French soldiers committed mass rape against Spanish women and massacred Spanish civilians in Medina de Rio Seco and Chinchon.https://www.napolun.com/mirror/napoleonistyka.atspace.com/cruel_war_in_Spain.html#spain12French soldiers massacred and mass raped Spanish underage girls and women at Tarragona.https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/60390/pg60390-images.html#FNanchor_28British soldiers raped Spanish girls and women at Badajoz after liberating it from Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)#RampageFrench committed brutal atrocities against Portuguese in Torres Novas, Thomar, and Pernes, the convent Alcobaça, Leyriahttps://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington#1810sFrench under Massena sacked Coimbra in Portugalhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/duke-of-wellington-at-battle-of-fuentes-de-onoro/French troops raped Portuguese girls in villages in Beira Alta after killing their father, massacring Portuguese male civilians in Mangualde. In some Parishes, for every Portuguese female killed, 14 more were raped.https://www.academia.edu/144618917/Wellingtons_Strategy_Wider_Impacts_of_the_Third_French_Invasion_1810_1811page 76, French mass raped Portuguese girls and women who remained in their villages who trusted the French promise of safety.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/A_memoir_of_the_Duke_of_Wellington_%28IA_memoirofdukeofwe00macf%29.pdfhttps://lifeofwellington.co.uk/commentary/chapter-twenty-four-the-pursuit-of-massena-february-april-1811/https://www.napoleon-series.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Letters-and-Journal-of-Captain-Henry-Neville.pdfhttps://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18310791/#q18313627>>18313627Previous rapes committed by English soldiers in Portugal in 1381 during a Portuguese-Castile war.https://deremilitari.org/2025/01/the-english-in-portugal-1381-according-to-fernao-lopes/https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18414604/#q18415390>>18415390
>>18730342About 35% of Britain's army in that war was potato nigger and Wellington was himself basically a potato mestizo
Spanish BVLLs took their pleasure with the girls of China.Chinese teenage girls were raped, no, pleasured by swarthy, hairy, muscular, hyper robust Iberian warriors who effortlessly slaughtered chinksect animals in the millions. To this day Spanish surnames are common in the Islands off the coast of China and in many coastal cities in China you find swarthy people with curly hair, they are unusually tall like their Spanish daddies, and they tend to rule over shorter, weaker, narrower chinese "people" like a Farmer rules over animals or a great beast rules over his breeding stock.This post has the evidence for Spain leaving an intense sexual mark on Chinese midgets.>>1488
>>18730342https://www.napolun.com/mirror/napoleonistyka.atspace.com/cruel_war_in_Spain.html#spain12The devastation was such the soldiers quippedthat even a crow flying over the ruined countrywould have to carry its own provisions.French occupation: rape, pillage, and drunkenness.The French did not or could not distinguish betweenguerrilla and civilian. Hence innocent civilianskilled in reprisal or revenge."... number of towns whose inhabitants were accused offiring on the French ... experienced appaling massacres."French cuirassiers raping Spanish nuns. Picture by La Roche.The civilian population were treated by the French in a manner that ranged from the merely boisterous to downright brutal. Rape, pillage, murder, thievery, drunkenness and anything else were common. "... the number of towns whose inhabitants were accused of firing on the French - most notably, Medina de Rio Seco and Chinchon - experienced appaling massacres. To decribe this policy as genocide - a term that can certainly be applied in other contexts, most notably the Vendee - would be to go too far.Many French officers were, in fact, keenly aware that their aim had to be driving a wedge between the insurgents and the populace as a whole and struggled hard to keep their men under control, whilst further restraints were often exercized by the civilian officials who became involved in the various anti-bandits tribunals established by such rulers as Joseph Bonaparte." (Esdaile - "Popular Resistance in the French Wars" p 12)But still many French officers and generals looked for loot and women, with both seduction and rape being frequent occurrences. Some generals brought their wives which angered Napoleon. In July 1813 Napoleon wrote to General Clarke: "Give orders that all the wives ... (and) all the loose women, including those who go dressed as men, ... be removed beyond the Garonne immediately."French infantryfighting in church.
>>18730342>>18730371Campaign in Spain.Wherever the French soldiers went the Church's property was expropriated and the religious orders dissolved. The French did not or could not distinguish between guerrilla and civilian. Hence innocent civilians killed in reprisal or revenge.The enraged soldiers often went on a frenzy of carnage. Napoleon attempted to improve the situation. For example "before the Young Guard hit the road to Spain for on-the-jog training, the conscripts received a very modern-seeming orientation, stressing the Spanish attitude toward such matters as religion and women ..." (Elting - "Swords Around a Throne" pp 194-195)Despite more or less genuine efforts to maintain discipline, the soldiers supplemented their rations by living off the country, fed their campfires with furniture, window frames, doors and fencing, and made off with a wide variety of valuables and trinkets.The supplies of food and uniforms were unsufficient. The soldiers began wearing captured Spanish uniforms. The Baden infantry replaced their leather helmets with the ones of British 23rd Regiment of Light Dragoons, which had lost half their men in a foolish charge at Talavera. The French 13rd Cuirassier Regiment had no armor and wore brown Spanish jackets.
