Why were the Mesoamericans able to develop more significantly and expressively than most European peoples? I can't compare a Slavic tribe or a Germanic village with the structure and civilization of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca. The Spanish described them as incredible cities and the largest in the world. The Mayan pyramids were among the tallest structures in the world during the Classic period. Furthermore, the density of structures in Mesoamerica was greater than in much of Europe, even by current standards.
>The Spanish described them as incredible cities brazilian thread
>>18126802You loser, I know this user is one of the worst human beings to ever walk this earth, but I am not him. Not everyone is like that, we can tell when he's around because he's a rat. Do you have the capacity to respond and follow the thread? No? Then get lost.
>>18126804calm down senhor
>>18126800The one on top is classic period Maya so at the same time as picrel and the one under that is middle iron age so centuries before the one on top. You are not a mayan favela monkey, your injun ancestors were abo tier just like at how primitive the tribes in the amazon are.
These threads are just to create tension between the Mesoamerican community of /his/ and the European community, just like the "Mediterranean and nordic" fights in this board.
>>18126800Dishonest cherry picking. There were cities in northern Europe picrel Hedeby at the same time as the late classic maya in your pic.
Uhhh
>>18126812Remember that the "Mesoamerican community" (comprising 1/3 of same-sex families) is not honest. It's a shame that around these large cities people lived in the Mesolithic period.
The evidence isn't looking good Paco
>>18126816You again with this shit already debunked, you lunatic?
>>18126800Picrel CarolingianGermanic Basilica same era as late classic maya.
>>18126816>>18126819I'm the guy posting European stuff this is dumb dude you are denying archaeology. Mesoamericans built some impressive stuff it's not just all made up that's schizo let's get real here
Mesofag architecture was really cool until the eurofags ruined it.
>>18126800Anglo Saxon cathedral from the same era.
>>18126800Never give up based mesofag, keep making indian haters seethe
>>18126800You know this is a weird falseflag thread because none of the mesoamerica autists on this board would ever commit the cardinal sin of listing the inca as such or talking about them as if they were part of some "triumvirate" with the aztecs and maya
>>18126825
>>18126829As I said I suspect its the usual brazilian suspects
>>18126828I don't hate Indians OP is just dishonest and cherry picking a Germanic long house from the middle iron age rather than something Germanic like picrel from the late classic Mayan period.
>>18126820It has always been bunked. Meanwhile your "evidence" consists entirely of artistic depictions.
there were also ports and a pretty good coastal navigation system.We also know there were maritime canals in Tenochtitlan.This was my main source.https://www.revistacienciasunam.com/pt/183-revistas/revista-ciencias-33/1715-la-rueda-y-la-vela-en-mesoam%C3%A9rica.html
>>18126825>Mesoamericans built some impressive stuffWrong. Peruvians did and they're NOT Meso.
>>18126834But it is undeniable that the Mesoamericans were more advanced, at least in comparison with northern Europe.
>>18126800Visigothic Toledo picrel.>inbf muh its just romanNo the Visigoths actually changed the local architecture quite significantly.
>>18126825Not all, but the majority yes
>>18126842>at least in comparison with northern EuropeI don't see how you think you're going to win a pissing contest when your sources are all flamboyant or fantastical art in the vein of fiction, and all of that speaks to the 1400s. Northern Europeans already had the organ gun a century prior along with printing presses in the 15th century. We can cite the sources of Bede, Gildas, and Nennius who all said that Britain was stuff-full of fortresses, towers, and castles even before their time.
>>18126828I'm not the OP, I don't start pissing contestsAlso what >>18126829 says
>>18126800See Tlaxcala, The city had around 36,000 inhabitants, with a margin of error of a few thousand, and featured a formal senate. The kingdom as a whole had approximately 150,000 inhabitants, or perhaps more, contrasting with the simplicity of some European dwellings of the time, such as houses with thatched roofs.
>>18126800Mesolarp/mesofag go home, annoying beast
>>18126842>But it is undeniable that the Mesoamericans were more advancedHahahahahaha they didn'tevenhave wheels or any form of science. Pyramids are extremely primitive compared to Basilica, the engineering required to build Basilica is thousands of years ahead of just stacking stones and dirt to build a pyramid.It's just laughable comparing a Mayan city filled with mud huts to Constantinople picrel or even to Carolingian Paris, Visigoth Toledo.
>>18126849>36,000 inhabitants, with a margin of error of a few thousand, and featured a formal senateHow did you arrive at this number? MystiqueOrigins.mx is not a source.>you're bragging about a city with 36k inhabitants>"The population of London in 1400 is estimated to be between 45,000 and 80,000"
Teotihuacan had more craft workshops than other Mesoamerican cities, and others now cite this to show that it was a major economic center with high production. However, when standardizing the count of workshops by population, Teotihuacan falls below some Mesoamerican cities. Its ratio (workshops:population) is only slightly above the median and lower than that of Otumba and Mayapan. This is basic economics, something many Europeans failed to achieve on their own and without Mediterranean influence.Source: Hirth: Hirth, KG (2020)
>>18126844You need to take your meds this is incredulity. Do some study into how archaeology is done before you have such strong opinions on it.This is the same incredulity that leads to people denying the moon landing and believing in flat earth.
>>18126849Would need a comparison of those in England living with thatched roofs to their occupational equivalents in Tlaxcala for this to be a meaningful exercise>Tlaxcalan nobles were living in palaces while English peasants were literally sharing their quarters with LIVESTOCK :O
>>18126850see>>18126848
>>18126856When people ask for sources, they're asking for the evidence, not the claims. We can go back and forth all day throwing out claims.
>>18126856There we go, trying to turn this into some meds vs nords shit, favelito
>>18126853Hello sameflag
>>18126864What are you trying to say? Here's one more for you>brags arrogantly about 150k people in the entire kingdom>"The population of England in 1400 was probably about 2 1/2 million."Don't nut up if you can't put up.
>>18126800Paris in the 8th century when it was ruled by the Germanic Franks kys
Do you know what's cool??Writing only arrived in Europe in the Middle Ages, and clearly derived from the Latin alphabet, but the Mesoamericans developed it independently.Look, the Olmecs, where I personally have a possible paternal ancestry, and the Xicalanc knew how to write, and very well. There are more written inscriptions than just a few tablets in coastal areas of Anatolia, for comparison. At least when compared anachronistically with the Bronze Age. We found a beautiful Nahuatl hieroglyph in the archaeological zone of Cacaxtla.>>18126853Its not me
>>18126867If he sees a single thatched roof he's going to snap. You already know he's playing where's Waldo trying to find it
>>18126868>Writing only arrived in Europe in the Middle AgesYou do know Greeks and Latins are in Europe right? I think you meant northern Europe, but that's still incorrect.
>>18126867This 9th century structure(built by Germanic people) is thousands of years ahead of Mayan pyramids sorry spics.
>>18126868Also, remember that the writing systems that developed during Mesoamerican history are logosyllabic in nature... but I think some people lack the capacity to understand that.
>>18126869Even though classic mayan cities were filled with them lmao even in his actual fucking pic there are mudhuts.
>>18126873Right. I wish we didn't have to have pissing contests, because I'd like to throw them some big juicy bones. They blew the fuck out of Africa and half of the middle east in my humble opinion, population numbers aside. But nope- we have to have another anti- northern European hate thread baked into our Meso America threads.
>>18126844I mean, basically every single archaeological site on Earth that doesn't just look like a bunch of grass and rocks piled together has been restored to some extent, it doesn't really mean they're fake, even if the reconstruction are of low quality like in many cases in Mexico
>>18126871
>>18126878
>>18126870There was no writing system in the northern areas before the Middle Ages.>>18126871How? How exactly? Let's base this on what the people who were there—that is, the primary sources who built the cathedrals—said about the "pyramids" you so despise. Even the conquistadors and friars you guys larp for colonizing and Christianizing the Mesoamericans constantly praised the art, the cities, the architecture, the laws, the social order, the ethics, and practically everything else of Mesoamerica. This is going to sting; grab your tissues.1)Durian>lose the bad and false opinion that these Aztec people were barbarian and uncivilized... although they showed blindness and diabolic self-deception in their rites and idolatries, in matters of government and good order, submission and reverence, majesty and authority, courage and fortitude, I have found no one to surpass them.2)Cortes>we believe... by the aid of the interpreters who should plainly declare to them the truths of the Holy Faith...many... would very quickly depart from the their evil ways and would come to true knowledge, for they live more equally and reasonably than any other....which we have hitherto come across.3)Sahagún>they have talent for it [grammar, logic, rhetoric, astrology, and theology] and learn it and know it, and they teach it, and that there is no art for which they do not have the talent to learn and use it.How did the Romans described northern tribes???.. Yes.
low tier jar shaker thread
>>18126881>How did the Romans described northern tribes???.. Yes.ESL grammar aside, you mean the Romans that got basic facts about life in Britain wrong, and thought that human survival north of Hadrian's Wall was impossible?
>>18126879If you anti-white spics want to whine about these buildings I've posted being roman, first of all no they are not the Aachen Basilica was superior to anything in Italy of the time. And picrel is a reconstructed Norse temple if that makes you happy.
>>18126881>northern areas before the Middle AgesWhat do you consider northern? The Raetians are definitely in northern Europe. But even that ignores the fact that Romans said they came from the land of the Veneti, in the area of Estonia-St. Petersburg today, and that Doric Greeks were clearly in contact with Scythians. Are we supposed to ignore that the runic-esque script of Latin somehow gets carried over as far as Mongolia and Kazakhstan in the ancient period but we're supposed to think that Latins invented it? And no way Phoenicians went up there.
