle that moves over the face of the earth, the grand procession. Every 2150 years it moves a good chunk and freezes previously inhabitable areas and makes habitable previously frozen areas.You're the fucking midwit lmao
>>544597030Fascinating stuff, anon. I’m happy for you/sad that that happened. However, have you taken a moment to consider the following:>DostoyevskyPolish>TchaikovskyPolish>TarkovskyPolish>TsiolkovskyPolish>StravinskyPolish>ShostakovichPolish>RostropovichPolish>SikorskyPolish>Puzhitsky (https://youtube.com/shorts/4lkmNR_WU5M?is=71AXCWW2fQwNWGE-) “My last name is Polish.”Polish>Most Russian -sky surnames except Mussorgsky and Stanislavsky (curious that he took for a pseudonym the only Polish name, Stanislaw, that took off in other countries and the ROYAL Polish -ski)Russified Polish -ski surnames>Most Russian -vich surnamesRussified Polish -wicz surnamesI know, anon. I know.>You’re we-wuzzingThat’s fair, anon. That’s fair. However, the fact remains that all those guys trace their lives back to the ballsacks of Catholic Polish men. Also, on a related note: the computer was invented in Ukraine.
>>544606173>>544605811The genetic distance between poles and ancient Illyrians is 0.1316Anything beyond 0.5 - 0-6 is completely unrelated
>just use ten thousand diacritics and digraphs instead of proper letters like a good little papist slaveSorry, but not falling for your tricks, Gojslav Zydosczyszcyczyzcikyiwiecz.
>>544606594Again, Illyrians were absolute subhumans, and you can see how it affected Slavs with actual Illyrian admixture in a very negative way, so no idea why you chose to larp as such, but it seems you thought Romans were Illyrians due to your misunderstanding, so that's probably why. Be happy you are what you are, you don't want to switch places. Just look at Albania.
>>544597030Polish alphabet isnt cyrillic you jeet faggot like lmfao even
>>544606627There is no Orthodoxy after 1440. Read on the Council of Florence. The Emperor of Constantinople and the Patriarch of Constantinople and the clergy and the nobles signed Orthodoxy away.
>>544606275> Why won't you have more of these printed money?I do. My country does as well. It's a smaller country, so of course we get less than others but we do get a lot of printed money as well.> Poland's annual gdp is more than 1trillion.I know. good for you. that makes you very happy, it seems.
>>544606333yes!checked and approved.
>>544602017No, I blame antibiotics.
>>5446065940.05%*
>>544606538-ski is the standard ending of Russian adjectives or surnames. It is not only Polish.
>>544597030alphabet is connected to side chosen by slavic rulers 1000 years ago - west slavs chose Rome east slavs Byzntium
>>544597030>There are literally no objective pros of using cyrillict. Grzegorz BrzęczyszczykiewiczSimple use of ш, ч, ђ, ћ, њ, ж, ч alleviates this mental illness.>Meantime nations who are using it are worse in comparison to their latin counterparts by all metricsAnd yet the only Slavs that made something of themselves instead of being a coquered shithole that jerks of to the good old days and how everything could have gone differently are the Russians.
>>544606688We have two different perspectives. You claim I’m Albanian simply because I mention the Illyrians, equating the Illyrians with modern-day Albanians, perhaps influenced by the political situation in the Balkans or certain nationalist views. I, on the other hand, see an Illyrian admixture, but I do not equate it with an Albanian one. As I pointed out in my previous posts, the genetic profile closest to that of the Illyrians (excluding any Greek ancestry) is actually found among Northern Italians; that is where I look for the origins. Regardless, it’s not that important, I’ve spent enough time poring over G25 calculators and genetic maps to discern a subtle "Etruscan-Italic-Illyrian" admixture. It could even be a "Roman Iron Age" admixture, which might explain why we see Catholicism and the Latin alphabet in Poland, rather than Greek Orthodoxy and the Cyrillic script. Essentially, there were different cultural sources for the West and East Slavs, as well as different channels for cultural exchange: for the East Slavs, it involved the Thracians (a genetic blend of Illyrian and Greek, to put it simply), while for the West Slavs, it came via the Moravian Gate, through the Czech lands and into Poland, from Italy and the continental Celts. I’m not going to change my mind, and neither are you. There’s no point in arguing; we’re both convinced that we’re right.
>>544608204modern greek, beacuse modern greeks have anatolian blood
How does a slav get filtered by Cyrillic, is it a side effect of Catholicism?
>>544606538Btw all famous "Poles" were born in the Russian Empire/USSR.
>>544608204>>544608278I'm not even going to read that, dude. You have no relation to Illyrians, nor did I equate it with Albanians, I actually said very early on that they larp with it as well - that's the equation I made, only an Albanian would wewuz and larp about such backwards people.You have no relation. The algorithm uses overfitting. It doesn't mean any of them have any such blood, it was already explained to you. It has to throw a percentage out of a bunch of unrelated samples. If I put Serbian as target, and added Chinese and Illyrian, I'd be 99% as suchThe distance between Poland and the ancient Illyrian sample is 0.1316. the distance between Serbia and Austria is 0.036. Anything beyond 0.06 is unrelated.
