https://www.ft.com/content/ebd3244a-9120-4773-b55f-41df77f60c93>Japan is months from running out of yttrium as China squeezes supply, and yttrium oxide prices outside China have risen 179-fold in two years, the Financial Times reports.>Yttrium oxide costs $1,150 per kilogram outside China, compared with $9 inside it.>Shortages could emerge as early as the end of this year unless Beijing changes tack or Western allies find substitutes or build additional stockpiles.>Tokyo has asked the US to push China to ease its rare earth export controls.>Yttrium is used to coat engines and the plasma-etching chambers used to make chips, while US defence supply chains rely on Japanese components that contain it.How fucked are we?
>>546208363Ok Chang
>>546208363It's pretty nuts that Japan imports almost everything. Even worse than Australia.
>>546208363Honestly, 99.9999% of this shit would be solved if the USA just mined Alaska. A couple of strip mining setups in the state is all that would be needed.
>>546208363>Yttrium oxide costs $1,150 per kilogram outside China, compared with $9 inside it.you could make $300k a year just flying from china to japan every day with 2kilos of whatever the hell yttrium is in your baggage
>How fucked are we?Japan is extreeeeemely fucked,According to diplomatic sources the Japanese have been desssssperate to arrange for Xi toi visit Japan and hoping their prime minister could give him concessions.The Japanese government has even sponsored certain events recently, which I can't disclose, which if meant to open up dialogue and productive discourse.Shit is real. Not israel, but REAL.
>>546208875So we have Yttrium deposits there then?
>>546208676Australia imported prisoners to start their country. I think they win this one.
>>546208363It's very interesting how USA and its vassals REALLY wants something from Russia, Iran, China but they can't get it even with usual bribes/sanctions/threats/tricks.So they're stuck because in their mind concessions to any of these countries is absolutely unacceptable, its out of the question completely, its fantastical.So they sit there and wait for a miracle to happen while trying again and again and again things that doesn't work and won't work.It's fascinating
>>546208914Australian/british espionage programs have attempted to reverse engineer China's secret processes, but it has been a mixed bag.The attempts to reverse engineer Chinese battery manufacturing process has 100% failed.The attempts to reverse engineer Chinese rare earths processes has had some results, but you are still far away. The bad news is the security in China has tripled up and we have been put on nooooootice.
Well AI strides are leading our economic future into tomorrowind
>>546209106>So they sit there and wait for a miracle to happenA former Danish prime minister had this as her motto by the way. They made a funny video montage where she repeats 20 different times "there will be a good solution tomorrow""there will be a good solution tomorrow""there will be a good solution tomorrow""there will be a good solution tomorrow"At 20 different events.
>>546208363I think China is making a mistake by squeezing American vassal states instead of squeezing the head of the snake and driving a wedge between the US and its vassals.
>>546209818Then Trump would blame china and they would look like victims, I think burgers fucked up international trade enough to curb globalism for the time being
>>546209982>Then Trump would blame china and they would look like victimsYeah, no. That might only work on Americans themselves, but nobody cares what Americans think anyway and in the meantime, their tech industry would get fucked while everybody else's advanced.
Last January China managed to reverse engineer the physical glass containers for Japanese photoresist.The leverages Japan holds over China have evaporated one by one.This is also why China has rejected the Japanese diplomats for now.There WAS 1 point in time ~2017~2024 when China was begging to buy this super special Japanese glass folded 1000 times, but China was likewise met with rejection.
>>546208363>>546209106The US wants Japan to be the Ukraine of Asia, but that's just not possible even without China strangling that plan before it can happen. Japan does not have the population or geography to do so. Somehow South Korea was spared that fate, probably because the US figured they're even worse off and will be rolled over by NK very quickly so it wasn't worth trying. The weird deformed freak they put in power immediately started working on antagonizing China to try to stir up jingoistic fervor in the population for a war but that failed horribly and is now backfiring. I'm not sure what the American plan is in Asia but it seems to be failing even worse than in Europe, though maybe not quite as spectacularly as in the middle east.
>>546210090more like germany in asia, ukraine is taiwan.
>>546208363We all are, fuckers produce so much rare earths. We have a massive deposit here in Cornwall but its not even being extracted because of idiot locals holding up the planning process for the last 15 years.