>>18730342https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/60390/pg60390-images.html#FNanchor_28On the 28th a breach had been made between two bastions capable of only two, or, at the most, three men abreast. That afternoon there was a strong cannonade: it ceased, and a dispatch came off from Contreras to the squadron, saying that the British guns had silenced the enemy’s batteries, that very little harm had been done to the place, and that the breach was nothing; yet he said, knowing the city was not tenable, he had determined upon leaving it with the garrison next day. While the British officer was reading this dispatch, the enemy were seen from the ships storming the breach, and in half an hour the place was carried. The Spaniards, disheartened by all the previous events of the siege, ... betrayed by some, and by others deceived and disappointed, ... abandoned themselves now: they were seized with a sudden panic; ... and there is nothing to alleviate, nothing to mingle with and modify the horror wherewith the ensuing tragedy will be regarded as long as the history of these times shall be held in remembrance. The scene was shameful as well as shocking. Instead of maintaining the breach, as the people of Gerona had done when suffering under disease and famine; instead of attempting to cut their way through the enemy, which at one time had less wisely and less generously been intended, the soldiers fled. Without the satisfaction of selling their lives dearly, or the sense of duty to console them in death, they suffered themselves to be butchered without resistance. Some of the officers tried every means to rally their men, but such efforts were in vain; that moral discipline had been neglected by which Zaragoza and Gerona have rendered themselves for ever worthy of admiration. The governor of the place, Gonzalez, with a handful of brave men, defended himself till the last, and fell. Contreras was wounded, and taken prisoner. The last effort was made before the cathedral,
>>18730374whither a multitude of Spaniards had betaken themselves; some in the vain hope that the sanctity of the place might protect them, some that they might die before their altars, and some to avail themselves of the vantage ground afforded by the ascent, which is by a flight of308 threescore steps. The conquerors made their way up under a destructive fire; and their fury, according to Suchet, knew no bounds, till upon entering the cathedral they beheld nine hundred wounded lying on the pavement. Their bayonets, he says, respected them; and he commends what he calls this trait of humanity. Little was shown elsewhere; but the carnage was chiefly among the inhabitants. Many thousands who had got over the ramparts or through the embrasures, or through the gate of St. Antonio, fled along the beach. The French field artillery and the batteries opened a fire upon this mixed and flying multitude on one part; and on another the cavalry charged among them, sabring the women and children, and trampling them down.
>>18730376These execrable conquerors kept up a heavy fire upon the landing-place, where women and children stood grouped together, crowding to the British boats; and they endeavoured to sink the boats that were employed in this service of humanity. Suchet stated in his official account that four thousand men were killed in the city, and a thousand sabred or drowned in endeavouring to make their escape, ... “a horrible massacre had been made,” he said, “with little loss on the side of the conquerors; the terrible example which he had foreseen had taken place, and would be long remembered in Spain!” From the Spaniards and from our own officers we learned what was the nature of this example, which, because it was threatened, must be believed to have been predetermined! More than 6000 unresisting persons were butchered; old and young, man and woman, mother and babe; and when the enemy had satiated their thirst for blood they turned to the perpetration of crimes more damnable than murder. In the streets and in the churches they violated women who had escaped their first fury, only to suffer now worse horrors before they died. Nuns and wives, and widows in the hour when they were widowed, girls and children, were seized on by these monsters, ... and, retaining their cruelty when rage and lust were palled, they threw many of these victims, and of the wounded Spaniards, into the burning houses.There were officers in this accursed army whose hearts revolted at the wicked service in which they were engaged, and who at all times redeemed themselves as far as they could by acts of individual humanity. What little mercy was shown at Tarragona ... little indeed it was, ... was owing to such men. But General Suchet was of the school of terrorists29; his intention was to intimidate Catalonia and the whole of Spain by this terrible example; and on the following morning he ordered the Alcaldes and Corregidores from the surrounding country to be brought together and led
>>18730379through310 the streets of Tarragona, that they might see the bodies which were lying there, and report to their countrymen what they might expect if they dared attempt resistance to the French! If, indeed, at any time it were possible to intimidate such a people as the Catalans, who in all ages have shown the same invincible resolution, it would have been now, when the last bulwark of the province had fallen. By some strange imprudence the greater part of their ammunition had been deposited there, and very little remained in those parts of the country which were yet free. There still remained in the field the remains of an army which they had clothed and armed at their own cost, as well as raised among themselves; and which, often as it had been defeated, had nevertheless shown a braver countenance to the enemy, and inflicted upon him greater loss than any other in the Spanish service. The general, however, held a council of war at Cervera; the usual course when a commander wishes to shift from himself the ignominy of the measures which he is prepared to take. It was proposed to abandon the province, as if farther resistance were hopeless. Eroles was not present; and though Sarsfield, who was the first to give his opinion, declared that any one who should vote for such an abandonment would be a traitor to his country, and that he and his division would stand or fall with the principality, he received only a faint and false support from Campoverde, and was consequently outvoted; and an aid-de-camp of the general was sent to inform Captain Codrington that they were on their march to Arens, there to embark, leaving their horses on the beach. Codrington replied, that having brought the Valencians thither for a special service, he felt himself bound in duty to take their division on board, and return them to the general and kingdom by which they had been spared; but that he would not embark the army of Catalonia, and thus make himself a party concerned in the