>>544608607>The distance between Poland and the ancient Illyrian sample is 0.1316. the distance between Serbia and Austria is 0.036. Anything beyond 0.06 is unrelated.If my distance to a pure WHG representative is [check picrel], does that mean I have no WHG admixture? Can you determine whether someone has a particular admixture based only on this distance? Well, it turns out I do, an average of 16% WHG admixture, despite such a massive distance to the reference sample
Hey Slavs, can you temporarily pause your bickering a bit? Take a look at this first. Here's my suggestion for a standardized Latin Slavic alphabet and its equivalent letters in Cyrillic (as well as their IPA values to avoid confusion):Aa = Aa [a]Ee = Ee [e]Ii = Ии/Ii [i]Oo = Oo [o]Uu = Уy [u]Yy = Ыы/Ии [ɨ]Ęę = Ѧѧ [ẽ] (1)Ǫǫ/Ąą = Ѫѫ [õ] (1)Ŭŭ = Ъъ [ɤ] (2)Pp = Пп [p]Bb = Бб [b]Ff = Фф [f]Vv = Bв [v]Tt = Tт [t]Dd = Дд [d]Kk = Кк [k]Gg/Hh = Гг [ɡ~ɣ~ɦ]Hh/Xx = Хх [x]Ss = Cc [s]Zz = Зз [z]Cc = Цц [t͡s]Зз = Ss [d͡z] (3)Šš = Шш [ʂ]Žž = Жж [ʐ]Čč = Чч [t͡ʂ]З̌з̌ = Џџ [d͡ʐ] (4)Śś = Щщ [ɕ] (5)Źź = Җҗ [ʑ] (5)Ćć = Ћћ [t͡ɕ] (6)З́з́ = Ђђ [d͡ʑ] (6)Mm = Mм [m]Nn = Hн [n]Rr = Pp [r]Řř = Ꝑꝑ [r̝~ʐ] (7)Ll = Лл [l]Łł/Ww = Ўў [w] (8)Jj = Йй/Jј [j]Jj/ ' = Ьь [ʲ] (9)(1) For Polish(2) For Bulgarian (3) For Macedonian, Polish and Belarusian, but can be slightly useful for other Slavic languages as well(4) For Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, and Polish, but can be very useful for other Slavic languages as well(5) Mostly for Polish, but also for the Montenegrin dialect of Serbo-Croatian, plus Russian to some extent (6) For Polish and Serbo-Croatian (7) For Czech, but also for Polish(8) For Polish and Belarusian, but can also be useful for other Slavic languages as well(9) For palatalizating consonants, in Slavic languages where "soft" consonants exist ****************So Slavs, what do you think? And are there any letters I missed? P.S.: Sorry for the Plebbit-spacing. Also, thread theme:https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zXKLta6XOsM
>>544608821Again, you have no Illyrian admixture, flip-flopped between admitting you don't and delusionally claiming you do, and most importantly, provided no evidence for such a claim - the algorithm uses overfitting and does not mean anything. I can enter German and Albanian, and end up with 51% German, because Serbs are more related to Germans than to Albanians. You added unrelated peoples, so the overfitting algorithm goes spastic and shits out numbers.You also posted a completely unrelated map when you were speaking of Illyrians, so my conclusion is that you want to larp as such because you don't even know what it means or is..I am not entertaining this argument any longer. You are the first Pole I've seen to even make such a claim, and I don't think any Pole would be proud of that.Illyrians were subhumans, not Romans and not Ancient Greeks. Their description is best seen here >>544605524VahaduoAdmixture JSdatasourcetargetdistancesinglemultiTarget: SerbianDistance: 2.1749% / 0.0217488551.2 German48.8 Albanian
>>544608530>Rossiya annexes Polsha>All the Greats suddenly have Polish surnamesSeems like a skill issue, Dima. The -ovs and -ins should’ve worked harder.>Were all born in RussiaRussia came to them.
>>544609191I’m done; reading your posts makes me feel like I’m regressing. You know nothing about Europe’s genetic gradients. This "2-way" model, using a German and an Albanian reference, actually encompasses all the genetic components present within you. A 2% genetic distance is quite small, which is essentially the point. After all, you carry both Celtic and Balto-Slavic ancestry, derived from the Corded Ware culture, and the German sample contains these same components. I have some Illyrian admixture, and you won't change it. Im out if this thread
>>544597030>Why won't all Slavs just use cuckold ZOG alphabet?
>>544606538>>Dostoyevsky>PolishDostoevsky's paternal ancestors were part of a Russian noble family of Russian Orthodox Christians. The family traced its roots back to Aslan Chelebi-Murza, who defected from the Golden Horde and joined the Russian side in 1389, eventually converting to Christianity from Islam. A few centuries later, another ancestor of Dostoyevsky, Danilo Irtishch, was granted lands in the Pinsk region (for centuries part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, now in Belarus) in 1509 for his services under a local prince, his progeny then taking the name "Dostoevsky">Tchaikovsky>PolishHis great-grandfather, a Zaporozhian Cossack named Fyodor Chaika, served in the Russian military at the Battle of Poltava in 1709
>>544609942Um, are you sure you're replying to the right person?
>>544597309But you are already here
>>544610094And they were both Polonized, applied the szlachta -ski to their surnames, became Polish nobles, and were raised by Polish mothers for centuries before undergoing Russification and becoming Russians.
>>544609133go fuck yourself
>>544610749Why such a violent reaction? Bruh; it's just a standardized Latin transliteration proposal, no need to take this much offense about it.
>>544610094There were many defections back and forth - notably during Targowica many noble Commonwealth families realigned to Russian tsardom and became Russian nobles.....ski ...cki etc are traditional polish szlachta (knight level) titles - but that does not mean they felt in anyway Polish.
>>544597030I hope you get run over by Germany and Russia again, this time harder
Poland cucked out and used Latin alphabetSAD
>>544612026Yes, they would rather have 50 diactrics and weird spelling exceptions rather than alphabet that was designed for the sounds of their language