>>18126881Cortes, the "conquering Chad" who grew up seeing supposedly superior cathedrals, what did he bark/say about Tlaxcala? Let's look at the primary sources:>>The city is indeed so great and marvellous.... It is much larger than Granada and much better fortified. Its houses are as fine and its inhabitants far more numerous... Its provisions and food are likewise very superior... There are gold, silver and precious stones, and jewellers' shops...as well arranged as in any market in the world. There is earthenware of many kinds...as fine as any in Spain. Wood, charcoal, medicinal and sweet smelling herbs are sold... There are booths for washing your hair... there are also public baths. Finally, good order and an efficient police system are maintained...and they behave as people of sense and reason.>It is much larger than Granada and much better fortified.Yes.. better than spain :)
>>18126886These are primary sources. There is no art or drawings that prove otherwise, unlike the Mesoamericans. Without objective parameters, decisions end up being based on arbitrary criteria, such as ease, speed, or specific interests, instead of justice or logic. You lost.
this thread is under like 3 layers of samefagging and falseflagging rn, it's quite bizarre
>>18126893Yes>>18126887And>>18126862The sameguy
>>18126897Nope. I get that you're not used to meeting white people with self respect, but you're on a history board, so we're going to know our history. And yours.
>>18126892>These are primary sourcesThey're not. The sources quoted are Anatolians that literally never visited Britain and are contradicted by the abundant archaeological evidence - which is why the only evidence cited is these clearly biased Roman accounts.
>>18126889Not only that, the smelly pigs (who the Mexicas literally felt nauseous from Cortés's stench; he thought plants were a sign of respect, such was the arrogance of the Europeans), almost losts, Mesoamerican states and kings did not see the Spanish as inherently different from other rival kingdoms and city-states with which they already interacted: the Spanish were just another group to fight, ally with, or use to their advantage, not an "Other" against which to unite to repel. The Spanish were weak and would be defeated without Mesoamerican help, and certainly a magical god would not help them.
>>18126910>certainly a magical god would not help themShot and steel are fine enough.>who the Mexicas literally felt nauseous from Cortés's stenchHe was stuck on a boat for a long time and they didn't have baby wipes back then.
>>18126881Durian, cortes and Sahagun weren't engineers and didn't know what they were talking about.>How? How exactly?Why do I even need to answer this ridiculous question? pyramids are extremely simple structures in comparison.>Basilicas were enclosed structures with arches and vaults a pyramid is a simple Solid, load-bearing mass mostly composed of dirt.>Building a Basilica requires advanced understanding of tension and compression as well as very advanced mathematics a pyramid on the other hand uses simpler stacking and terracing techniques.>Basilicas have vast, open naves supported by columns and arches while pyramids have no significant internal chambers.>Basilicas require the balancing of vertical and lateral loads>Not to mention internal spiral staircasesPyramids are thousands of years behind in technology compared to early medieval Europe. It's like saying the pyramids of Giza are more advanced then the Hagia Sophia I shouldn't even have to answer such a question.
>>18126910I know that. In fact, the vast majority of Cortés' allies only joined him AFTER the situation became untenable and it was clear that the Tenochtitlán aristocracy would fall. They would have more to gain and less to lose by attacking opportunistically, not because they agreed with overthrowing the oppressors or some such leftist nonsense.
>>18126917>Durian, cortes and Sahagun weren't engineers and didn't know what they were talking about.In all other threads, you continue to belittle and deny the sources. Yes, they weren't architects, just like Greek philosophers, they weren't generals, but they spoke about war events, even if they aren't 100% accurate, they were primary sources. You don't need to be an architect to describe a city, laws, art, or social norms.>Pyramids are thousands of years behind in technology compared to early medieval EuropeNot true. The island where Tenochtitlán was built had remained virtually unused for millennia, but the city itself was one of the largest of its time, surpassing many other civilizations in terms of population and size, even European cities, with 200,000 inhabitants and 13.5 km2, the largest city-state of the ancient world.
>>18126919>>18126910I'd like to add something, but of course, although Tlaxcala had reasons to resent the Mexica, and Ixtlilxochitl II was, most of the allies they managed to get weren't exactly lining up to take revenge on the Mexica out of a sense of justice. That's European mythology, just like Lepanto. No, no, they were more interested in taking advantage of the situation, since Tenochtitlán was clearly on shaky ground. And, of course, Ixtlilxochitl II was also in it for his own self-interest. And Tlaxcala? Well, they simply decided to use Cortés and his friends to take control of other cities.
>>18126939Most modern estimates put the population of Tenochtitlan proper at around 70,000 at the higher end actually, and even if it did have 200,000 inhabitants, it wouldn't actually be among the largest in the world since by that time there were already several cities in China and India with larger populations than thatAlso, Tenochtitlan was founded in the high middle ages and conquered in the early modern period, not really "ancient" at all
>>18126939The size of a city doesn't mean it is comparable technologically to anything in europe. Benincity in Nigeria was also massive yet it was a primitive mud favela. Also you mesofags forget mention how shallow the water in lake Texcoco was making it not as impressive to build such a city as you think and also forget about fucking cities like Venice or Amsterdam.
>>18126956>Most modern estimates put the population of Tenochtitlan proper at around 70,000Wrong...Estimates of Tenochtitlán's population vary among experts. Susan Toby Evans, her master, suggests a smaller number, around 50,000 to 60,000 inhabitants, but her methodology is unclear and highly contested.Other researchers (Restall and Townsend) mention an academic trend towards this smaller number, as do you, little mouse. Smith refutes this and maintains the estimate of 212,500 inhabitants, the most widely accepted number among urban planning and Central Mexico researchers. I want your sources, and forgive me, I meant that Tenochtitlán was larger than many cities in the ancient world.
>>18126964>Also you mesofagsHe's not a mesofag you dumb nigger, just a low effort troll
>>18126967Cont...Since I know you lack the ability to present sources, which is a disgrace to the Mesoamerican community, and you're biased, the whole "debate" boils down to the fact that Tenochtitlán didn't have many multi-story houses, and the population density needed to reach 200,000 inhabitants would be greater than that of modern Manhattan. Smith argues that ancient pre-modern cities often had higher densities than modern ones, citing examples such as the agricultural capacity of the Valley of Mexico. Until there is more conclusive evidence, I'm following the numbers commonly used by urban planners, not your Wikipedia numbers.
>>18126964The earliest complex sites in Mesoamerican history, nearly 2,000 years before contact with the Spanish, already featured sophisticated underground pipes and aqueducts. Advanced water management systems were common in large Mesoamerican cities.
>>18126989What this anonymous person doesn't know is that Tenochtitlán was built on a lake, with artificial islands and advanced hydraulic systems. I love Texcotzinco because having an 8 km aqueduct that supplied pools, canals, and gardens isn't something you see every day...The water flowed through a circuit of baths, sanctuaries, and aesthetic displays before cascading into artificial waterfalls and irrigating the gardens. And the Mesoamerican hydraulic systems themselves were impressive, with gardens that emulated different Mexican biomes.
>>18126989>Advanced water management systems were common in large Mesoamerican cities.Because they had the luxury of being young cities that benefited from urban planning. European cities were not planned they grew organically over the centuries so pluming was extremely difficult.
To summarize, Mesoamerican water management systems were incredibly advanced, with gigantic networks of canals, aqueducts, reservoirs, and drainage systems that connected and interconnected. They had pressurized fountains, toilets, and other features that only the Romans had in Europe. It's a fact that the Mesoamericans were light-years ahead of Europe in some aspects, at least until the arrival of the Spanish. Now it's time to sleep, but the Mesoamerican community thanks
>>18126971I suspect it's a leftist or communist tranny trying to disprove le ebil white supremacy with history. I've already debunked him with engineering.
>>18127006>Mesoamerican water management systems were incredibly advanced, with gigantic networks of canals, aqueducts, reservoirs, and drainage systems that connected and interconnectedAmsterdam >>18126964 and Venice had all of this aswell.
>>18127007Even though (or not?) it's not Mesotrash, they're very similar, the same coin made of human skull bones.
>>18127009Someone said it didn't have one, sameflag? mesofag btfo everbody here kek
I've always found this meso-sophisticated proponent somewhat obsessed with justifying all the practices of Mesoamerica, even those that he, deep down, sees as objectively wrong. I saw in another thread him saying that child sacrifice was no different from an exercise in killing adult men in a war because in the end both died, and I find it strange that he cites the Spanish when they said that those giant stone boxes were magnificent, but then automatically questions all the negative accounts that the Spanish made, especially about human sacrifice. In this case, there's always a justification and exaggeration, you shitty poster.
>>18127019There's a paid prostitute of the mesofag god here who says:>noooo this is not my husband!But even if he isn't, the mesotard isn't really much better, he distorts things quite a bit and is biased. I don't know why he became a celebrity here.
>pick a period>pick the very best region/city in some non-European ethnoculture>pick the worst European city/region and boast about superiorityeveryone can see through the bait. It's like picking this same Maya thing and comparing it to some dirt village in Western China.
>>18126819>>18126816>its... a restoration ok?
>>18127019If you're talking about Mesoanon (me), the i'm not posting in this thread, aside from >>18126848 and >>18126861I also never said killing kids is the same as killing adult men in war>>18127026What things have I said you think is distorted?