>>18730382abandonment of a province which he was sent to protect. Upon receiving this answer, Campoverde determined upon marching into Aragon, ... not upon any brave attempt, but for the chance of making his way into some safer country; a determination which so dismayed the Valencians, that nearly 2000 of them dispersed, as well knowing how much better they could shift for themselves individually than they were likely to fare in such an undertaking. The commander now began to perceive that as the English would not take away his army by sea, neither would the troops follow him by land; and there was a general call that Eroles should take upon himself the command. But Eroles, who acted always from a worthier motive than ambition, replied to the Junta of generals who would have conferred it upon him in obedience to the voice of the people, that as long as any of those who were his superior officers remained in the principality, he must decline it; but that whenever, in pursuance of the resolution which had been taken, they should pass the boundaries, he would then, however unwillingly, take upon him that duty, rather than see his country thrown into the worse anarchy which must otherwise ensue.
>>18730342British infantry attempt to scale the walls of Badajoz, the site of one of several bloody sieges conducted during the Peninsular War.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)#RampageRampageAfter the capture of the city, British troops became drunk on stocks of captured alcohol and began rampaging through the city. During the sack of Badajoz, numerous homes were broken into, private property was vandalized or stolen, civilians of all ages and backgrounds raped and many British officers trying to bring the rampaging troops to order were shot by the men.[19][5] Captain Robert Blakeney wrote:The infuriated soldiery resembled rather a pack of hell hounds vomited up from infernal regions for the extirpation of mankind than what they were but twelve short hours previously – a well-organised, brave, disciplined and obedient British Army, and burning only with impatience for what is called glory.[20]Despite this, some historians have defended the actions of the British soldiers by arguing that the aftermath could not have been avoided considering the ferocity of the battle. Ian Fletcher argues:Let us not forget that hundreds of British troops were killed and maimed by the fury of the respective assaults, during which men saw their comrades and brothers slaughtered before their very eyes. Should we really condemn them for feeling some degree of bitterness, for wanting to vent their anger upon somebody? The storming of a fortress is not the same as a battle where men expect casualties to occur. But when a force was asked to storm a fortress when practicable breaches had been formed, such casualties would have been deemed unnecessary. Given the enormity of the task facing the stormers in the Peninsula, I for one begrudge them none of their feelings of anger and desire for revenge.[21]On the other hand, Myatt writes:
>>18730387Presumably one can return to the laws of war which, imprecise though they were, did at least suggest propriety of a surrender when a practicable breach had been made, to which Phillipon might very justifiably have retorted that practicable was not a recognisable description of breaches on which two of the best divisions in the British Army had failed to make any impressions, even though the extent of their effort can be measured by their losses.[22]After fifteen to eighteen hours Wellington finally issued an order that the sack of Badajoz should cease and ordered detachments to restore order beginning at 5 a.m. the next day.[23] However, it took another 72 hours before military order was completely restored in the ranks.[24] Many British soldiers were flogged as punishment and a gallows was erected, though no one was hanged.[25]Siege of Badajoz
>>18730342>>>/pol/527221428>>>/pol/527221525>>>/pol/527220047>>>/pol/511468795Iranic Alan and Berber Y-DNA in Spanish.https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18414604/#q18415256>>18415256https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18414604/#q18415272>>18415272caused.See this thread on the sheer damage the French did to Spanish heritage.https://twitter.com/IberianSpirit/status/1515432962631909383https://twitter.com/AdLucem7/status/1515480892998885378British and French troops both then mass raped Spanish girls and women in the Iberian war.https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18414604/#q18415997>>18415997https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18532842/#q18532846>>18532846
