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I can't buy the historical narrative that northern Germanic peoples didn't have a writing system while at the same time they had advanced ship and port building, metallurgy and navigation.

A writing system makes all of the above more managable.

What gives?
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>>18127087
You don't need writing for anything you listed
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>>18127087
Are you completely retarded? how are there "people" on this board that don't know what rune is?
The left/non-whites really aren't sending their best jesus christ
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>>18127087
Lost to Mesoamericas
Lost to Semitics
Lost to meds
Lost to Neolithic iranians
Lost to chinese
Lost to meds
Lmao
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>>18127087
>I can't buy the historical narrative that northern Germanic peoples didn't have a writing system
Literally who ever said this retard?
>>
They did have a writing system, just not a reliable source of paper. Hence why the runes were often engraved on stone or metal. Its possible they used velum and there are legends of nordic wizards who wrote grimoires with pages of human skin. Youd think if some batshit wizard could figure out human skin as a source of paper they could figure out animal skin.
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>>18127092
>>18127095
I meant before coming into contact with Romans, an independand system.

God damn I thought that point was obvious.
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>>18127087
Looks shitty
Colonia Ulpia Traiana was one of the most important cities in the German provinces. During its heyday, it housed more than ten thousand people, whose history can be reconstructed from the traces left in the ground.
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>>18127093
Listen monkey you are not a med. A Mediterranean is a white European just like a swede.
All the technology you are using right now absolutely everything was designed and built by Northern Europeans. We didn't lose to anyone that's just your non-white inferiority complex talking
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>>18127092
>The left/non-whites really aren't sending their best jesus christ

You do realize that the OP is pro Nordic civ, right?

/pol/ is brainrot.
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>>18127100
Lmao
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>>18127091
Sure you also don't NEED toilet paper, stones do just fine.
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>>18127097
>an independand system.
Latin script came from Greek and ultimately from Phoenician and Egyptian hieroglyphics you dumb fuck. Learn what cultural diffusion is. There was no independently developed mediterranean script developed ever (at least not from the mainland) find one for me.
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>>18127093
1) lost to Mesoamericans
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>>18127105
So you're a low iq arab mutt from Sicily? well that explains the stupidity. You should be really embarrassed right now that anons are mistaking you for a Brazilian basically proving you southern mutts aren't European but act more similar to turd worlders with the same inferiority complexes lmao
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>>18127108
Lost to stacking dirt and stones? id picrel losing to that? shitskin seething envy at it again
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>>18127101
>You do realize that the OP is pro Nordic civ, right?
No he isn't this is an anti-white propaganda/baiting thread.
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>>18127105
Consider this hypothetical scenario. Let's say there's a brutal race war between two groups. We have one side with Pakistanis, Iraqis , Algerians and Nigerians. The other side is lilly white nords and west euros like English, Swedes and Germans.

Now you a Greek, an Italian or a Spainard have to pick a side here. which one? do you honestly think the Arabs, pakis and blacks will consider you one of their own? no they won't they will consider you just another colonizing white dog, cut your throat and let you bleed out.

That's it the end!! YOU ARE WHITE!! no more divide and conquer bullshit!
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>>18127097
Runes werent introduced by the romans. They existed among the germanic peoples by the time of roman contact. Its believed the runes are derived from estruscan or phoenician, mixed with the older vinca culture symbols which were used as a kind of symbolic alphabet, but it not was not nearly as standardized as what we would define as an alphabet today. Many alphabets arose this way; a writing system is not something that just pops out of nowhere. It takes time to develop and refine itself. Even the romans at this point in time had no puncuation, no capitals and no spaces in their writings. Those were all later innovations. Before that everyone wrote like this: YOUAREADUMBGAYFAGGOTGOSUCKACOCKYOURMOTHERISAWHOREBTWNOWLETMETELLYOUTHESTORYOFHOWVARUSLOSTHISLEGIONS
With that in mind maybe you can appreciate how long it takes to develop an advanced writing system. The germanics probably just didnt have the time for it and recorded data and information in other ways. Memory and oral tradition can be pretty reliable. Many things were recorded through poems since that makes it easier to memorize, like the 9 herbs charm, which recounts not just mythical information but medicinal knowledge.
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>>18127093
2) lost to semitics
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>>18127093
3) lost to meds
(3d Athens)
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>>18127121
This is losing to some mudbricks?