>>18126800you couldn't do farming for a good portion of the year anywhere north of the alps, which halted population growth and the development of a more advanced civilization
>>18127019I remember something like that in discussions with this insect; he even said that those sacrificed felt honored, lol. Of course, he'll probably say that most weren't prisoners of war or anything like that.
>>18127007Nah, it's the opposite if anything, as made evident by the smiley faces, starting to say shit like "the mesoamerican community" right after being accused of being a falseflagger and the brief stereotypical wewuzzing seen here >>18126868. In all likelihood, it's a dude who dislikes both the brazilian schizo and the mesofag and is parodying them, both to make fun of them and to farm (you)s from all the people replying to him in earnest, and he succeeded because this is the board whose users are so autistic and lacking in self control, they'll do shit like giving that extremely obvious Simon Salva troll (you)s for monthsOverall, i'd give it a 10/10 in strategy had it not been for the last point, people here would fall for any larp
>>18127458Nice try, but for your argument to be effective, you'd have to be sure I declared myself a so-called "mesofag." Can you find my post claiming that? I don't think so. It was other anonymous people who mentioned the Mesoamerican community; I simply followed them. Anyway, what about the arguments? Have you even tried to answer the question about the population of Tenochtitlan? Using Susan Toby Evans didn't save you.
>>18126800American civs were already collapsing during the European arrival. Had America been discovered in the 19th Century, the scientists would have found nothing but savages in the jungle, and within those jungles, the ruins of Cuzco and Tenochtitlan.
>>18127499how exactly would the fall of cuzco and tenochtitlan have magically caused the jungle biomes that rested hundreds of kilometers away from the temperate highland environments both cities were located in to expand so drastically
Actually, I found a very interesting article. The Aztecs had an advanced sanitation system, with dikes separating brackish and fresh water, aqueducts with multiple pipes for maintenance and cleaning, and waste collection for reuse as fertilizer or dye. Although there was a risk of contamination, it was more efficient than the European systems of the time.
>>18126800Yes, and still without draft animals.
>>18127521Ironically, agriculture only arrived in parts of Europe in 4000 BC, isn't that something? And animals were domesticated in Anatolia and Europe. The word bull in IE languages is probably from PS.In fact, Mesoamericans and Andean peoples domesticated a variety of birds, primitive dogs and sages, and the first beekeeping was done by them? And many animals that were hunted in Europe were domesticated, such as rabbits and deer. It's really sad how stupid you are.
>>18127536As the anonymous commenter already said above, stacking stones doesn't necessarily make you better. Beauty and aesthetics aren't necessarily tied to size; pyramids are easy to build.
>>18127546That "other anon' better known as you, right? Why do you assume you've been same-flagging since the beginning of the thread? I'll take the bait. The largest Mesoamerican cities, even more than 1000 (there are radiocarbon dates up to 1300) years before the arrival of Europeans, were not only much larger than the largest cities of the Bronze Age, such as Mycenae and Babylon, but even slightly surpassed the largest cities of the Iron Age. Or do you want to play this game? Do we have something like that in the Bronze Age or Germanic Iron Age? Or are you going to post a cathedral and say it's superior just because?All the political complexity is autochthonous, unlike some Europeans who really had to abandon their clan modus operandi for centralized structures, or could you cite a "centralized tribe"? I don't deny what the Nordic Bronze Age or Unitarianism did, but the artistic/intellectual achievements were at least comparable to and superior, and became more complex from the end of the Post-Classical period... we have a similar explosion, and one that surpasses that of Athens in the arts and sciences, in Tenochtitlán and Texcoco, etc
>>18127564>UnitarianismUnetice*
>>18127458i actually saw simon salva try the same schtick on another board once, same username and trip and all only without the religion theme to his posts, and he had to give up after a few attempts since everybody was smart enough to just ignore him kekthe wonders of not having a userbase entirely composed of autistic fat kids & boomers from discord and xitter who take themselves far too seriously
>>18127564Rome had like 1 million inhabitants what are you talking about?>but even slightly surpassed the largest cities of the Iron Age
>>18127564>we have a similar explosion, and one that surpasses that of Athens in the arts and sciences, in Tenochtitlán and Texcoco, etcThat's why I can't respect you. You make such retarded comments that sometimes I wonder if all this intellectual and "well-educated" pose is actually an attempt to show how superior, or at least how "equal," Mesoamerica was to the West. Do you really believe that the arts and "sciences" of Mesoamerica were on par with classical Athens? Even the most beautiful structures and busts don't possess the same Greek depth. Besides, stop being cynical; Europeans were centralized since the Bronze Age. Look at Mycenaeans or Minoans.
>>18127564>Or are you going to post a cathedral and say it's superior just because?I already explained in detail how a fucking cathedral developed after thousands of years of engineering using trial and error is superior in every single metric. You didn't learn anything I see.Again is the pyramid of Giza as technologically advanced as Hagia Sophia? This is litterally common sense
>>18127570>>18127579Am I talking to the same user? I'll assume so... well, first of all, this percentage of 1 million is as contested as the rate of Tenochtitlan with only 60,000 inhabitants. We're at an impasse here. You gave me the benefit of the doubt. There are much lower estimates. Anyway, I mentioned "cities" in the plural, Rome itself. There were other Roman or Greek cities at the time. And do you know what centralized means? I highly doubt you'd equate the Dacian and Irish structure with that of the Greek or Roman polis. If so, we have a semantic problem. You can insult me, I'm not interested in that part of your post.In short, Mesoamerican civilizations were comparable to, and even superior to, those of the Bronze and Iron Ages in many aspects, and clearly, in some cases, rivaled those of the Iron or Classical Ages. They certainly surpassed dispersed, decentralized tribes.And if the idea that the complexity of a society can be measured only by the material used in its tools is correct, you're retarded... Would that mean that a Slavic tribe that smelts steel but lives in villages would be considered more complex than the Mexica and Maya? No.
>>18127587holy fucking shit are you niggers still doing this shit? did nobody tell you that the number 1 rule of the internet is not feeding the fucking trolls or do you actually ENJOY angrily screaming at a void that's laughing at you behind your back?
>>18126800Mesos were a cannibalist elite (literally).They were the most modern civilization ever, and ours is based on theirs.
>>18127587I see how you continue to underestimate the complexity of the pyramids, is that correct?>>18127603Already debunked
>>18127606> Already debunkedExcept their very own books depict humans bein sacrificed, chopped up and boiled in pots.
>>18127570Mesophagitis is like that, strange fonts.
>>18127606>I see how you continue to underestimate the complexity of the pyramids, is that correct?I know they are complex but you don't understand how advanced the engineering is that went into building cathedrals it was thousands of years ahead of mexican pyramids. Just look up flying buttresses and rib vaulting.This stuff had to be built perfectly or the entire structure would collapse.
>>18127608Human sacrifices in Mesoamerica were likely rare and uncommon events, occurring within the context of specific religious festivals. It is difficult to determine the exact number of annual sacrifices, but the idea of hundreds of thousands per year is not supported by archaeology. The sacrificial burials found contained few bodies, and the skulls found in the main temple of the city, over many years, numbered in the thousands, not hundreds of thousands. Human sacrifices were just one of many forms of religious offerings, the most common being offerings of flowers, food, goods, and blood. Furthermore, Europeans did the same during the Iron Age; recent studies show that British figures tortured their victims before killing them.
>>18127627Lmfao so now they suddenly did have human sacrifice, when before you said they had none at all. I am done talking to you.
>>18126917>>Basilicas were enclosed structures with arches and vaultsYes, i dont remember any pyramid with vaults, but mesoamerican cities, specially the posclassic mayan ones did have sophisticated vault systems, since the vault arquitecture had its own development in mesoamerican histroy. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0185-25742020000100065>>Basilicas have vast, open naves supported by columns and arches while pyramids have no significant internal chambers.Some of them did. The "Templo of las inscripciones" for example had an internal chamber in which the king pakal was buried.>>Not to mention internal spiral staircasesThere were also spiral staircases in mesoamerican cities. For example, in Palenque, Juan Bautista Muñoz, who explored the ruins of the tower in 1700s described a spiral staircase in the tower of palenque.http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2027-51372014000100003
>>18127912>>Yes, i dont remember any pyramid with vaultsThe temple of inscriptions youre talking about had a vault system lol.
Comparing achievements using the same old world timeline for the Americas is the best indicator for sub 70 IQ retards, the Americas were the last continent to be populated, not to mention it was populated by a bottleneck of a few hundred people while the old world obviously always had much more people and land mass faciliting multiple civilizations interacting with on another, even considering all of this, Teotihuacan was contemporary to Rome, Romejeets were unironic brown streetshitters with intestinal parasites that loved killing each other with machetes in an arena like retards, I don't even have to mention nordcucks from this era since they were literal mudhut dwelling apes, amerindians were playing on hard mode and still managed to mog europeans by creating civilization by themselves
>>18127587cathedrals are just designated kike worshipping christslop, eurobug""""civilization"""" is just a copy of MENA civilization in literally every sense, there's nothing particularly impressive about a building that has thousands of years of mathemathical and engineering knowledge pioneered by brown desert dwellers which main purpose is to literally worship a brown jew in the sky. Abu Simbel, for example, is infinitely more impressive, more interesting, more original, than any cuckthedralslop that exists
>>18127654Yes, you lostMesofag btfo u
>>18128085Rome were far more advanced than these stones, fact Mesojeet are even worst>>18128111Fuck, ranshejeet
Extreme social stratification. Regular citizens were often conscripted for state infrastructure projects like carrying stones since they didn't have wheels
>>18128295even doe ancient rome was jeet tier, romebugs were brown MENA adjacent streetshitters, and actual whites (nordcucks) were straight up subhuman tier>>18128295>Fuck, ranshejeetI'm not even Indian but at least they don't worship a kike and pretend like they don't lol
>>18128302which makes sense when you look at india and china, they survived as civilizations through extreme social stratification which was validated through state serving religions
>>18126887oh wow, a mudhutso this is the power of snownigger intellect with no outside (MENA) influence?