>>18730394>>18532846>>18532843https://x.com/IberianSpirit/status/1515432977223888903Iberian Spirit on X: "Besides, numerous buildings were lost and entire cities were razed to the ground. The British were also involved in all this. In Madrid, for example, the Royal Porcelain Factory of the Retiro was blown up by an English order.https://x.com/AlbertoMiguelF5/status/1724886925557870932Alberto Miguel Fernandez on X: "Charlemagne's actual crown was destroyed during the French Revolution. But Napoleon had the court jeweler and goldsmith Biennais make a new version which still exists and can also be seen in David's monumental "Le Sacre de Napoléon."https://x.com/HistoireOdyssee/status/1724686492595892330Histoire & Odyssée on X: "#LeSaviezVous En France, le 15 novembre 1793, un décret de la Convention déclare que tous les Français doivent manger le « même pain ». Tous les boulangers seront tenus, sous peine d'incarcération, de faire une seule sorte de pain. "https://x.com/IberianSpirit/status/1515432943707164678Iberian Spirit on X: "I don't normally post this kind of content, but for a long time I've wanted to make a thread about the destruction of Spain's artistic heritage by the French during the Spanish War of Independence.https://x.com/AdLucem7/status/1515480892998885378Ad Lucem on X: "The French troops also ransacked many sites in Portugal & countless relics of saints have been missing since that time period" / Xhttps://twitter.com/WorstEngineer/status/1426983126778093569Borzam on Twitter: "@PerthBotak @DavidLarter @BDHerzinger French culture was destroyed due to French revolution" / X
>>18730397>>18537400 >>18537407>>18537410>>18535616https://x.com/bo66ie29/status/1827105259707060286A map of the monasteries of England dissolved by King Henry VIII.https://x.com/acrimonyand/status/1827319794011431234This is why we have so little Anglo-Saxon literature left btwhttps://x.com/Italian347/status/1827429115550380407Henry VIII dissolving the Monasteries erased 95% (not hyperbole) of Anglo-Saxon literature from existencehttps://x.com/LongSchlongSil8/status/1474038718935744516All Anglo-Saxon literature can be compiled into a tiny box because Henry VIII burned them all during the dissolution of the monasteries. Imagine, we could've had our own Snorri Sturluson, and we wouldn't even know.https://x.com/tomfouldsyy/status/1868798059737657493I will never forgive henry VIII for the loss of all that anglo saxon literaturehttps://x.com/MattLNS/status/1939322172196917443I think 80% of all surviving Anglo-Saxon Literature was destroyed because of Henry VIII. He quite literally helped destroy England’s cultural heritage a bithttps://x.com/AdLucem7/status/1953029988443406729No, but roughly 90% or more of all Anglo-Saxon literature was lost after Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries & launched his "Cultural Revolution" against Catholic England. The samples we do have of the language are very fewhttps://x.com/AnglicanSaxon/status/1958564437322821738Why were the monasteries keeping the Anglo-Saxon literature to themselves?As societal bearers why did they not see it necessary to spread this information over the centuries?Why were the Englishmen under Henry VIII who destroyed the manuscripts unaware of their significance?
>>18730394https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindow_Woman#ConditionConditionOnly part of Lindow Woman's head was recovered from Lindow Moss in 1983. The remains consisted mainly of the skull, without the lower jaw, but some soft tissue and hair were still attached. The outer membrane of the skull had survived, and decomposed brain tissue remained inside the skull. Part of the left eye and its optic nerve could also be identified.[7]Although skin and muscle were present when the head was discovered, only the bony remains survived by the time they entered the collection of the British Museum in 1985. The surviving cranium is in two pieces and measures 180 millimetres (7.1 in) long and 132 millimetres (5.2 in) wide.[8]
>>18730342https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington#1810s1810seditI am concerned to be obliged to add to this account, that their conduct throughout this retreat has been marked by a barbarity seldom equalled, and never surpassed. Even in the towns of Torres Novas, Thomar, and Pernes, which the head quarters of some of the corps had been for 4 months, and in which the inhabitants had been invited, by promises of good treatment, to remain, they were plundered, and many of their houses destroyed, on the night the enemy withdrew from their position; and they have since burnt every town and village through which they have passed. The convent Alcobaça was burnt by order from the French head quarters. The bishop's palace, and the whole town of Leyria, in which General Drouet had had his head quarters, shared the same fate; and there is not an inhabitant of the country of any class or description, who has had any dealing or communication with the French army, who has not had reason to repent of it and to complain of them. This is the mode in which the promises have been performed, and the assurances have been fulfilled, which were held out in the proclamation of the French Commander in Chief, in which he told the inhabitants of Portugal that he was not come to make war upon them, but with a powerful army of 110,000 men to drive the English into the sea. It is to be hoped that the example of what has occurred in this country will teach the people of this and of other nations what value they ought to place on such promises and assurances; and that there is no security for life, or for any thing which makes life valuable, excepting in decided resistance to the enemy.Dispatch to Lord Liverpool from Villa Seca, Portugal (14 March 1811), quoted in Colonel Gurwood (ed.), Selections from the Dispatches and General Orders of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington (1851), pp. 449-450
>>18730342Streets Sewn with Bodies: Wellington at Fuentes de OnoroAt the village of Fuentes de Onoro, the English Duke of Wellington waited to see French Marshal Massena and his optimistically named Army of Portugal.This article appears in: June 2010By Mike Phiferhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/issue/military-heritage-june-2010-issuehttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/duke-of-wellington-at-battle-of-fuentes-de-onoro/Massena continued his march on Lisbon, stopping for three days to sack the city of Coimbra. As the French pushed on through the fall rain, they were in for an unpleasant surprise. On the morning of October 11, French cavalry patrols spotted the impressive Lines of Torres Vedras. The three defensive lines consisted of 152 mutually supporting fortifications and redoubts. The first two lines stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Tagus River, blocking the approach to Lisbon, while the third protected the port of St. Julian, located at the end of the Lisbon Peninsula.