Again all the technology you are using right now was designed and built by white men. You use history as a coping mechanism because you are a filthy low iq non-white subhuman that is filled with spite and envy for superior white men.
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>>18127093
4)Lost to Neolithic iranians
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>>18127106
Non sequitur
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>>18127108
You know germans were building the cologne cathedral before any mexishit shoshone barbarians had invaded and culturally appropiated olmec culture right? Its astounding how mexicans still fail to understand how young their civilizations were. There was nothing but a cactus infested lake in mexico during the times of the iron age. Germans had far surpassed you already by the time you managed to cobble together your little demon temples
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>>18127123
Ah yes the non-white brown romans
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>>18127125
All you can do is dodge. You're too cowardly and stupid to reply to my posts.
>>18127100
>>18127111
>>18127117
>>18127124
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>>18127127
It's a arab mutt leftist shitskin from Sicily. He's seething with envy for first world intelligent white men.
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>>18127125
>primtive mudbrick favela
Gee I'm in awe of the sophistication
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>>18127093
5) lost to chinese
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>>18127134
Look at this coward not even attempting a retort because he knows I'll wipe the floor with him. Come on respond to my posts you spiteful little smelly shitsskin
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>>18127127
This Aztecs were northern barbarians who appropriated Toltec civilization. Might explain why they were so insanely violent compared to the Mayans and other mesos.
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>>18127134
>ming dysnasty
Pic is from the same period kys shitskin
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>>18127134
6) lost to meds again lmao
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>>18127141
>White people lost to other white people
And did you forget the Germanics literally destroying the roman empire you dumb poo skinned monkey?
You have nothing to say because you have a turd world low iq and can't actually come up with a retort lmao
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>>18127141
>the diarrhea skinned monkey is so dumb and ignorant it doesn't know the roman empire was destroyed by Germanic barbarians with them becoming the new rulers for centuries completely cucking the shit out of meds
Lmao that's losing is it?
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>>18127113
How? I literally implied they invented something but it got lost. Holy shit you are dumb.
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>>18127117
>do you honestly think the Arabs, pakis and blacks will consider you one of their own
Easy, I enslave and conquer them both, because they are barbaric beings without humanity, this has happened before, related photo. We conquered Semitics and britons
>>18127124
They had civilization, they didn't live in matriarchal granaries, and they formed an empire, look at the Assyrians... Germanic tribes formed a loose confederation, or the Celts led by women.
>>18127127
Cathedrals are later and already show a strong Mediterranean influence, but I won't dwell on that too much; Mesoamericanism isn't my area of expertise, but a mesofag could educate you on that.
>>18127133
They had a centralized government, they certainly didn't have tribal chiefs, which is how the favelas of Rio de Janeiro are. Lawless, just like in Germany.
>>18127137
try again
>>18127140
See above
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>>18127141
Lost? lets see about that
>During Boudicca's uprising, an estimated 70,000 to 80,000 people were killed by the rebels
The British rebels literally purged Italians from Britain practically every last Italian was exterminated on the island and you think that's winning? lmao
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>>18127142
Hmm Now we are "white"? Look at what you guys says about our people
>arab mutt leftist shitskin from Sicily
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>>18127120
The mainstream narrative is that it came from the Romans.