>>18128396More impressive than anything you've ever created. And their intellect far surpasses yours.
>>18128035Yes, i forgot Pakal's tomb for itself is in a vault.Thanks for the correction.
>>18128396Where's the mud you little dumb brown manlet? And how can a temple be a hut? You just keep getting dumber and dumber. Sicily never amounted to anything and you were ruled over and cucked by birds(normans) for centuries now go and cry about it you will never be a European Arab mutt.
>>18128773>BirdsWtf is with this auto correct? Nords for fuck sake
>>18128111>mathemathical and engineering knowledge pioneered by brown desert dwellers Hahahahahahaha jesus Christ you little brown mutts are so fucking retarded show me a desert cathedral. You don't even know about "your" "own" culture. The cathedral has it's roots in Roman basilica which originally had absolutely nothing to do with early Christian places of worship because there was no such thing original Christians just using their mudhovels as churches jesus Christ you are dumb as fuck.A basilica was originally just a community building the christcucks turned them into churches. How do you not know this? Where are these giant desert structures with thousands of years of engineering behind them? Up your ass? You are a clownish embarrassment to the Mediterranean you little spiteful down manlet!https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BasilicaThe basilica is a purely European technology with no brown influence anywhere.
>>18128396You a Sicilian is about as European as a gypsy or a Jew lmao
>>18128800That's a lot of cope, all of romejeet civilization is a copy of ancient egypt and sumeria + meds are brown muttsgo back to worshipping your jewish sky daddy while mohammed and mbungu rape your women o algo
>>18126800You realise Europe isn't still like that, right?
>>18129141Ah I see you're a brown mudslime. No the basilica is purely a European structure with some influences from Greece. Your shit hole's history will never compete with the glory of Rome.
>>18129141>romejeet civilization is a copy of ancient egypt and sumeria Ok explain in detail how? Where are the influences? As far as I remember the Romans didn't live in mud favelas.
>>18129311>>18129317Domes, arches and vaults were all first invented in the middle east, your entire religion is straight from the middle east (which means europeans worship middle easterners), the writing and the numbers in your post are MENA inventions, meds are MENA mutts genetically speaking. If it wasn't for these influences actual whites (aka northern europeans) would still be living in mudhuts like their snownigger ancestors
I like how this thread also somehow devolved into a shouting match in which both sides call each other muslim indians
>>18129328>Domes, arches and vaults were all first invented in the middle eastOk show me evidence for that because I know they absolutely were not. The Romans invented the arch.>your entire religion is straight from the middle east And yours has it's roots in isreal lmao Meds are white Europeans there were litteral blonde and red headed Roman emperors kys.>If it wasn't for these influences actual whites (aka northern europeans) would still be living in mudhuts like their snownigger ancestorsYou're a spiteful little envious brown subhuman. All the technology you are using now was designed and built by white men, we created the modern world all of it and you can't stand that, you can't handle living in our shadow so you sit in the corner seething and crying lmao little pathetic brown creature you are.
>>18129328Most of us didn't even live in mud huts. We lived in longhouses with upper floors and shingled roofs. We were rural white people while the Romans were urbanites.Funny thing is it was your ancestors that lived in mud pic related lmao from Egypt to Iran all the way to Carthage all west Asians lived in mud houses hahahaha!! XD
>>18129362Forgot to attach pic
>>18129328>In architecture, the earliest structures that resemble modern domes are the tholos tombs (or "beehive tombs") from Early Minoan Crete around 2500 BCYou're wrong again Muhammad lmao it was meds who invented the dome.
>>18129365And if you want to claim the Minoans were middle eastern they literally depicted themselves as white lmao
>>18127912I also forgot to say that the mesoamerican buildings did use columns.They were first introduced by the toltecs and then it spread to all mesoamerica.Pic related show the use of columns in the palace of sayil.
>>18129353>Ok show me evidence for that because I know they absolutely were not. The Romans invented the archHoly shit you're one retarded snownigger, it's common knowledge that arches weren't invented by romans you stupid animal, mesopotamians already had true arches thousands of years before romejeets existed>Meds are white Europeans if by white you mean swarthy hook nosed brown manlets with curly hair, then sure>All the technology you are using now was designed and built by white men,I'm using a chinese cellphone to post in a japanese caricature website coded by jeets lol whites are gonna extinct btw
>>18127912But the internal chambers were more like underground structures considering the pyramids were largely composed of dirt. Look I do think their architecture was impressive we just have to be realistic here early medieval architecture was far more advanced as I said if the engineering wasn't perfect the structures would collapse, there was some serious mathematics and physics involved.
>>18129362meds aren't white, pic related is how actual whites lived>>18129363that house absolutely mogs snownigger mudhuts
>>18129371they were nonwhite swarthy browns, women in every culture are always depicted with light skin, even brown amerindians depicted women with light skin in their murals
>>18129400also minoans were child sacrificing cannibals like most european cultures of that time>The Minoan civilization, located in ancient Crete, is widely accepted as the first civilization in Europe. An expedition to Knossos by the British School of Athens, led by Peter Warren, excavated a mass grave of sacrifices, particularly children, and unearthed evidence of cannibalism.>clear evidence that their flesh was carefully cut away, much in the manner of sacrificed animals. In fact the bones of slaughtered sheep were found with those of the children... Moreover, as far as the bones are concerned, the children appear to have been in good health. Startling as it may seem, the available evidence so far points to an argument that the children were slaughtered and their flesh cooked and possibly eaten in a sacrifice ritual made in the service of a nature deity to assure an annual renewal of fertility.>Additionally, Rodney Castleden uncovered a sanctuary near Knossos where the remains of a 17-year-old were found sacrificed.>His ankles had evidently been tied and his legs folded up to make him fit on the table... He had been ritually murdered with the long bronze dagger engraved with a boar's head that lay beside him.>At Woodhenge, a young child was found buried with its skull split by a weapon. This has been interpreted by the excavators as a child sacrifice, as have other human remains.>The Ver Sacrum ("A Sacred Spring") was a custom by which a Greco-Roman city would devote and sacrifice everything born in the spring, whether animal or human, to a god, in order to relieve some calamity.
>>18127912The staircase you are referring to is this right picrel? Again it's an underground structure so it's supported by the mass of the pyramid. Actual spiral staircases like these >>18126871 ones had to contend with a whole set of physics and engineering obstacles.
>>18129393>meds aren't white, pic related is how actual whites livedListen here you brown manlet yes they are real meds never say they are brown or non-white unless they are Sicilian.These are white men whether you like it or not they have natural pale skin that they inherited from the neolithic farmers and steppe people.>that house absolutely mogs snownigger mudhutsI already proved that is a thrall hut and you're still spamming it. That bullshit hit is a cherry picked me not an actual house the average Norseman lived in KYS!
>>18129415didn't read your copium, you're brown and that's genetic, scientific fact juan
>>18129400That mural is not showing you their actual skin colour subhuman. Frescos always contrasted male and female skin colour in this way Minoan men were tanned and the women were pale now kys you will never be a med mudslime!
>>18129418>literal MENA mongrels with negroid admixture are white....because they just are ok????medjeetxisters...
>>18129403It's probably their swarthy genes that caused this lmao cannibalism was almost completely non-existent in Europe. And which period of the Minoan era? Probably early right close to the neolithic? Not at it's height.Your ancestors used to burn babies alive to sacrifice them to baal so you aren't the one to talk mudslime.
>>18126812It didn’t look like that irl
>>18129418Nope I'm a white man and you mudslimes will never be meds, meds are vastly superior to you mudhovel dwellers.
>>18129419here's your aryan hyperborean with zero semitic, MENA or negroid admixture, definitely indistinguishable from actual whites
>>18129432meds are negroid mutts, they cannot by white by definition (one drop rule)
>>18129422>white....because they just are ok????Yeah cry about it Muhammad these men on a Spanish football team are white men
>>18129439see >>18129438all of them are octoroons with negroid admixture, white iberians were raped to extinction by superior moors
>>18129438Always the cherry picked Andalusians, Sicilians. The average med doesn't look like this stop trying to appropriate Europe Muslime.
>>18129441Moors were Arab/berber are you a kang? Lmao the only black moors were slaves of course
>>18129433Another Sicilian litteral Arab mutts
>>18129447we let negroids have fun with iberian women while white visicucks were castrated and enslaved lol
>>18129385That's hardly a arch lmao. Imagine comparing that primitive thing to magnificent Roman arches built by superior meds not brown mud favela dwellers.
>>18129385>if by white you mean swarthy hook nosed brown manlets with curly hair, then sureThat's a dumb murican stereotype from holywood because murica only seems to have Sicilians.>I'm using a chinese cellphone to post in a japanese caricature website coded by jeets lol whites are gonna extinct btwThe fundamentally components in the technology was designed by white men kys Muhammadan
>>18126843No they didn’t
>>18129453Lmao you're a kamg aren't you? Wakanda never existed nigger this is your cope fantasies you were the slaves not Visigoths.