Cool infodump from chatgpt. Nobody is going to read any of that though.
>>18730342https://www.academia.edu/144618917/Wellingtons_Strategy_Wider_Impacts_of_the_Third_French_Invasion_1810_1811Civilian casualties and atrocities in the autumn of 1810 in Beira Alta • The impacts of the French invasion started even before the main body of troops had crossed over the frontier from Spain • Massena reprimanded his commanders on 7 August” “Rape, pillage and murder seem to be the order of the day [in Portugal]…in a village on the Portuguese frontier some soldiers raped three girls after murdering their father”* • The French shot any Portuguese civilians bearing arms prompting Wellington to object strenuously to Massena that they were legitimate companies of ordenanças • 44 inhabitants of Mangualde district were murdered by the French en route to Busaco between the 19th and 23rd September • 11 (25%) of these victims were female, whilst many more females were prey to French criminality, sexual violence and rape • To substantiate the extent of sexual violence, in two nearby parishes, for every woman murdered 14 were raped • Total casualties and atrocities were likely substantially higher given registers for 6 of the 18 parishes were lost * Horward, Napoleon and Iberia ±Warre, in a report in July prior to the French crossing the frontier, cited by Esdaile and subsequently by Buttery “Poor things, I could not but pity them. It was most distressing to see them abandoning their habitations... Loaded with what little they could carry ... crying and lamenting ... followed by their helpless children, while their men drove away their cattle, and all uncertain where they might find a place of shelter.
>>18730639Murder and criminality in Coimbra • 3,000 (2%) of Coimbra diocese inhabitants were murdered • An estimated 35,000 people, perhaps up to 20% of the diocese population, died from famine and disease • Cross referencing numbers in the table with 1801 census data provides a useful indicator of the percentage of population murdered in each district • In addition, the unequal distribution of homicides by district is insightful • There was a much lower death toll in Mortagua, which the French ransacked en route to Busaco 108 ( 1.8%) • Locations south of the Mondego were much harder hit, firstly by marauders during the winter and again during the retreat, for example: Miranda, 802 (12.5%); Redinha, 508; Soure, 280 (7.4%); Arganil, 180 (4.4%)* • The French seized substantial quantities of cereals and other foodstuffs and many settlements were fired • Analysis of data for these settlements in the 1851 census shows significantly lower population growth compared to areas not impacted by the occupation. * Percentages in brackets are estimated from population data in 1801
>>18730640The spatial distribution of murder in the diocese of Coimbra (1810-1811) • Out of a total of 3,305 inhabitants murdered, Lopes has plotted 2,250 by individual parish within their respective broader district* • As reported above, the spatial distribution of murder varies: • Fewer inhabitants were murdered in settlements north of the Mondego – ie en route to Busaco in September 1810 • There was a much higher number of murders in settlements marauded through the winter and during the retreat in March 1811 • The worst affected settlements were: • Redinha, with 341 inhabitants murdered, around 20% of its population • Penela and Lousã, where 188 and 106 murders were recorded Lopes, Sofrimentos das Populações na Terceira Invasão Francesa
>>18730642Femicide and sexual violence (1810-1811) • One third (31%) of murder victims where the parish can be identified were women • However, in at least nine parishes of the diocese the number of women killed exceeded that of men • In a further nine parishes the number of female deaths either equaled that of males or was just slightly fewer • Lopes reports a significant number of reported atrocities including beatings, torture and rape • In two parishes with a total of 27 murder victims, of which 26% were females, a total of 99 women were raped • We need to question why and how these atrocities against women were committed and why they went unpunished. Lopes, Sofrimentos das Populações na Terceira Invasão Francesa
>>18730526OP just rape baby or incel chinks
>>18730342https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/A_memoir_of_the_Duke_of_Wellington_%28IA_memoirofdukeofwe00macf%29.pdfThe French marshal issued a proclamation, abusing the “insatiable ambition” of England; sneering at Lord Wellington, recommending the Portuguese population to remain76 MEMOIR OF THE DUKE.quiet, and assuring them of protection for their persons and property. How this last promise was kept, was stated by our Commander-in-chief, in a counter-proclamation, dated a few weeks after the entrance of Massena:—“The time which has elapsed during which the enemy have remained upon the frontiers of Portugal has fortunately afforded the Portuguese nation experience of what they are to expect from the French. The people had remained in some villages trusting to the enemy’s promises, and vainly believing that, by treating the enemies of their country in a friendly manner, they should conciliate their forbearance, and that their properties would be respected, their women would be saved from violation, and their lives would be spared. Vain hopes ! The people in these devoted villages have suffered every evil which a cruel enemy could inflict. Their property has been plundered, their houses and furniture burnt, their women have been ravished, and the unfortunate inhabitants whose age or sex did not tempt the brutal violence of the soldiers, have fallen the victims of the imprudent confidence they reposed in promises which were only made to be violated. The Portuguese now see that they have no remedy for the evils with which they are threatened, but determined resistance. Resistance, and the determination to render the enemy’s advance into their country as difficult as possible, by removing out of his way everything that is valuable, or that can contribute to his existence or frustrate his progress, are the only and certain remedies for the evils with which they are threatened.