>Memory and oral tradition can be pretty reliable

Not for complex things like sailing.
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>>18127151
Nice try, Mutt
Magnus Maximus simply withdrew troops from northern and western Britain, leaving local warlords in charge. lmao the island was Romanized, yes, I won. We abandoned the island because it was economically worthless and unviable, Honorius refused a request for military aid from Great Britain haha
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>>18127153
Why do you think sailors shanties are a thing?
>mainstream narrative is that is came from romans
Literally never heard anyone say this. Mainstream theory is they came from the estruscans. Who were a different and much older culture than the romans.
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>>18127148
If cathedrals dont count because they exhibit some med influence then aztec temples definitely dont count since they took those from earlier cultures. And germanic cathedrals still mog anything the romans made, to the point italians called them gothic out of pure jealousy and seethe
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>>18127148
>Easy, I enslave and conquer them both, because they are barbaric beings without humanity, this has happened before, related photo. We conquered Semitics and britons
That's just fantasy larp bullshit Europe is literally being invadered by millions of non-whites who want you dead and you are larping like a 13 year old. Grow up and stop being a divide and conquer heap of scum, you're doing the jews work for them for free because of your non-white spite and envy. But you aren't a European anyway but a tiny little miniature spiteful brownshit
>They had civilization
So did the norse I'm already proven that in older threads using civilizational hallmarks.
>Cathedrals are later and already show a strong Mediterranean influence
No they don't gothic architecture is a phenomenon of North and Western Europe.
>but a mesofag could educate you on that.
I already tore one to shreds in another thread. See you are not a European you think like a turd world brownshit.
>They had a centralized government
Norse had that
>just like in Germany.
You don't know anything about Germany pooskin there were no tribal chieftains in the 9th century.
>try again
I've torn you to shreds with my superior northern intellect.
>See above
Show me a gothic cathedral from Greece or Italy that is older then 600 years.
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>>18127152
Sicilians are not white and in roman times you were a backwater of the empire just like how you are a non-white crime ridden shithole of Europe.
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>>18127160
Ah the envy, bitterness and spite of the turd world non-white
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>>18127156
Ok I concede, I misremembered stuff. Still the point is why is a writing system harder to develop than metallurgy or navigation and the corresponding chemistry and mathematics.
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>>18127155
>We abandoned the island because it was economically worthless and unviable,
"You" sorry but an arab mutt such as yourself hardly counts as a true roman lmao. but anyway "you" abandoned it because you're cowards who got btfo by the natives and the rebels annihilated ethnic Italian settlers from the island again I'd hardly call that winning.
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>>18127152
>we
There's no we arab, your larping is hilarious. Give me an example of a famous Sicilian roman?
>>
Hey losers, look closely because I have to delete this photo.
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>>18127179
Why do you desperately want to be a non-white turd worlder?
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>>18127186
Changed your tune, troon? Wasn't I some kind of brown Arab or Indian or something? Use the semantics of the internet doesn't work in 2025. Besides, I said the cathedrals had Mediterranean *influence* because they're obviously based on Greco-Roman architecture. And stop crying, your friends have been calling me a brown Arab since the beginning of the thread, the "brown southern European" rivalry was created by YOU, but who cares? I don't want to be part of the bunch of idiots who were dominated by women, lol
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>>18127148
>Easy, I enslave and conquer them both
I'd love to see Sicily conquer even the southern part of the Italian peninsula lmao. All you know how to do is be criminal scumbags.
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Behold the great Capitol of the Nordcuck Fagyanas, remarkably for 2000 years they couldn’t build anything more than an African tier village being literally 100% of the population there, but supposedly 5% of them went around the known world and established great Civilizations. Comically chimp tier reasoning.
>>
>bro! Stop the brother wars! Please!
NIETZSCHE, the guru of the nordic community says...
>It would have been much better if the Greeks had been conquered by the Persians instead of by the Romans.
Yes, you guys are so pro-europe

NIETZSCHE
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>>18127190
>because they're obviously based on Greco-Roman architecture
They aren't a gothic cathedral has very very little to do with Greco-Roman architecture explain in detail where the influence is.
Show me the Greco-Roman cathedrals with enormous bell towers and spires. Go on!

You are a stinking pile of shit europe is being invaded by rapists, scammers, terrorists and subhumans that want to destroy everything we have built and here you are spreading anti-white propaganda hating other Europeans. I hope some mudslime rocket engineer slits your throat it would be poetic justice.
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>>18127195
You are a subhuman arab mutt you will never be a european.
>>
Hey bros, I have to pick up my girlfriend from her mom's house, I'll be back in 40 minutes, I'll reply to you guys soon.
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>>18127199
>brother wars
Lmao imagine Sicilians trying to fight a war
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>>18127093
Yet they didn't lose to Tartars...
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>>18127195
>African tier village
I've already debunked this countless times they were literally thousands of years ahead of even 19th century Africans because of things like wheels, rotary querns, heavy ploughs or fucking ploughs in general, nails, doors with hinges, locks on said doors, riveting, cellars, upper floors, windows with shutters, or translucent hides stretched over them, chimneys, hammers and various other iron age tools, spurs, clothing comparable to medieval clothing, trousers, leader shoes, cloaks, advanced textiles in general, belts I could go on and on all night.