>>546208363>NOOO YOU HAVE TO SELL THE MATERIALS YOU NEED YOURSELF TO AMERIMUTT TERRORISTS BECAUSE UH YOU JUST HAVE TOOkay Tyrone
>>546209818>I think China is making a mistake by squeezing American vassal statesThis was inevitable. Years back when China had export controls on Usa due to the trade war. The Japanese would buy the Chinese Rare Earths and relay the Rare Earths to Usa.But China stopped all of these relays one by one from each country who decided to obey Usa in this manner, and here we are, China now has full export control, even the small traitors inside China are being snuffed out one by 1.By the way, the Chinese knows all the HongKong terrorists were trained in Oslo, the Brits backstabbed you and told them.
>>546208363You will find some other method to work without Yttrium....end of story.
>>546210090>Somehow South Korea was spared that fate, probably because the US figured they're even worse off and will be rolled over by NK very quickly so it wasn't worth trying.Biden tried in his final days in office.But the South Korean glowniggers stalled the Mutt glowniggers.
>>546208363>Jews in america beat you into submission and make you bow with your bare ass in the air to China ManKek it's real
>>546208363>get into fight with China>China makes shit we need>doesn't find an alternative before starting said fightI get that Takaichi had an election to win, but this was all so avoidable and was bound to hurt Japan.
>>546210243Yttrium is often used as a control for ppm/ppb ICP because it's not in anything normally.
Where does the arrogance of Japanese net-uyoku that the Empire of Japan can still dominate the rest of Asia come from? China is at least a second-world country (literally) not a third world country. Japan literally has no achievable goals against China. Why not go to ASEAN?
>>546210670It's for this process>>546210073isn't it?KekekekekeOur world is slowly collapsing and there is nothing we can do to stop the collapse.
>>546209100Abos tried to start a nation but they burned 80% of it to hunt the megafauna in the process.Imagine having a cute wombat bro as big as a hatchback
>>546208363Just import more Yt ppol
China will keep destroying other countries economy until moral improves.
>>546210731>Why not go to ASEAN?And do what?
>>546208676Nigger it's a fucking volcanic Island. The fucking meme 1000 folded steel was because they couldn't get actual pure steel no matter how hard they tried and had to work with pissstones to scrape together miniscule amount of iron to forge swords
>>546208363>Yttrium is used to coat enginesTurbine blades. It makes a hard ceramic that somewhat isolates the steel blade underneath.
>>546210731Japan is now very close to ASEAN-tier in terms of prostitution. What hamstrung their technical innovation?
>>546210919Obviously the iPhone and Plaza Accord
>>546210919>What hamstrung their technical innovation?1986Japanese prime minister flew Toshiba CEO to the white house where he knelt to Ronald Raegan and promised Toshiba would never innovate anything again that could become a threat to American electronics businesses.
>>546210919>What hamstrung their technical innovation?Its their culture and DNA.
Do Reiwa whores chase white men?
>>546210964>>546211033Ahah typical jew shit
>>546208875People don't want those jobs or living in Alaska. You'd have to pay VERY well to get an American to do it, which can't compete with Chinese labor prices.
>>546210731China is literally the OG third-world country and the founder of the "third world" political movement.
>>546211033Even without that hamstring, the ram industry was brutal and it caused Taiwan to completely bow out. At some points ram was cheapest component to buy when building a pc.
>>546210897>Turbine blades.In other news, next-gen Turbines for supercritical CO2 has been put inside coal powerplants in China.The rest of the world uses steam turbine to generate electricity at 35% efficiency,but the next-gen Chinese Turbines have acieved 50% efficiency.
>>546208676They decided to be an occupied nation willingly and got glowies to kill anyone who advocated for removing western influenceThey're peak goyim and will die lapdogs
>>546208363If it's so cheap in china then why don't they just travel to china and buy it there?
>>546208676They live on an island that has almost no natural resources necessary to run a modern nation. They've had this issue since they industrialized. Lack of resources was pretty much the main reason for them trying to conquer all of Asia and the Pacific in the 1930s and 40s.