>>18730664The army under my command will protect as large a proportion of the country as will be in their power; but it is obvious that the people can save themselves only by resistance to the enemy, and their properties only by removing them. The duty, however, which I owe to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and to the Portuguese nation, will oblige me to use the power and authority in my hands to force the weak and the indolent to make an exertion to save themselves from the danger which awaits them, and to save their country; and I hereby declare that all the magistrates or persons in authority who remain in the towns or villages after receiving orders from any of the military officers to retire from them, and all persons of whatever description who hold any communication, with the enemy, and aid and assist them in any manner, will be considered traitors to the stale, and shall be tried and punished accordingly.” ** ‘ Wellington Dispatches/ vol. vi, pp. 229, 230.
>>18730342>>18730406https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50434/50434-h/50434-h.htm“Affairs” with the enemy were frequent during Wellington’s pursuit, but by forcing them to evacuate the various positions they attempted to occupy, such as Pombal, Redinha, Cazal Nova and Foz d’Aronce, any designs they might have had against the northern provinces were prevented, notwithstanding the fact that the country afforded “many advantageous positions to a retreating army, of which the enemy have shown that they know how to avail themselves.”In writing to the Earl of Liverpool, Wellington remarks that “their conduct throughout this retreat has been marked by a barbarity seldom equalled, and never surpassed.” He tells a moving story of plunder, the burning of houses, a convent, and a bishop’s palace. “This is the mode,” he adds in a burst of indignation, “in which the promises have been performed, and the assurances have been fulfilled, which were held out in the proclamation of the French Commander-in-Chief, in which he told the inhabitants of Portugal that he was not come to make war upon them, but with a powerful army of 110,000 men to drive the English into the sea.
https://deremilitari.org/2025/01/the-english-in-portugal-1381-according-to-fernao-lopes/The English in Portugal (1381), according to Fernao LopesIn 1380, an ambassador of King Fernando of Portugal negotiated an agreement with the Earl of Cambridge, securing 2,000 English soldiers to support Portugal in its war against Castile. The troops arrived the following year, but their mission faltered when John of Gaunt failed to deliver promised reinforcements. Frustrated by inactivity, the English soldiers sent a stark message to King Fernando, warning that if he would not fight, they would act on their own, and if he failed to pay them, they would seize payment themselves. Ultimately, the English forces returned home without engaging the Castilians, though their presence reportedly caused significant trouble for their Portuguese allies. The following extract is taken from the Chronicles of Fernão Lopes, the Portuguese royal archivist from 1418 to 1454. Written in the 1430s, Lopes’s work remains a crucial source for understanding Portugal’s late medieval history.chapter 132: of the evil manners that the english used with the inhabitants of the realm, and how the king did not check it, because he had need of them.These English folk we have spoken of, when they were lodged in Lisbon, not like men who came to help and defend the land, but as if they had been called to destroy it and seek out all manner of evil and dishonour for its inhabitants, began to spread themselves over the city and district, slaying and robbing and ravishing women, showing such ownership and disdain of all, as if they were their mortal foes whom they had to dominate for the first time; and, at the beginning, none made bold to hinder it, for the great fear they had of the King, who had ordered that no one should do them harm, for the great necessity wherein he was placed of needing them; for little did he think at first that men who came to help him and on whom he expected to bestow great
>>18730675favours, would do in such wise in his land, and when some persons complained to him of the great wrongdoings they were receiving from them, the King spoke to the Earl about it, but small correction was made to it all.Moreover it must be declared that those of the city and its district were put in such oppression and subjection, fearing them like their great enemies, that the Earl ordained, as a protection to the country properties and villages, that each should have banners with his device, which was a white falcon on a red field; and the place where the English did not find that banner, was straightway robbed of what it possessed; and all the animals that came to the city, both from the estates and from the villages and hills round about, to sell their goods, had to carry one of those banners, which cost a certain sum, so that harm should not be done them. See if it were a good game on their part when they laid hands on the King’s animals, as they brought water, and took them by force, saying that the King owed them pay and they wanted to make distraint; and it was so that they seized them and by the Earl’s orders they were returned.Once it happened that some of them came to the house of a man called Joao Vicente, as he lay in bed at night with his wife and a little son, who was not yet weaned, and beat on the door for him to open to them, and he, with fear, dared not do it, and they broke down the door and entered in and began to strike the husband. The mother, with fear of them, put her child in front of her so that they should not strike her, and with a sword they cut it in half, as it was in her arms, which was a cruel thing for all to see, and they took that child, thus slain, and carried it to the King in his palace on a board, to show the cruelty what it was; and he did not dare to hinder it, but bade them show it to the Earl, that he might do justice on those who had done such a deed, and the Earl ordered it to be done.And in this wise