You dumb fucks don't realize that Germanics had pretty much all the same technologies as the romans aside from the monumental architecture.
You're understanding of this subject is shallow and ignorant as fuck.
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>>18127232
This was made by Germanics in 100BC
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>>18127233
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>>18127235
>>
His hand was cute at least :/
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>>18127087
They didn’t have that either, their only buildings were mudhuts prior to their contact with Phoenician traders in North Sea, same goes for Greeks and Romans btw.
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>>18127232
Forgot to mention timber bracing way more advanced then african shit they rarely used hewn wood mostly using roundwood logs or just tree trucks that haven't been debarked which is papuan tier.
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>>18127248
>prior to their contact with Phoenician traders in North Sea
There's absolutely no evidence for this you poop skinned subhuman monkey.
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>>18127253
Dumb ignorant fucks don't actually understand how much more advanced this architecture was compared to most huts in Africa.
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>>18127256
And was actually really comfy
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Who build the nordic bronze age guys? Kek
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>>18127264
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>>18127265
Meds
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>>18127265
Nordic people kys, you have no physical evidence.
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>>18127273
Do I have to educate you again? I showed you like six studies, hahaha.
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>this time the western Mediterranean became the focus of new direct trade with the expanding Tumulus Culture of western Central Europe, which secured direct connections to Jutland and its sources of amber. The archaeological evidence shows that the Tumulus societies were in contact with the Aegean city-states through the exchange of amber and metal items, and also perhaps of perishable goods (Fig. 1). It created new wealth in the Nordic Bronze Age and led to the formation of a specific Nordic style based on Mycenaean templates. New habits from shaving to sitting on campstools were adopted (Kaul Reference Kaul2013).
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>>18127100
>E=mc2
Who's gonna tell this guy?
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>>18127284
kek Nordics are so barbaric, we even taught them to use bronze, because before the Mediterraneans with their tanned legs educated these snow-dwelling Africans, they had that pathetic Bacchanalian culture, which used stone axes kek and the Celts educated them because the Mediterraneans educated the Celts.
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>>18127277
They weren't studies they were conjecture, speculation from dated sources. The archaeological consensus does not in any way agree with those scholars.
There is no Nordic rock art showing Phoenician style ships with square sails, there is no genetic evidence that has been found, no remains of Phoenicians ships of been found and the metal tested from bronze age sites indicates that it was pretty much all made locally. You ZERO evidence, nothing, silch nothing tangible only dated Speculation by quacks. You've already been btfo don't try me again because I'll rip into you harder with the facts this time.

Get a knife and stick it in your throat poopskin.
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>>18127284
Speculation/conjecture and appeal to authority. Show me physical evidence subhuman monkey.
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>>18127117
>do you honestly think the Arabs, pakis and blacks will consider you one of their own?
Neither will you, so what difference does it make?
We need to look out for ourselves.
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>>18127308
>We need to look out for ourselves.
But will Europeans fighting each other help while Europe is being overrun? I can't believe I even need to point this out I'm really dealing with mental toddlers every time I'm on this website.
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>>18127284
These are Mycenaean stools.
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>>18127100
A fair amount is Italian and French. Neither are Northern Europeans.
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>>18127317
And this is a nordic bronze age stool. They look absolutely nothing alike, this scholar is a quack and I just completely wrecked his baseless conjecture.
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>>18127295
>>18127304
Haha
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>>18127319
I'm just making a point to non-whites that the modern world as we know it is literally the product of the so-called barbarians, the snowniggers. Now watch them cry in spiteful envious rage.
>>
Nord bros? Our answer
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>>18127323
You have no actual arguments, just a double digit iq and a couple dated sources.
This is literally a fallacy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_authority
Give me your argument or actual science-based evidence, speculation and conjecture is not evidence. I've already completely humiliated you but you are too braindead and lacking in self-awareness to see that typical of a turd worlder.

I've already challenged you multiple times and all you do is shit outdated sources. COME UP WITH YOUR OWN RETORT YOU LAZY SACK OF SHIT!!!
Show data not speculation, show me physical evidence like a fucking ship depicted on a rock.
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>>18127326
To even develop navigation and trade customs is super important. That is the crowning Nord achievement.
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>>18127326
Of course the copper came from elsewhere halfwit there isn't much copper deposits in Scandinavia most European copper came from the British isles.
You are such a cretinous dishonest piece of subhuman filth I'd would honestly flay you alive if I got my hands on you.
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>>18127087
They did have a writing system, but most didn't know it. It wasn't used for recording much, mostly saying the equivalent of saying "Bjorn was here" or used for magic spells (the origin of the word "spelling").

They weren't like the Romans who had the understanding that everything can (and should) be written down. The Romans were really the first to think of writing's vast scope and ways that it could be utilized in literally everything.

They also tended to have mud and timber constructions rather than stone/concrete/marble, naturally anything carved into wood ain't gonna last very long. That's why most of the examples we have of Norse ruins are usually on various stone markers scattered throughout their lands. That was about the only time they wrote on something permanent enough to exist in present times.