>>18126871It was built by Germanic Slave labour and Byzantine architects.
>>18129459literally all eurojeets were abo tier apes when ancient mesopotamians were building arches like pic related
>>18129385The smart phone was invented by a med lmao an Italian American of Venetian descent in 1993 kys.
>>18129471you're a retarded nigger, moors absolutely enslaved europeans, including local iberians and eastern europeans, dumbass>Muslim Spain imported Christian slaves from the 8th century until the Reconquista in the late 15th century. The slaves were exported from the Christian region of Spain, as well as from Eastern Europe, sparking significant reaction from many in Christian Spain and many Christians still living in Muslim Spain. Soon after, Muslims were successful, taking 30,000 Christian captives from Spain. In the eighth century, slavery lasted longer[clarification needed] due to "frequent cross-border skirmishes, interspersed between periods of major campaigns". By the tenth century, in the eastern Mediterranean Byzantine, Christians were captured by Muslims. Many of the raids designed by Muslims were created for a fast capture of prisoners. Therefore, Muslims restricted the control[clarification needed] in order to keep captives from fleeing. The Iberian peninsula served as a base for further exports of slaves into other Muslim regions in Northern Africa.[29]
>>18129474>Byzantine architectsSource? Byzantine basilicas looked nothing like that. That was uniquely Carolingian in it's design.Germans and gallo-romans(Frenchmen) developed their own engineering traditions you dumb fuck that's pretty obvious because their architecture was not at all the same as greek and Italian variants.
>>18129485that's a primitive beeper at best, no one uses that shit anymore you LARPing snownigger, also China absolutely mogs all eurojeet countries in technology nowadays, don't even get me started there
>>18129385>The invention of computer coding is credited to Ada Lovelace in 1843, who wrote the first algorithm for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, a mechanical computer >The World Wide Web was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 while he was working at CERN. He created it to help scientists share information, developing the first web browser, web server, and the fundamental language, HTML, for creating websites. The first website was launched in 1991, and CERN made the software publicly available in 1993, allowing the web to grow and flourish. All white men
>>18129496China just copies everything the white men created they are a nation of copycats.Again everything you are using was designed by white men.
>>18129503>China just copies everything the white men created they are a nation of copycats.That's rich coming from euronigs who copied everything from MENAs, for example, the arch that you were so confident that euroniggers invented Also steve jobs was a literal Syrian mongrel you absolute DUMBASS LOL
>>18129404No, thats the inscription temple anon.Im refering to the staircase decribed in the tower of palenque's palace by Bernasconi,an italian arquitect who explored and decribed mayan ruins.Other spiral staircase has been identified in chcihen itza, in the "observatory"/"caracol", and in fact, its called caracol because of the spiral staircase found in it (escalera de caracol). https://arqueologiamexicana.mx/mexico-antiguo/el-caracol-o-el-observatorio>>18129404
>>18129485Italian Frank Canova IBM engineer who invented the smart phone.
>>18129513brown nonwhite semite mutt
>>18129510The Romans independently developed the arch there's no evidence it was copied from mud favela dwellers. Again that "arch" is laughably pathetic and simple compared to a Roman arch you have been btfo.
>>18129510>Also steve jobs was a literal Syrian mongrel you absolute DUMBASS LOLHe's white look at him.
>>18129511But is there any physical evidence of this staircase?
>>18129520Nope he's a Venetian white man kys
>>18129510>That's rich coming from euronigs who copied everything from MENAsCopied what? You haven't actually provided evidence of anything that was copied. Only script was adopted from MENA.
>>18126800I will tell you a secret you could be germanic and get romanized around the time this existed, same with gauls and bretons, the issue of them or of showing is that big germanic cities are now all modern, but few buildings remain
>>18129524Romans didn't independently invent:writingfilled columns metallurgy agricultureanimal domesticationmathematicsdomes/vaultsAll of those have clear, traceable origins to north african and middle eastern civilizations and you expect me to believe those roman niggers invented the arch independently despite the fact that we also have undeniable evidence that it was first invented by mesopotamians and copied by everyone else? You're straight up going nigger wewuzzing mode right now
>>18129526>He's white look at him.You're a 60 IQ subhuman, no wonder you consider meds white lol>Steven Paul Jobs[5] was born in San Francisco, California, on February 24, 1955, to Joanne Carole Schieble and Abdulfattah "John" Jandali (Arabic: عبد الفتاح الجندلي). Abdulfattah Jandali was born in a Muslim household to wealthy Syrian parents, the youngest of nine siblings.
>>18129539I proved the arch was invented by mesopotamians you retarded snownigger and so was pretty much every other architectural feature that the romans used, not to mention agriculture, metallurgy, animal husbandry, all of the building blocks for civilization were copied from MENAs, europe is a copy of MENA civilization
>>18129551>filled columnsThey got them from the freaks and the Greeks goththem from the Minoans. All Europeans no the Minoans did not get columns from MENA there's no evidence for that. Also Roman columns were much more impressive compared to greek columns the technology evolved dumbass.>metallurgyBecause there was a lack of local tin and copper deposits Muhammad.>agricultureAnatolians independently developed agriculture this is a fact and meds come from them.>animal domesticationSame as above kys>mathematicsThey added to the field developing much more advanced forms.>domes/vaultsOther Europeans invented these as I already proved.>All of those have clear, traceable origins to north african and middle eastern civilizationsNo they don't that's a lie there is no evidence showing domes existing in MENA before the Minoans or column technology being introduced to Crete by MENA. If you disagree show me EVIDENCE not just baseless claims.>You're straight up going nigger wewuzzing mode right nowThat's what you're doing trying to claim med civilization mudslime.
>>18129559You showed a shitty inferior "arch" you have no evidence this technology spread from the middle east to Italy and Greece. The Romans independently developed it kys provide evidence of an exchange where the arch spread to the med or stfu
>>18129574>freaksLmao greeks
>>18129574Minoans literally TRADED DIRECTLY WITH EGYPTIANS YOU STUPID RETARD LMFAOOOThey were obviously massively influenced by MENA civilizations, dumbass, they basically were an offshoot of the MENA world>The Egyptians referred to the Minoans as the kftjw (vocalized as "Keftiu" in modern Egyptological pronunciation). It is not known whether this was an exonym or if it was an endonym originating in the Minoan language.[3][4][5][6] Potentially related terms were used by a variety of Near Eastern cultures, and the Biblical term Caphtor has sometimes been identified with Crete.[6][7not even gonna bother replying to the rest of your retarded euronigger cope
>>18129602Also you have to be a complete fucking retard if you can't see that roman and gayreek columns are a direct copy of egyptian columns, and they're shitty copies at that considering egyptian columns are bigger and much older
>>18129602Those column look absolutely nothing like Minoan columns and they are from the new kingdom period. Give me evidence of direct influence via Egyptian trade in Crete and show me Egyptian columns that look like Minoan columns.You're making baseless claims with no evidence the Minoans traded pottery with the Egyptians not columns you dumb fuck.>They were obviously massively influenced by MENA civilizationsHow? Provide evidence not baseless speculation.>not even gonna bother replying to the rest of your retarded euronigger copeBecause you have no evidence you stinky brown manlet
>>18129613They do not look like Roman or greek columns retard and they are from the new kingdom period what you're implying here doesn't make any sense.
>>18129602>The Egyptians referred to the Minoans as the kftjw (vocalized as "Keftiu" in modern Egyptological pronunciation). It is not known whether this was an exonym or if it was an endonym originating in the Minoan language.[3][4][5][6] Potentially related terms were used by a variety of Near Eastern cultures, and the Biblical term Caphtor has sometimes been identified with Crete.[6][7So where does it say they adopted Egyptian columns? It's called convergent development you dumb fuck just like how mesoamericans developed arches.
>>18129581Ayo hol up.... so you be sayin we invented arches n shiet even doe we were mudhut dwelling euronigger apes discovering fire by the time MENAGODS were pioneering and building the first civilizations???
>>18129602So why didn't they adopt hieroglyphics? This is why your baseless conjecture doesn't work Minoan/Egyptian contact was very limited.
>>18129634Still shit compared to Roman arches and again you don't have evidence the technology spread to Italy.
>>18129617>Those column look absolutely nothing like Minoan columnsYou're right, egyptian columns mog the absolute shit out of that shitty tiny column, which is why gayreeks copied EgyptGOD column design, admitting that they are inferior eurobug apes with zero creativity or innovation skills >and they are from the new kingdom periodI'm not even joking when I say that during the new kingdom, euroniggers quite literally hadn't invented fire yet
>>18129621It's literally the exact same design you coping wewuzzing ape
>>18129637Because Phoenician MENAGODS had already invented an even script which eurojeets also copied because those subhumans couldn't even invent writing LOL
>>18126800Maize and a hundred other crops. No permanent milethick glaciers.I believe all high civilization collapse to wildling state witg cannibalism eventually rationalized. And civilization find new grounds with the Lebensraum, climate and sumtin.Try ask about Africa next?