>>18730705did the King send to petition him many times, for the great complaints they came and made him, that he should chastise his men, so that they should not thus ruin the land and he said it pleased him well, but each day they did worse. Others came to above Loures to rob a village which is nigh there and in robbing it, they killed three men, and they robbed and slew and destroyed provisions, so that often the injury they did was more than what they spent in eating; for some there were that if they wanted to eat a cow’s tongue, they would kill the cow and take out its tongue and leave the cow to waste, and so they did with wine and other things.For these reasons the King, as he found them mounts, sent them to the River Guadiana, to the frontier, and they, instead of entering Castile to forage, turned back on the Ribatejo and robbed all they found, and the people would not receive them in the towns and barred their gates against them, for the great harm they did; they did so in Villa Vicosa, when Maao Borni came there with other English, who raised tumults with those of the place and killed Goncalo Annes Santos and wounded others of the townsfolk; and likewise the townsmen killed some of the English and wounded others. They attacked Borba and Monsaraz and scaled Redondo and attacked Aviz, and sought to scale Evora Monte and could not.In the places where they lodged, they went to forage in the boundaries, doing great damage to the crops and vineyards and cattle, and put the men to the torment, until they told them where they had their provisions and robbed them of all they found, or if they tried to defend themselves, they slew them. The people began to requite this as secretly as they could and privily killed many of them in corn pits and in other ways, in such wise that, through their ill behaviour, so many perished, that not two parts of them returned afterwards to their land.
>>18730711This section is from The Chronicles of Fernao Lopes and Gomes Eannes de Zurara, by Edgar Prestage (Watford, 1928). For a new version, see The Chronicles of Fernão Lopes, edited and translated by Juliet Perkins and Philip Krummrich in a five-volume series published by Boydell and Brewer.https://deremilitari.org/tag/portugal/https://deremilitari.org/2025/01/the-english-in-portugal-1381-according-to-fernao-lopes/https://slv.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991949963607636/61SLV_INST:SLVhttps://www.academia.edu/43457909/Tracing_the_chemyn_de_Portyngale_English_Service_and_Servicemen_in_Fourteenth_Century_Portugalhttps://www.face.book.com/groups/eventoshistoricos/posts/5954603721328101/https://historylab.es/english-troops-in-portugal-in-1381-according-to-fernao-lopes/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2011.06.003https://www.journal-estrategica.com/pdf/numero-5/intervention-of-the-earl-of-cambridges-army-in-the-war-between-portugal-and-castile.pdfhttps://brill.com/view/journals/ejph/11/1/article-p84_6.pdfhttps://deremilitari.org/2014/05/the-punishment-of-pride-castilian-reactions-to-the-battle-of-aljubarrota/https://www.amazon.com/Lopes-Portugal-1383-1387-Hispanic-Classics/dp/0856683426https://www.jstor.org/stable/41166899https://www.face.book.com/groups/reenactmentandhistoricalevents/posts/5848084298652338/https://www.face.book.com/groups/eventoshistoricos/posts/5954603721328101/https://www.face.book.com/groups/eventoshistoricos/posts/5815881141867027/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2011.06.003https://deremilitari.org/2025/01/the-english-in-portugal-1381-according-to-fernao-lopes/%23:~:text=These%20English%20folk%20we%20have,should%20not%20be%20done%20them.https://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/lopes.htm%23:~:text=They%20attacked%20Borba%20and%20Monsaraz,Phillips%20website%20for%20more%20details.
>>18730388Weren't Spanish civilians also fighting the French and getting raped by the French?Why did British soldiers rape female Spaniards then?https://www.face.book.com/groups/lancashireinfantrymuseum/posts/10162426363614910/https://roguenation.org/7-april-2/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDgxGWalp00https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Badajoz-1812https://www.thenapoleonicwars.net/copy-of-capture-of-ciudad-rodrigohttps://www.deseret.com/2015/4/8/20562273/this-week-in-history-british-brutality-followed-the-fall-of-badajoz/https://academic.oup.com/histres/article/92/255/160/5603512https://www.british-cemetery-elvas.org/en/battles-e-regiments/badajozhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2281.12252
>>18730342Spanish told French they would rather the French rape Spanish women than vandalise their churchesThe French responded by both raping Spanish women and looting and destroying their churches.https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/2020/04/24/french-atrocities-in-the-peninsular-war/>There is far less detail given in French memoirs, on how they carried out orders to sack villages and spare no one (sometimes enthusiastically as the loot provided a chance for the soldiers to gain great valuables). Joseph de Naylies, a French officer (who later because a Captain in the Eclaireurs of the Imperial Guard) wrote, “we entered the town… which was immediately pillaged and reduced to ash… We burnt [it down] and killed everyone we found there”>Maurice de Tascher, another French officer, but who was related to the Empress Josephine wrote a more harrowing account of the sacking of Cordoba; 30th June 1808:>“The Cathedral and the sacred lives within were not spared, which made the Spanish look upon us in horror, saying out loud that they would prefer we violated their women than their churches. We did both. The convents had to suffer all that debauchery has invented and the outrages of the soldier given up to himself”>Chart: Murders in the 2nd French Invasion of Portugal (1810-1811) in 1 district. Source University of Coimbra.