No doubt the Germanic people were behind in matters of intellect, but they made up for it in raw battle prowess.
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>>18127331
All his "sources" are nothing but dated conjecture. There's no forensic data, there's no physical evidence at all. It's all conjecture and speculation this brown rat is honestly just asking to be tortured to death.
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>>18127311
It's not not helping. And Europe is overrun because of you, anyways. Might not have been your idea, but boy were you happy to get a cut.
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>>18127326
Should a pull up sources from a book claiming ancient Atlantean built rome? will I win then? or I could pull up sources showing that there are nazi rocket bases on mars. There are words and stuff? words and stuff and date inserted here means win teh argument to you.

You have no actual tangible evidence absolutely NOTHING! no scientific forensic data, no remains, no dna no nothing just the ramblings of quacks basically woo woo.
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>>18127326
Damn, so even literal EEFoids educate the Noirdzoos? Based, I knew those stinky swords came from the Nordic Mediterranean, they wouldn't be capable of that.
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>>18127348
>And Europe is overrun because of you
All i'm seeing is more non-white spite and envy. This level of hatred is only born from a spiteful little brown manlet that comes from the asshole of Europe, a "culture" that is only known by the world because of crime.
Your shithole is no better than albania lmao
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>>18127236
Fun fact: in 2016 I went to a museum in Denmark, and on purpose I broke a ceramic vase hahaha and my friends and I ran away
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>>18127357
See, this is what was lurking behind the
>no more brother wars
It doesn't take much for you people to drop the mask.
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>>18127356
>I knew those stinky swords came from the Nordic Mediterranean
Provide tangible evidence of this not ramblings and conjecture and also get a knife and jam it in your throat you heap of stinking feces.
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>>18127359
Holy shit, I hadn't thought of that, getting a group together and destroying every archaeological site lol
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>>18127363
>>18127359
Cringe and gay, just because African or Taino art is below average doesn't mean we should destroy it, no, retard, no.
>>18127362
The study is scientific and published in a reputable journal; it is a consensus.
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>>18127359
I bet you are like 30 or something but you have the mental maturity of a 9 year old. That's what you get with low iq non-white turd world "cultures" a whole society filled with retarded mentally stunted grown children, no wonder you can't maintain a functioning society.
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>>18127361
>It doesn't take much for you people to drop the mask.
Because its only you mutts like you spreading anti-white propaganda because you're bitter your pathetic shithole island will never amount to anything.
You started this wop stop lying and using outdated speculation to we wuz Scandinavian history.
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>>18127359
Disgusting tard
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>>18127371
>The study is scientific
Where's the science? rambling and speculation is not science I need data, I need physical evidence not a bunch of words.
>>
OP here, I lament making this thread.
The point of it was to speculate upon independant writing systems that would help in navigation and trade, I used Nordics because they were good at it.
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>>18127380
>I need physical evidence not a bunch of words.
Just read the paper
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/connected-histories-the-dynamics-of-bronze-age-interaction-and-trade-15001100-bc/46BCCABC4C8D05B5D5846D891D51F92D
See the sources
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>>18127371
>it is a consensus
Proof? consensus from 2014?
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>>18127383
Many such cases
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>>18127385
See you don't have actually have an argument, all you do is brainlessly spam this bullshit.
A paper is not scientific evidence, you have yet to provide anything tangible now go and kys manlet
This is called appeal to authority.
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>>18127385
Cope
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>>18127399
Yes? The Mycenaeans educated Central Europe, and then Central Europe educated the Norse. I know that.
>>
Who gives a fuck if they traded for copper swords, the fact that advanced ports, ships and trade routes were established is the achievement.
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>>18127405
Bronze spreads from the South to the North. The Nordic Bronze Age is most dense in Denmark and Scania. Places where the Boat Axe culture was only Peripherally, and where the Single Grave culture dominated.
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>>18127399
What boat? definitely not a Phoenicians ship because there's absolutely no evidence for that. The beaker people's and Atlantic bronze aged peoples used seaworthy boats that lacked sails they could of traded with the nords. His paper isn't claiming swords were made in the Mediterranean numbskull all it's saying is that the copper and tin was sourced elsewhere you are such a lying piece of shit.
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>>18127405
Kys it was practically impossible for Mycenaeans to travel to Scandinavia this is wakanda tier bullshit there's no evidence for this aside from potential indirect long distance trade influence.
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>>18127410
Its possible that PC (proto-cuckmanics spread into Shitcandinavia with the advent of stone axe (lmao) into the region, in bronze age. Scandinavia in both the Bronze and Iron ages was extremely barbaric so the Proto-Germanic language backspreading into the majority of para-germanic scandinavia due to its prestigiousness as the iron-working language and also the prestigiousness of the Celtic world and Proto-Germanic contacts with them mediating technology into Scandinavia sounds plausible
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>>18127421
Scandinavia in both the Bronze and Iron ages was extremely interconnected and largely homogenous
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>>18127424
Not really
Battle axe=neandertal
Pre-proto-germanic=homo sapiens
Proto-Germanic= cro magon
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>>18127087
That's all just tradition though. They learned all those things the hard way, and then future people learned through oral tradition, apprenticeship, and observation.