>>18129640it did, etruscans traded with phoenicians and phoenicians had true arches in their architecture, they obviously copied itYou sound exactly like those niggers that deny that sub saharan africans had extensive trade and influences from muslims and mediterraneans, you might as well be a nigger right now
>>18129650>ayo romejeet columns are not copies of egyptian columns even doe they have the exact same design, we wuz original n shiet
>>18129646There's no evidence the Greeks copied Egyptian columns brownoid they used totally different motifs reflecting the environment like papyrus and the ones you are posting are new kingdom they aren't old enough to have influenced greek arches.Green arches came from those used in Mycenaean megaron and they in turm came from Minoan arches. There's no Egyptian influence here provide evidence not just brownoid speculation.>>18129650How do they look greek? Simple answer they don't.
>>18129650I'm sorry brownoid but these are totally different arches explain in detail how they are similar.
>>18129655>No, the true arch was not a major feature of Phoenician architecture, which favored straight lines and massive construction. While they occasionally used "false arches" in gateways and doorways, the true voussoired arch and vault were rare until Roman timesWrong again brownoid
>>18129658Explain how they are the same? You're just stupid you have no idea what you're talking about. It's a superficial resemblance that your low iq brain equates to common origin rather than just convergent development.
>>18129660You're a straight up fucking retard if you can't admit the absolutely basic historical fact that early european civilizations were massively influenced by the middle east and north africa, every single historian would laugh their asses off at your stupidityEven ancient greekjeets would admit to you that they copied their architecture, sculpting techniques, art, philosophy, metallurgy, etc from ancient egyptians and middle easternersSeriously fuck off from the history board if you know jackshit about history you absolute fucking snownigger retard
>>18129674Early European civilizations were massively influenced by Crete and the Minoans NOT the middle east there is no evidence for this. All you've done is speculate the phoenicians didn't even have arches until Graeco-Roman influence.
>>18129672Ah yes, convergent development made the first greek sculptors to copy egyptian statues down to the exact same pose, it's not like we have undeniable evidence that egyptians and greeks traded and communicated constantly and hence greeks learned basically everything from MENAsYou're a straight up nigger tier retard
>>18129678>NOT the middle east there is no evidence for this. I'm literally posting evidence right now you sub 60 IQ MORON LOL
>>18129679This might be some evidence of cultural exchange but it's not as much as you think. Like I said the arches are not similar greek arches obviously derived from Mycenaean arches there's actual strong evidence for this not just wild speculation based on superficial resemblances.
>>18129685Good you've actually finally posted evidence that is compelling I congratulate you still this is limited cultural exchange. If the influence was as great as you are suggesting the Greeks would have adopted hieroglyphics.
>>18129693greeks didn't invent writing, mathemathics, agriculture, metallurgy, animal husbandry, sculpture... They were banging rocks together like apes and you expect me to believe they invented arches despite the fact that they interacted with superior north africans and middle easterners that did invent the arch? Greekjeets were inferior subhumans, they were not capable of inventing anything
>>18129696They adopted the phoenician alphabet, also north african
>>18129703>greeks didn't invent writingSee you're ignorant, a dumb brownoid.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_A>metallurgy, animal husbandry, sculptureI already fucking explained that there was no local tin or copper deposits and yes they DID develop animal husbandry because Greeks are closely related to the original Anatolian farmers who independently developed agriculture.>you expect me to believe they invented arches Yeah it's a fact there's no direct evidence of exchange from the middle east arches appear independently in the med. >Greekjeets were inferior subhumans, they were not capable of inventing Imagine being stupid enough to say this when there were famous inventors like Archimedes kys. Ancient greeks invented crossbows, great siege engines, automatons, hospitals and automatic doors just kys already brownoid.
>>18129705Only because of trade. Phoenicians were great navigators and traders, their script was far more practical then linear a, it worked much better in the complex economies that were forming at the time.
>>18129756>Linear Aa copied idea from MENA writing systems via stimulus diffution, greekjeets didn't invent writing independently>I already fucking explained that there was no local tin or copper deposits Yes there were and even if there weren't that's a nigger tier excuse, if there are no resources in your vincinity then go look for them>Yeah it's a fact there's no direct evidence of exchange from the middle east arches appear independently in the med.Nope, arches were first invented by MENAs then copied by medbugs, there's no evidence for an independent invention and tons of evidence for outside adoption like pretty much everything else:>crossbowsInvented by ancient Chinese>siege enginesInvented by ancient MENAs like Assyrians and Sumerians>automatonsinvented by ancient egyptiansAlso greeks are brown and nonwhite btwOnce again you proved euroniggers copied everything and were incapable of inventing anything because they're inferior
>>18129802Those are the only Egyptian symbols in the script subhuman. That doesn't mean the script came from hieroglyphics you dumb fuck. Show me actual archeologists and professionals claiming it comes from hieroglyphics kys.
>>18129802>if there are no resources in your vincinity then go look for themThat is the dumbest thing I've heard all this year. Go look for something they didn't know existed? Jesus Christ you are a special one.>Invented by ancient ChineseA totally different type of crossbow subhuman there was no contact between the fucking Chinese and ancient greeks you subhuman. Totally fucking different design you shit stinking brown cunt.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastraphetes>Nope, arches were first invented by MENAs then copied by medbugs, there's no evidence for an independent invention and tons of evidence for outside adoption like pretty much everything else:What evidence? You made the claim prove it with evidence. Where did this cultural exchange take place? You said the phoenicians introduced arches and I proved to you that they didn't have them until Graeco-Roman I fluence on them now kys. >Invented by ancient MENAs like Assyrians and SumeriansTotally different technology absolutely nothing alike to greek siege engines again this is convergent development just like how mesoamericans developed arches and columns. You've provided zero evidence for your claims aside from possible Egyptian influence on sculpture and SOME of the linear a symbols that's it!!>invented by ancient egyptiansHahaha I'm gonna need a fucking source for that. The idea that the greeks got automatons from the Egyptians is so clownishly absurd the dumbest "theory" you proposed so far hahaha.>Once again you proved euroniggers copied everything and were incapable of inventing anything because they're inferiorAgain you've provided nothing solid yet. The most compelling evidence you've provided is sculpture and some linear a symbols that's fuck all and is expected from trade.>Inferior Which part of the world is more of a shit hole? Italy or Iraq? This is such brownoid cope, you're a seething little spite filled manlet filled with envy of superior men.
>>18129886Learn what stimulus diffusion means you subhuman retard>Stimulus diffusion is a form of cultural diffusion that occurs when a specific trait or idea is adopted from one culture by another, but the original trait is modified or transformed in the process. This means that they copied the idea of writing from Egyptians, whether or not their script is hieroglyphic or not, they didn't invent writing independently like you tried to imply like a disingenous trannyThe mere presence of Egyptian symbols is enough to conclude minoans were inferior and mentally incapable of coming up with the revolutionary idea of writing
>>18129913>This means that they copied the idea of writing from EgyptiansNo evidence for this at all. Adopted some of the symbols doesn't mean the entire idea of a writing system comes Egyptian. If that was the cast they would have used more than glyphs you dumb fuck.
>>18129960>More than six glyphs
>>18129913Even if this is true their writing system is unique and is not just a copy of Egyptian. All you can come up with is glyphs. There were still neolithic European scripts like vinca.
>>18129913Ok brownoid I'm going to debunk your column "theory">The oldest evidence of Minoan columns comes from the Protopalatial Period, around 1900 BCE, when the first palaces, such as the one at Knossos, were built.These columns were typical Minoan types >>18129617Now the problem you are faced with is Egyptian columns from 1900bc were fucking square shaped and not round like Minoans types picrel Temple of Senusret I at Karnak (c. 1971–1926 BC, 12th Dynasty) . Show me evidence of round columns from the middle kingdom period from 1900bc pro-tip you can't. This is why showing new kingdom columns proves you are retarded.Debunked btfo!!
>>18129912>Totally fucking different designOh you meant that shitty inferior and cumbersome low IQ version? I forgot that shit existed and so did eurojeets because it was so shitty they literally forgot crossbows existed until the medieval period lmao meanwhile chinese crossbows were infinitely superior and had actual triggers made of bronze (bronze was also never independently invented by euroniggers btw)>Where did this cultural exchange take place?already proved the extensive ancient trading between north africa and the mediterranean and anyone with the most minuscule knowledge about history knows this, retard>You've provided zero evidence for your claims aside from possible Egyptian influence on sculpture and SOME of the linear a symbols that's it!!Their staple crops were domesticated in the fertile crescent, metallurgy was invented in the middle east and imported to Europe via trade, their religious pantheons were influenced by Egyptian and Sumerian religions, their architectural motiffs were influenced by Egypt and Sumeria, their writing was a copy of Phoenician writing, without the middle east and north africa, european civilization quite literally would not exist>Hahaha I'm gonna need a fucking source for thatSee:>The oldest forms of mechanical models date back to the era of the Middle Egyptian Empire about 4,000 years ago, and it is a theater on which three dwarves, operated by a system of interlocking rollers and strings to perform dance movements, stand.Not to mention multiple middle eastern cultures continued making automatons for millennia>Again you've provided nothing solid yet. The most compelling evidence you've provided is sculpture and some linear a symbols that's fuck all and is expected from trade.I already mentioned a long list multiple times ITT including this post, you're just an illiterate retard
>>18129912>>>18129966Which part of the world is more of a shit hole? Italy or Iraq? Italy (a brown country) right now is vastly superior to ukraine (a snownigger country), browns are superior to snowniggers
>>18129985More square columns lmao now go cry Temple of Mentuhotep II at Deir el-Bahari (c. 2061–2010 BC, 11th Dynasty)Funny thing is by the looks of it it seems more likely that the Egyptians copied the Minoans hahahaha
>>18129966vinca was not true writing, just inferior snownigger doodles aka protowriting, again, snowniggers were retarded and didn't invent writing
>>18129987You can shit on the greek crossbow but the chinks didn't develope a superior ballista kys
>>18129993>vinca was not true writingSo says you. We don't know much about it to say whether it's a true writing system or not
>>18129985>>18129991HOLY SHIT IS THIS FUCKING RETARDED ANIMAL IMPLYING EGYPTIAN CILINDRICAL COLUMNS ARE A COPY OF MINOAN COLUMNS???LMAOOOOOOOOOOO
>>18129987already proved the extensive ancient >trading between north africa and the mediterranean and anyone with the most minuscule knowledge about history knows this, retardYou showed a miniscule amount of cultural exchange, sculpture and 6 glyphs this is not extensive dumbass.>their architectural motiffs were influenced by Egypt and Sumeria,Show me greek architecture with papyrus motifs kys >The oldest forms of mechanical models date back to the era of the Middle Egyptian Empire about 4,000 years ago, and it is a theater on which three dwarves, operated by a system of interlocking rollers and strings to perform dance movements, stand.How the fuck would automatons from 4000 years ago influence far more advanced greek automatons in 400bc? That doesn't make any sense moron. It was independent innovation you have no evidence to the contrary.>I already mentioned a long list multiple times ITT including this post, you're just an illiterate retardNone of which you have proved. I just debunked your stupid column "theory" you have yet to prove arches were spread to Europe by MENA. No speculation give me evidence brownoid
>>18129997the symbols barely repeat and have no order or pattern, it's protowriting and even abos did shit like that, stop embarrassing yourself retard
>>18130007No I'm just using your retarded brainless "logic"against you. Cylindrical columns were used in Crete before Egypt you smelly mudslime.
