Who were worse for medieval Europeans: the Vikings, the Moors, or the Hungarians? Which group was the most destructive and terrifying to Europe?
>>18429646Hungarians affected the biggest areas, but the moors objectively conquered more permanently.
probably moors since they were still at large when the us were founded
>>18429649wat
>>18429660North africans kept doing naval raids until 1830, when the french conquered algeria.Europeans btw. also kept doing punitive expeditions like the americans, but they never conquered it permanently until then.
>>18429646The Norse had a eugenic and positive cultural influence like all Indo-European migrations. The Moorish question is kind of laughable because they were not this enlightened people, but little different from the illiterate centaurs like the Visigoths and Huns. They were literally oppressed in the lands they bled and died to conquer by their Arab elite, who were the actual forces that brought Persian and Islamic (mostly Persian) intellectual achievements of that sort to Europe. It complimented the Carolingian Renaissance and helped to foster what was to come. Hungarians were simply European. They have an indisputable Turkic heritage but after the Mongols, and successfully resisting them, they became definitively European. It's hard to argue they were ultimately destructive even. Huns were, no doubt. But what of them survived effectively became ensouled (white).
>>18429646Vikings and Moors built cities. Magyars were ineffectual raiders. None of these were sufficiently destructive in such a way as: The Roman campaigns against Carthage, The Mamluk conquests of the Crusader states.
>>18429646The most terrifying were the Vikings. Their ability to sail and row upriver even into creeks allowed their raids an absolute audacity such that nowhere in Europe felt safe. But that time lasted about two centuries before they converted to Christianity and the raids came to an end.Viking raids were sometimes beneficial. In the case of Portugal and Spain the Vikings learned not to bother attacking Christian settlements, focusing instead on richer Muslim cities in Iberia and North Africa.The worst and most destructive were the Muslims. From the time 640 AD when the Muslims first entered Roman Egypt there was war between Europeans and Muslims during the Medieval period. War in Libya, war in Algeria, war in Iberia. The Visigoth civil war allowed Muslim armies into France. Their forward momentum was brought to a halt through uncoordinated victories at Toulouse, Covadonga, and Tours. Even after these victories, the Muslims still held substantial ground in Iberia.The Muslims then shifted onto the Mediterranean, raiding wherever they could. The Muslim attack on Rome in 846 AD was a direct attack on the Basilica of St. Peter. Successive popes would build the Leonine Wall and found the Papal Navy to defend Rome from future attacks. The papacy itself became a more political and military institution as it was determined that the pope also needed to be a decent general to defend the city from attack. It was only after the year 1000 with the help of the Normans that the threat of Muslim raids were eliminated from Southern Italy.Sicily was reconquered in 1091 AD after over 250 years of Muslim rule. The First Crusade was launched in 1096 AD to retake the Holy Land after centuries of warfare. The Reconquista in Portugal and Spain would last throughout most of the Medieval period. Portugal completed the conquest of the Algarve in 1249 AD. Granada remained as a stubbornly independent tribute paying kingdom until its final conquest by Spain in 1492 AD.
>>18430318Truth, and this is why you know someone is a complete retard if they mention Crusades as being equal in any way to the holy wars fought by the muslims.Even as an atheist someone can recognize that the crusades were essentially, existential wars of survival for european peoples.
>>18430318He said Moors, not "Muslims".
>>18430339I think the great threat was in 1354 AD when the Ottomans crossed the Hellespont into Europe for the first time. That and the 1543 AD fall of Constantinople. Still crazy to see the Turks came as far as the walls of Vienna.>>18430382https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moors>Europeans of the Middle Ages and the early modern period variously applied the name to Arabs, Berbers, Muslim Europeans, and the diverse Muslims of West/Central Asia. The term has been historically applied to broadly refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent — in the Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia).
>>18429724Magyar were before the mongols bud
>>18430318>The most terrifying were the Vikings. Their ability to sail and row upriver even into creeks allowed their raids an absolute audacity such that nowhere in Europe felt safethis
>>18429664By the 19th century most Europeans just settled for paying the Barbary pirates to fuck off. European presence in Africa until latter 1800s was generally pretty minor and limited to taking over ports and coastal forts even whenever Europeans won wars.