>>546209818The vessels will literally send millions of their goyim to defend their mastersIt's actually the correct move. The power of the west comes from their various slaves, if the slaves are starved there is no work that can be done and the slaves themselves will beg from their mastersDuring the romance of the three kingdoms a common tactic was to send all the starving refugees from the weaker cities into the capital to eat out all the rice Same principal America has to feed ookraine, then suddenly they had their hands tied in the middle east, and suddenly lost africa, and now they'll have to open up a third front to keep up all their goyim vessals in Asia, already it's begun with the thai and cambodian war the only question is why china is taking so long to pull the taiwan trigger.I guess they really need to starve out japan and remove it as a threat entirely before they make any move
>>546208363You were fucked from the moment your bitch of a prime minister decided to become Trump's bitch. With jews you lose, faggot.
>>546210090>Somehow South Korea was spared that fateI mean it wasn't. they lost the korean war pretty thoroughly If they thought they could win, they would do it again without hesitation.You forget that at one point, south korea was weeks away from no longer existing on any map due to MacArthur's failure
>>546208363Why can't they just buy the $9 stone from china?
>>546211893Lol imagine all American carriers are attacking Iran and the US Army is in the Zagros and China basically just walks into Taipei. Imagine how weak ZOG would look.
>>546211033Toshiba bankrupted themselves recently as well. They no longer make anything and have been downsizing into irrelevanceRip Bozo
Japan can't even protect itself from blacks and Bangladeshis, how can it protect ZOG Taiwan?
Is Takaichi doing this for domestic consumption or is she legit ZOG?
>>546211990Taiwan will soon beg China to annex them peacefully. With friends like US, who needs enemies.
>>546208363Just build your supply chain.
This is why Jensen Huang was ousted.
>>546212093>Toshiba bankrupted themselves recently as well. They no longer make anything and have been downsizing into irrelevanceToshiba has remained loyal to Raegan even after his death.41 years of undying loyalty so far.They really take their vassal role seriously.
>>54621224323 trillion dollars...interesting.I don't think the west can cough up this investment.The radars and bases Iran blew up cost 5 trillion alone, and they have trouble rebuilding that shit even now.The only way forward is reconciliation with China.
>>546212149>or is she legit ZOG?This one.
>>546212149She was a longshot and then shot up in popularity and won. The pattern is close to Trump. TV personality and horrible plastic surgery. Campaign based on immigrants, but then doesn't do much once elected.
>>546212428>reconciliationWell Scotty just threatened them for not trading refined rare earth for soya beans so they might not be too friendly right now.
>>546208363Yet smartphones and other devices are designed to be discarded. There are not shortages. They want you to believe that scarcity exists.
>>546211349wrong kike, that would be Yugoslavia
>Scarcity narratives serve powerful economic and political interests, even when physical supplies are abundant.Do NOT believe them. They want you to think this way.
>>546211659>They decided to be an occupied nation willinglyXi's response: I'm okay with this.
>>546208363>go white, get the blightexactly. i'm sure israel will help lol
>>546208875Waiting for climate change to thaw it some more first
>>546212783this. meemaw can get rare earths in her mobile home trailer and cletus and refine it like he refines his boogers between 2 doritos dusted fingers
>>546211033but but but maga said whitey created everything and wa the best at everything!!! REEEEEE!!!!
Maybe if you sushi sucking assholes had less earthquakes???
>>546211659>They're peak goyim and will die lapdogs<- Japan exchanged favours with the British as well.Pic related was arranged in the 2008~2012 era.And I made sure to forward this to the Chinese so they know what happened.Their Lapdog status is not just in regards to Usa, but the entire anglosphere.
>>546211033>>546210919>>546210731it seems unfair, but japanese corporations in the 80s were notorious for not-exactly-free-market business practices designed out supplant foreign corporations on foreign soil (it's not even disputed that they were actively engaged in chip dumping)the funny thing is that now china is using those the same strategies in every area it can (like australia's raw resource extraction and processing industries), knowing that the united states can't really do shit and that western politicians will gladly sell out local industry for a chink wife or bag of shekels
>>546208363>yttriumCan I get two pounds of unobtainium?
>>546213711Some more context clarification, since I just realised outsiders won't understand what's happening in the 2 screenshots.