>>18130011>even abos did shit like thatHahahahahaha
>>18128035There's some architecture autism here, but nobody has pointed out that that pic is a "false vault" because it doesn't use a true arch.That's basically a post-and-lintel structure, which is simpler and less efficient at load bearing than a false arch.If it was more complex it might be called a corbel arch/false arch, but that's still not a true arch that is common in post-Roman architecture in Europe.Pre-columbian Americans didn't have arches, as proven by mesofag's non-evidence and wider historiography.
>>18129987>No clear standing columns survive from this period, but post-holes and bases in houses at sites like Myrtos-Phournou Koriphi and Vasiliki suggest that wooden posts or proto-columns supported roofs and upper floors.Minoan columns evolved from wooden posts this is common sense your >The first true Minoan palatial architecture appears, with wooden columns becoming central design features — especially in light wells, porticos, and central courts.Egyptian "theory" is fucking stupid.Also I'd like you to find ancient Egyptian buildings that looked like this.
>>18129987Here's the origin of Greco-roman columns cunt. They derive from wooden posts on early temples and have nothing to do with Egypt kill yourself!!
>>18130013>Cylindrical columns were used in Crete before EgyptNo they weren't you delusional fucking moron, the columns in pic related are a thousand years older than minoan civilization and over two thousand years older than roman columns, and this mortuary egyptian temple looks like a roman temple because, once again, mediterranean civilization is a copy of north african and middle eastern civilizationKill yourself retard
>>18130032See pic related and:>The mortuary complex of Djoser, located in Saqqara, Egypt, is one of the most significant archaeological sites in the world. Built during the 27th century BC for Pharaoh Djoser by his architect Imhotepand kill yourself dumbass euronigger
>>18130033You piece of shit there are post holes indicating the use of wooden columns in Crete before 2000bc kill yourself you smelly subhuman rat.
>>18130042yeah they were trying to imitate egyptian columns using wood poles like retarded ooga booga apes lol
>>18130035Columns are intuitive technology you piece of shit. It's actually more likely that stone columns were reinvented in Greece after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization. Doric columns come from wooden temple posts from the archaic period.
>>18130045You just pulled that out of your arse. This is litterally intuitive technology that's why mesoamericans developed it too. Again. You have no evidence for any of this baseless low iq claptrap just the spiteful envy of a shitskined brown rat that lives in a shit hole.
>>18130052You're now backpedaling like a tranny, you tried to claim cilindrical egyptian columns were a copy of minoan columns lol and now you're being a faggot tranny and you're trying to imply that I said that columns were invented by egyptians, which would be retarded, what I claimed is that the design of the cilindrical megalithic columns divided in pieces and filled on the inside with architectural motiffs were clearly originally egyptian and copied by inferior greek and roman apes, and that's a historical fact
>>18130055Except I didn't say the column itself was invented by egyptians you massive low IQ retard, holy shit I can tell you're dumb as shit just by reading your posts
>>18130060Nothing was copied because greek columns do NOT LOOK LIKE EGYPTIAN COLUMNS. they don't have papyrus motifs on them you retarded shitskin manlet, they are bulky and not made of marble.You haven't even explained how greek columns are similar to new kingdom columns they don't look similar you fucking little weasel!
>>18130066You are trying to claim columns were introduced to Greece by the Egyptians which is one of the most retarded things I've heard from you anti-white brown rats. The evidence seems to point to Doric columns coming from wooden posts not from anything Egyptian you dumb fuck. If they came from Egypt why don't greek temples look Egyptian? It's pure we-wuzzery with no evidence to back it up.
>>18130073why is that chinese, Indian, mesoamerican or any other column on the planet looks completely different meanwhile these >>18130035 egyptian columns literally look indistinguishable from any greekjeet column with the same vertical groves, the same base, an extremely similar ornamental piece at the top and a similar size? Simple, because greekjeet and romebug columns are a copy of egyptian columns just like the arch, writing, metallurgy, religion, agriculture, culture, sculpture... everything was either a direct copy, adopted or got massive influence from north africa and the middle east, I rest my caseYou may continue being a retarded coping snownigger now
>>18130015>>There's some architecture autism here, but nobody has pointed out that that pic is a "false vault" because it doesn't use a true arch.I never claimed mesoamericans build archs, because they didn't, but that doesn't mean they build false vaults, as Alejandro Villalobos has noted(https://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/bitacora/article/view/33757). >>That's basically a post-and-lintel structure, which is simpler and less efficient at load bearing than a false arch. If it was more complex it might be called a corbel arch/false arch.The thing is the mayan vaults used CORBEL ARCHS, no post and lintel.Pic related shows types of mayan vault which obviously use corbel archs.Mayan vaults had their own development, reaching perfection degrees in cities like Uxmal(https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0185-25742020000100065).
>>18130081>look indistinguishable from any greekjeet columnThey don't you're full of shit and those columns are too old to have influenced Hellenistic columns dumb shit.>extremely similar ornamental piece It's not that similar at all it's called intuitive design dumbass. There were a whole variety of strange Egyptian column types whereas Greeks would tend to use only 3 types and none of them looked similar to Egyptians, the resemblance is superficial and only morons see the world superficially.
>>18130085>>18130015Mesoanon here, there are actually a few sites that have true arches, but they're rare. I can't pull up the specific papers right now to find the site names, though
>>18130364Lynn V. Foster says in the page 243 of his "Handbook to Life in Ancient mayan world" : The keystone arch was occasionally used in the construction of Maya sweat baths, such as the one near the so-called Mercado at Chichen Itza and at Ceren in El Salvador.Despite this, i still doubt her statement since i couldn't find still any other source that claims this.