If they lost all examples of the Longship and all living shipwrights, they'd be fucked, but luckily that was very unlikely to happen.
>>
>>18127429
I agree that BAC was Yoruba in material terms, but PPG was already NB, it was quite advanced, but it didn't do everything alone.
>>
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>>18127399
Btfo by ai again.
>inbf using ai as your brain
You're using Kristian Kristiansen as your brain you haven't made a single retort of your own just fallacy after fallacy of appeals to authority.
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>>18127429
>neanderthal
Why?
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>>18127445
Scandinavia in 2300
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>>18127445
It's a spiteful tiny little anti-white brown manlet from Sicily that's why he's envious of good looking Europeans who actually accomplished things other than crime.
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>>18127454
I am not the anonymous person from Sicily.
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>>18127433
Sem this I can not buy.
>>
>>18127453
If you weren't a dumb fuck with brain damage you've know those battle axes are actually extremely high quality. The polishing was the was some of the best in the world at the time.
Show me what Italy looked like during the battle axe culture. Do you know? It was a primitive shithole
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>>18127092
>>18127087
>how are there "people" on this board that don't know what rune is?
Because they're retarded on purpose
>>
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>>18127464
>>
>>18127468
The dumb manlet thinks this is a gotcha let's see if he can find anything high quality from Italy of the same time.
Actually I'd like to see any other culture in the world that polished stone to the same degree as this with this level of skill.
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>>18127460
Well you're a jeet/mudslime or a leftoid subhuman. Some kind of envious spiteful mutant whatever you are
>>
>>18127482
Look at the Egyptian stone vases.
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>>18127532
>Egyptian stone vases
I just did they don't look better desu
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>>18127544
You really think it's not harder to make a stone vase than such a simple hammer?
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>>18127482
Italy was already in the metal age back then.
>>
So much dickwaving ITT you’re all Indians STFU

There would have plenty of people around in ancient Germania who spoke Greek or Latin. They were in regular contact with the Mediterranean world. Just because we don’t have their writings anymore doesn’t mean they never existed.
>>
>>18127557
Alright show it then. You realise the battle-axe culture were still making those polished stone axes hundreds of years after discovering bronze? Bronze was good for knives, spears and sometimes arrowheads for them but those stone axes were still a superior blunt for weapon for hundreds of years.
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>>18127634
>blunt force weapon
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>>18127232
>they were literally thousands of years ahead of even 19th century Africans
Cope.
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>>18127865
Remembering that West Africans already possessed firearms (which appeared in Europe around the second quarter of the 14th century) since the 15th century, through contact with Muslims and the Portuguese. They could live in primitive conditions, but they already possessed modern technologies.
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>>18127326
Of course they imported copper; there wasn't a lot of copper in Scandinavia. If anything that fact, plus the fact that large quantities of bronze tools were found in Scandinavia anyway, is proof that these people were pretty civilizationally advanced. They imported the era's most valuable commodities (copper, tin and gold) in large quantities from thousands of miles away, meaning they had something of approximately equal value to trade for them (most likely amber and high quality timber) and the social and physical infrastructure to facilitate trade over such a distance.
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>>18127888
>ca 16-19th century
That's not a good sign. The speed of development elsewhere in the world, particularly in Western Europe, was such that experts can look at a European firearm and determine not just the century but the decade of its creation.
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>>18127087
imagine the smell
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>>18127093
Thermonuclear TRVKE
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>>18127100
>A Mediterranean is a white European just like a swede.
LMAO delusional medjeet
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>>18127117
>YOU ARE WHITE!!
>stop being a hecking racist bigot and ignore the nigger admixture in medjeets, they're hecking white and valid !!!!!
/pol/troons turn into diversity loving leftists when it's convenient lol



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