>>546212540The Huang spy story looks like a red herring. The real issue is an AI trade war with China, and a fight inside Trump’s cabinet. Huang opposed confrontation. Someone appears to have leaked the story ahead of Trump’s China visit, possibly to sabotage talks.Nov 11 - South China Morning Post identified three US objectives.* Close the overseas cloud loophole letting Chinese firms rent US AI computing power.* Block advanced chips reaching China through third countries.* Use Congress to lock restrictions into law.Nov 12 - China’s Foreign Ministry accused Washington of inventing spy narratives to justify a technological blockade. No retaliation announced.Look what Beijing did last time.* 3 Dec 2024 - Gallium, germanium, antimony and superhard material restrictions. Tighter graphite controls.* 13 Jan 2025 - China warns of countermeasures to US AI chip controls.* 4 Feb - Controls on tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium.* 4 Apr - Controls on seven categories of rare earths.* Apr - US tightens Nvidia H20 export rules.* 21 May - Beijing threatens action over Huawei chip restrictions.* 13 Sep - Investigations into US chip measures and analogue chips.* 9 Oct - Controls extended into rare earth technology and chipmaking.* 9 Nov 2026 - Beijing extends suspension of some controls until 10 Jan 2027.* 27 Nov 2026 - US-specific gallium, germanium, antimony and graphite reprieve due to expire.Note the timing. The reprieves from the previous round are about to expire. Trump’s planned China visit offered a chance to negotiate, with Huang reportedly involved. He was warning that full Chinese retaliation could hit US chipmaking hard.If the leak was intended to scupper the visit, it may have worked. The spy story is the sideshow. The real fight is over computing power and the raw materials needed to build it. Washington can restrict China’s chips. Beijing can restrict materials going into America. That could get ugly very quickly
Someone want to explain to me why the hell we are not mining enough yttrium in the United States? Along with all the other rare earths needed for modern tech?
>>546214707>If the leak was intended to scupper the visit, it may have worked. The spy story is the sideshow. The real fight is over computing power and the raw materials needed to build it. Washington can restrict China’s chips. Beijing can restrict materials going into America. That could get ugly very quicklyThis is a good catch.In my opinion the american cards are the weaker one.China's only dependency on Nvidia is for maintaining existing servers with spareparts.Once these existing datacenters are declared obsolete, and no longer need sparepart maintainance, the Usa won't have any cards left.
>>546210804Lmao
>>546215138because we have the world by the ball trading paper printed out of thin air for raw goods nonce, the final stage is USA using its own materials. When that happens, its already past over
>>546208363The Samurai fears the Yttrium Shortage
>>546214707Trump flipping the table because he thinks everyone will be intimidated and now is nothing new, he did that with TPPA the first time and now tariff that change daily.Doesn't seem like he will be changing anytime soon.>>546215138Mining is one thing refining them and turning it into products like magnets is another thing. Chinese universities are among the few dedicated to studying these process and have access to industries doing it to train the students.It's gonna take decades to start learning how to turn ores into magnets.
>>546215138>why the hell we are not mining enough yttrium in the United States?Digging up rocls in Alaska is expensive, you have to lure up the rock diggers with immense government contracts.And afterwards you have to ship the rocks to China so they can seperate the metals for you, but now you're on bad terms so it can't be done.training a new generation of metal refineries will take another decade, and another decade of building those refineries, and figuring out their limitations and rebuilding your refineries to be on spec takes another decade.Muttmerica doesn't have this time window,so you're doing to best to poach out the Chinese engineers and workers and stealing their machineries, but the success rate has been limited.
>>546215575Energy too, the smelters can never outbid data centres. All the data centres are ironically cannibalising aluminium smelters needed for their construction.
>>546215399>>546215544>>546215575>we are no longer an industrialized nation>but we have plenty of financial shenanigans and crypto trading and DraftKings and speculation and and B2B SaaS providers and health insurance companies!We are going to collapse and we are going to deserve it
>>546208363japs are jewish dogs. if there is a god, china will starve them out to collapse along with their western masters. every fucking cuck nation housing american bases gets what they deserve
>>546208914>you could make $300k a year just flying from china to japan every day with 2kilos of whatever the hell yttrium is in your baggage.Good luck not getting locked up for life in a CHINK prison for smuggling contraband minerals. CHINAMAN no FOOK around.We got that shit here in Canada my nigga Desu Senpai, just send some Japanese cuties over for trade.
>>546209078probably
>>546215800Seems like there is a bizarre plan to somehow build a machine god using LLM to magically turn things around. I don't think leaders of would powers can be that insane but who knows with clown world.