>>18130168So you're telling me the retards that couldn't invent anything on their own, didn't also copy the columns despite the fact that they copied everything else?>the resemblance is superficialNo, there's elements that make the comparison more than superficial:>The divided sections (base, mid section and top)>The fact that they're divided by multiple hollow pieces that are filled with a material>The size>The decorative elements like the vertical grovesThe column design is extremely similar and the comparison is more than superfical, Minoan columns for example >>18129617 ARE different in every point I listed but obviously inferior in every sense which is why greekjeets later copied the egyptian columns
>>18130077You're a low IQ subhuman who is now trying to strawman me and trying to say that I claimed egyptians invented the column itself, I'm saying that the DESIGN of the columns was clearly copied from Egyptians and pretty much every archeologist and historian agrees with me because it's true:>For example, the use of columns in Greek architecture was significantly inspired by Egyptian prototypes, with the earliest Greek stone columns, particularly those in Doric and Ionic orders, showing similarities to Egyptian columns in terms of form and design.>Certain architectural ornaments, like the use of palmiform and papyrus motifs, can also be traced back to Egyptian aesthetics.>In addition to structural elements, Greek art also borrowed motifs and symbols from Egyptian art.>This is particularly evident in pottery and frescoes, where the adoption of Egyptian motifs such as lotus flowers and sphinxes can be seen.>These symbols were often integrated into Greek art in a way that harmonised with their own cultural context and artistic conventions.I should also mention that the design of the temples themselves are also extremely similar, another thing they copied
>>18126800>Never domesticated any cattle or work animals>Never understood metallurgy, Snownigs in the Bronze Age were practicing that shit in mud huts>All they did was build giant pyramids n shiet >Domesticated Maize, the unhealthiest cereal crop in the world
>>18130825>Never domesticated any cattle or work animalsDomesticated llamas, alpacas, guinea pigs, dogs, muscovy ducks and turkeys doe>Never understood metallurgy, Snownigs in the Bronze Age were practicing that shit in mud hutswrong, they made bronze weapons and tools (pic related), also they invented bronze metallurgy independently unlike snownigs>All they did was build giant pyramids n shietwrong, they did other grand architectural projects that mog snownigger mudhuts out of the water>Domesticated Maize, the unhealthiest cereal crop in the worldIt's the most energy efficient crop, it's only really unhealthy when procesed into corn syrup
>The next morning we reached the broad high road of Iztapalapan...Our astonishment was indeed raised to the highest pitch, and we could not help remarking to each other, that all these buildings resembled the fairy castles we read of in Amadis de Gaul; so high, majestic, and splendid did the temples, towers, and houses of the town, all built of massive stone and lime, rise up out of the midst of the lake. Indeed, many of our men believed what they saw was a mere dream. And the reader must not feel surprised at the manner in which I have expressed myself, for it is impossible to speak coolly of things which we had never seen nor heard of, nor even could have dreamt of, beforehand. When we gazed upon all this splendour at once, we scarcely knew what to think, and we doubted whether all that we beheld was real. We now entered the town of Iztapalapan.... everything was so charming and beautiful that we could find no words to express our astonishment. >Indeed I do not believe a country was ever discovered which was equal in splendour to this. But, at the present moment, there is not a vestige of all this remaining, and not a stone of this beautiful town is now standing.VGH...What could have been
>>18130740As I said I can't find the examples right now, but as I recall there were like 3 sites that allegedly had true arches, but in two of the cases the researchers weren't able to verify it due to poor documentation, but one of the 3-4 was a confirmed case of it
>>18129988But Italy is still better than Iraq kek
>>18131105Interesting, do you know if the structures were underground? Pic related kinda looks like a true arch, the stones are compressed together forming a semi-circular shape and there's a keystone too
>>18126917>>18127912>>18130015>>18130364>>18131148Some Mesoamerican true arches have been found at Mayan and Zapotec sites. The list of cities where they have been found includes:"La Muñeca" and "Calakmul" (both in the Mexican state of Campeche)"Monte Albán""Chichen Itza".>>At Monte Alban in the Mexican state of Oaxaca there are several tombs covered by a series of arches formed by pairs of two, in some cases pairs of three stone members. The principle of the true arch is used here (Hohmann 1979:33).>>In the Mexican state of Campeche there are at least two archaeological Maya sites with examples of the use of a more complex kind of true arch or vaults in Mesoamerica. The sites are La Muñeca and Calakmul, both situated at a bee-line distance of approximately 33 km from the Guatemalan border.>>Equipped with a copy of Ruppert and Denison’s plan of Muñeca it was quite easy to find and photograph all stelae and all major structures. Structure XII, the structure with the remains of a true vault was not only photographed but also measured by tape again.
>>18131624>>In 2004 news from Calakmul announced that the preclassic Tomb 4 at Structure II had been revealed to have a true vault. A photograph of a room of Sub II c-2 of Structure II of Calakmul which was put into the internet shows a typical true vault construction. This is a second example of a true vault of the Mayan culture in the Mexican State of Campeche #—# only 33 km away from the one at La Muñeca.Therefore it can be stated that the principle of the true arch was already known amongst the Maya in the preclassic period. It was used at least two times to create architecture. One could believe the knowledge of this construction principle ple was very regional. Thus the same principle was also used at Monte Albán in the Mexican State of Oaxaca even earlier
>>18131634Source: https://www.academia.edu/35659317/Aktuelle_Informationen_und_Studien_zu_Mesoamerika
>>18131624>>18131634>>18131643I found some pics of tomb 4 at calakmul, this is the first time I've ever seen a true arch in a precolumbian structure, very cool
>>18132018Andeans built domes more extensively
>>18132917
>>18130811That's just baseless speculation there's no actual evidence for this. The only column that looks similar are the old kingdom ones you posted but they are too old to have influenced the Greeks so kys.>Certain architectural ornaments, like the use of palmiform and papyrus motifs, can also be traced back to Egyptian aesthetics.Could just be intuitive design the Persians also had columns with leaf motifs kys>Every expert Lmao so says you? Name them all. >In addition to structural elements, Greek art also borrowed motifs and symbols from Egyptian art.What show me them. This is speculation not fact.Pottery is the only likely strong influence from the Egyptians column design doesn't make sense.>I should also mention that the design of the temples themselves are also extremely similarHow you dumb fuck? Greeks use pediments and clay tiles they don't look similar at all the similarities you are seeing are superficial and intuitive.You have no concrete evidence just speculation and conjecture.
>>18130793Explain to me how archaic Greece could have copied Egypt in the early iron age when greece is 687 miles away from Egypt. How the fuck could this even work dumbass?
>>18132920hehe benis:DDd
>>18131624None of what you have posted comes remotely close to being as advanced as a early medieval basilica I already explained why not doing it again. Also I'll give you there incase there were a lot more advanced than mesoamericans but still they were early bronze age tier.
>>18133118Honestly fuck this autocorrect shit.>Also I'll give you there incase there wereAlso I'll give you the incas they were
>>18129433Always using dark contrast pictures. Now reality. His facial features are totally european
>>18132956GREEK SEE YOU AS SNOW NIGGER SO STFU.
>>18132956Yes, the historian Herodotus noted that Greek beliefs were influenced by Egyptian ones, identifying parallels between their deities and practices. He specifically linked the Egyptian god Amun to the Greek god Zeus, both considered supreme rulers, and Thoth to Hermes. This practice of equating foreign gods with Greek ones was a common way for Herodotus to describe what he saw as foreign cultures to his Greek audience.
>>18132956Yes, ancient sources suggest Pythagoras traveled to Egypt to learn mathematics, particularly geometry, along with religious and philosophical knowledge from priests and scholars. While the extent and nature of his studies are debated, the Greeks of the time believed figures like Pythagoras brought back knowledge from Egypt, a culture they considered a source of wisdom, particularly in geometry. KNOW YOUR FUCKING PLACE. MENA IS BORN OF CIVILIZATION.
>>18126826Almost like a greek/roman architecture
Why do people still pair up incas with mesoamerica? incas were literal schizos and didnt contribute significantly either. is it because both were darkie?
>>18133198stop posting this literal nigger you coping faggot, all iberians are sub saharan negroids who got raped by moors
>>18126800
>>18134399>>aztec>>shows pic of teotihuacanKek
>>18134399That's Teotihuacan, which predates Oxford by 1300 years, retard
>>18126800>I can't compare a Slavic tribe or a Germanic village with the structure and civilization of the Maya, Aztec, and IncaYeah maybe you should compare them to a mayan, aztec, or inca village, instead of a pyramid built due to efforts and expense of the whole state you braindead spic moron
I don't get why Latinx post stuff like this. It's not as if any part of Europe had less complex agriculture, some parts just didn't urbanize at all until around 1000 years ago, particularly north of much of the Alps. It's like comparing Han cities to wandering bands of Mongols, or the settlements planned by Australian aboriginals compared to British officers. Totally different cultures that sometimes clash but you're basically taking intentionally decentralized, barely permanent agricultural communities and comparing them to cannibal holocaust megacities built from stone. Personally I would rather live in the one that has metals and no or little cannibalism. Seems like that would make life much easier.
>>18134408>>18134423The picture was clearly only an example of a Mesoamerican temple the average viewer doesn’t need to know the specific differences between them, dumb autists.
>>18132956For the same reason romans built a pyramid clearly based on egyptian pyramids despite the pyramids of Giza being thousands of years old by the time of the romans, you're a mentally deficient snownigger whose incapable of recognizing patterns, also meds are brown MENA mutts, stop appropriating their history and go claim your snownigger mudhuts
>>18129429>cannibalism was almost completely non-existent in EuropeWrong, cannibalism was widespread in europe, see >>18129403Also Celts and other tribes were also cannibals>Roman historians reported that Celtic priests, or Druids, regularly conducted human sacrifice. Modern archeology indicates that the Druids also practiced cannibalism. A cave in Alveston, England was found to contain around 150 people who were sacrificed and eaten by Druids in an effort to stop the Roman conquest of their lands in the first century AD.>The evidence indicates that the Celts may have eaten human bone marrow in an attempt to overcome the Romans’ superior tactics and military technology. The Celtic cannibalism is an example of magic or mystical cannibalism – the attempt to get magical power by consuming human remains.
>>18134630https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-05/uocp-efa052907.phphttps://www.newsweek.com/ancient-greece-shocking-dismembered-human-skull-reveals-ritual-sacrifice-755549https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/vergano/2012/10/27/celtic-sacrifice-gordion/1661011/https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/2889633/this-is-the-face-of-an-ancient-pictish-briton-who-was-killed-as-a-human-sacrifice/http://forums.canadiancontent.net/showthread.php?t=155655https://strangeremains.com/2013/09/20/human-sacrifice-at-viking-funeral-the-tale-of-the-headless-norse-slaves/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/18435/Thesis.1.a.pdf?sequence=1https://www.academia.edu/33313713/SLAUGHTER_OF_THE_INNOCENTS_Some_Observations_on_Human_Sacrifice_in_Iron_Age_Europe>A large number of cases of “human sacrifice” among the late Bronze and Iron Age European population have been revealed in the past decades at sites ranging from the Celtic (Galatian) settlement of Gordion in today‟s Turkey to the Bog Bodies of Northern Europe. In many of these cases evidence indicates that sacrifice was accompanied by complex rituals including manipulation of body parts and excarnation
>>18134594The pic doesn't make sense since they're comparing Oxford to the Aztecs when in reality Teotihuacan is much older than both, dumbass