Fucking funny gow absolutely braindead most of the Westerners are Anno 202x.Repeating retarded takes like>b-but rare earth minerals are not rare!Just wowRetards think chicken tendies just need to be farmed and directly goes into the pan.Lmao
>>546216004>japanese cuties!>heres a brown filipina goblin that'll balloon in 10 years!kill yourself retarded race mixer
>>546216133Then they better give the machine god some actual planning ability and authority, and start implementing real world things real fucking quick because the Talos Principle is not just a video game
>>546208363>179-Foid
>>546216315>brain rotted inceljfc you shouldve stayed in /r9k/
>>546208875>mine AlaskaAnd who would do that? Fatsies? Avokado millenials? Jeets? Niggers? Women?
>>546216249>>heres a brown filipina goblin that'll balloon in 10 years!FOOK-U!This is why I want them to send over JAP CUTES, they are rare over here...I will use up the PINOY POONANNY Now, then after swap to JAPOONANNYUse you brain man, this brain 8===D
>>546209106USA will loose its allies incompetency like this. Saudis also talk to Iran.
>>546216536>Saudis also talk to Iran.All their gold is stored in New York.Saudis are fucked.
>>546209078The US sits on some of the largest known and suspected yttrium deposits in the world. Yes.
>>546216503>I will use up the PINOY POONANNY Now, then after swap to JAPOONANNYexcept you wont, you'll awkwardly look at them and then look down quickly, go home and jerk off to them. then you'll invite as many as possible to this country purely thinking theyll give you pussy, then they wont, and our country will be filled with indians and flips.>Use you brain man, this brain 8===Dshut the fuck up, incels are so fucking cringe.
>>546208875I’d go do it for a few years if they paid well enough.
>>546215138Rare earth metals are actually pretty common in the earth's soil. The only problem is that you almost always find them all mixed together as an ore called mischmetal, in monazite sand or some similar form.We can separate them out, but it's cheaper to import it typically.
>>546209106>It's very interesting how USA and its vassals REALLY wants something from Russia, Iran, China but they can't get it even with usual bribes/sanctions/threats/tricks.There is no scarcity of minerals, but there is a scarcity of CHEAP CHINK metals.There are a Billion CHINKS that will take the job of mining deadly minerals for $3 a day, so basically SLAVERY. The JEWS must maintain this network of slavery and make the profits from it as COMMANDED IN THE TORAH!
US shouldn't have treated Japan as a vassal in the 80/90s and instead as a equal partner so they could have a strong Japan as a counter to China, and maybe not outsourced everything to China too
China won
>>546216349So fuckin' mad, lol
>>546208914> you could make $300k a year just flying from china to japan every dayuh… where would you buy this buttrium in china? like what sorts of places? seems difficult
>>546216004https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20260701_15/
>>546219107>seems difficultYeah, even the Chinese traitor suppliers have been honeytrapped uprooted by the glowies.Security is fierce now.
>>546211659So Slavic bitch is ok? Kill yourself
>>546216699Damn nigga stop projecting
>>546208676Also putting to rest any concept of biological equality between the races. They live on a barely-habitable rock at the edge of the world and yet have spent the last 120 years as one of the worlds greatest powers.
>>546208363If tuebUS depends on Japan for anything national defense why is it not trying to get more access to untrimmed.Trump should start a yttrium mine with his connections. He'd be a trillion aire. He has the resources to find some and start it
>>546208363shouldnt of said the t word
>>546209246Yes. We know the secret process is polluting your environment and irradiation of the local population.
>>546208363I think I have some of this. Either this or ytterbium.... Hmmm...
>>546208875It's not the mining part. We have more rare earths than China in our soil but the reason why we are dependent on China for them is the processing and refinement of them. You're going to ruin your ecology to process it which is why western countries don't and won't do it. China simply doesn't care if their own people get sick and die or if they turn their land inhabitable as that is a sacrifice they are willing to make for global power.We're just not as suicidal as they are.
>>546223458This.It turns out rare earth minerals are just uranium that's been seperated into atoms that don't form in natural deposits.The atomic chaos of a billion year old uranium deposit has all sorts of things hidden in it.
>>546223458Well you are going to have to start refining them yourselves if you want to have the materials for high tech stuff.
>>546222940Cope you dumb Mutt.It will take you at least a decade to build the infrastructure and gain the knowledge and experience of the whole process.China will have achieved building their own EUV before you even manage that.
>>546224031The US is too mired in Fuck You Got Mine mentality to start. An administration will start development right now but then their opponents about a decade from now will take credit for it. So it's not a very politically viable idea.
>>546216133You need $5 a day to feed a Chinese? The USD is really worthless these days? Back when I was in China, we cooked out own meals for 15 yuan a day. So the purchasing power exchange course is 3 yuan for 1 dollar.
>>546208676Not sure what you're talking about. Australia has a massive trade surplus from primary resource exports.
might be a stupid question but, what about just smuggling some of it?
>>546225612Smuggling the raw materials,Smuggling the personal/expertise,Smuggling the individual machines,The espionage agencies have attempted all of this.Everything you are thinking of right now have been attempted.
>research has stopped>chemical needed
>>546211659Not nearly as bad as how white western countries are golems of israel. At least in Japan's case it makes sense because they do it under the barrel of the golem of israel's gun.
>>546226243yeah but did the espionage agencies try not hiring troons to do this? I bet they were stupid enough to try honeypots and sent a troon who “identifies as asian”.
>>546218753>>546222472coping jeets lmao
>>546208875>t-the only reason we don't know how to refine rare earth's is because we're too moral and kindlmao, bullshit
>>546211893>the only question is why china is taking so long to pull the taiwan trigger.China wants to develop their own Starlink analogue with tens of thousands of internet satellites, and to do this they need re-useable rockets which takes away 70% of the cost of the launch, and then China can send an internet controleld robot army to seize control of taiwan.
>>546208363You shouldn't have lost the war.VAE VICTIS!
>>546208363Is Yttrium important?
>>546229476Taiwan is automagically fucked in the ass when Japanese industry grinds to a halt.
>>546229931Modern industries depend on yttrium (chemical symbol Y) to manufacture several critical high-tech, aerospace, and medical products because no exact substitute matches its thermal, optical, and electronic properties. While basic versions of some technologies exist without it, advanced commercial and industrial products cannot meet modern performance standards without yttrium-based compounds.Aerospace and Heavy Industry• Modern Jet Engines and Power Turbines. Yttrium oxide (yttria) stabilizes zirconia thermal barrier coatings that protect turbine blades from melting under extreme heat. Without these coatings, modern high-efficiency aviation engines and gas power turbines could not operate at peak temperatures.• Semiconductor Etching Chambers. Yttria coatings shield the inside of chipmaking equipment from corrosive plasma damage. Advanced microchip fabrication relies on these protective linings to prevent contamination and equipment degradation.• High-Strength Light Alloys. Adding small amounts of yttrium strengthens aluminum and magnesium alloys while preventing oxidation. Aerospace and defense manufacturers use these specialized alloys for lightweight structural parts• White LEDs and High-Definition Displays. Cerium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphors convert blue light into white light in modern LED lighting. Europium-doped yttrium oxide also produces the bright red phosphors required for television, smartphone, and computer screens.• Industrial and Surgical YAG Lasers. Synthetic yttrium-aluminum garnet crystals form the core of solid-state Nd:YAG lasers. Manufacturers and doctors rely on these specific lasers for precision metal cutting, military rangefinding, and delicate eye or skin surgeries.• Radar and Microwave Filters. Yttrium iron garnets (YIG) are essential for tuning and filtering high-frequency signals. Defense radar systems, satellites, and telecommunications hardware depend on these components to operate cleanly.
>>546230381well we are probably fucked, but the good news is going back to 1980s era tech doesnt sound that bad.also why arent we recycling this shit from mountains of used tech?
>>546214594Why does subversion exist but America has this
>>546208875Then they'll also sell it for $1150/kg.I love capitalism.It is a very good system and not easily broken by oligarchs at all.
>>546230784Yttrium is technically recyclable, though its global end-of-life recycling rate remains under 1%. While laboratory and pilot-scale methods can extract the element from secondary sources, high processing costs and low concentrations in end-of-life products limit widespread commercial recovery.Yttrium is typically dispersed in tiny quantities (often 10 to 1,000 parts per million in electronics) alongside dozens of other metals, making disassembly and sorting expensive.