>>18730342>>18730726French soldiers seized all Portuguese girls aged 10 and above to rape as sex slaves around Condexia.https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/2020/04/24/french-atrocities-in-the-peninsular-war/>Chart: Murders in the 2nd French Invasion of Portugal (1810-1811) in 1 district. Source University of Coimbra.>The Duke of Wellington wrote of the murder, thefts and worse: “The British people, I’m certain, wouldn’t believe the indecent behaviours of the French after their retreat. I have never seen, nor heard, nor read of such behaviour and am convinced their actions have no equal in world history. You will hear several shocking recounts which should be told to the world at large. They killed all the countryfolk they found. Every day, we found the bodies of women, young and old, who were either stabbed, or shot. Since we were near Condexia, they regularly sent patrols to fetch all girls over the age of 10 to the camp to satisfy the soldiery… Every child we met was in tears, mourning the death of a parent. The houses were systematically burned … They dug up and looted the graves. Two days ago, one of our patrols entered a village where they found 36 corpses, most of whom were in their beds…”>It’s worth noting that the British public and Parliament were already well motivated against Napoleon as a threat towards Britain. The fear of invasion was tangible, especially in London and along the South coast. Wellington was not prone to exaggeration, nor did he often write graphic descriptions of the war he witnessed (for example the aftermath of Waterloo so deeply upset him, that he refused to talk about it), so we can presume his writing is factual.https://wargamerabbit.wordpress.com/2018/10/06/battle-of-evora-1808/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%89vora_(1808)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_War
>>18730342Oh boy, a chinkspammer thread
https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/50181/pg50181-images.html>In searching for a stream from which I might procure water, I fell upon a small fountain, close to which lay two or three murdered Portuguese; their brains and blood, which seemed freshly to have oozed from their mangled remains, had even streamed into the spring, and turned me away with disgust from the water. Proceeding onward, I observed a gaunt ghastly figure in a cloak stealing towards a group of cadaverous looking Frenchmen—on his getting a little nearer to them, he suddenly spat in his hands and throwing his cloak aside, produced a heavy club, with which, I suppose, he was going to beat their brains out. Struck with horror, I instantly seized the stick from his half-famished grasp, drove him away, and assisted by one [60]or two comrades got the poor men into a house, and pursued my search.>As I, however, approached into the Plaza, the desolation thickened; all the havoc that can possibly be imagined in so small a compass lay before me—murdered and violated women—shrieking and dying children—and, indeed, all that had possessed life in the village, lay quivering in the last agony of slaughter and awful vengeance.>These became every-day scenes until we overtook the French rear-guard at Pombal, which we did on the 11th, my company had been hurried forward by the cavalry, each dragoon mounting a rifleman behind him on his horse—a method of riding peculiarly galling to the infantry, but which we frequently had to experience during the war. From the friction alone produced on the legs and seat by the dragoon’s saddle-bags, it was some time before the foot-soldier, when placed upon his legs, could move with anything like dispatch. Besides, this method of riding was generally attended by the loss of the men’s mess-tins, which became shaken off by the jolting. There were, indeed, few of our men who would not have preferred marching twice the distance on foot to being thus carried.[7]
>>18730342>>18730742>We now looked anxiously around for a house where we could obtain refreshment, and, if truth must be told, a little money. For even wounded as I was, I had made up my mind to be a gainer by our victory. At the first house we knocked at, no notice being taken of the summons, we fired a rifle-ball at the key-hole, which sent the door flying open. This, indeed, was our usual method of forcing locks. As soon as we entered the house we found a young Spanish woman crying bitterly, and praying for mercy. She informed us that she was the wife of a French officer; and to the demand of my companion, O’Brien, for refreshment, replied there was nothing but her poor self in the house. She, however, produced some spirits and chocolate, both of which, being very hungry and faint, I partook of with much relish.>As the house looked poor we soon quitted it in quest of a better. Supported by O’Brien and the Frenchman, we proceeded in the direction of the market-place. It was a dark night, and the confusion and uproar that prevailed in the town may be better imagined than described. The shouts and oaths of drunken soldiers in quest of more liquor, the reports of fire-arms and crashing in of doors, together with the appalling shrieks of hapless women, might have induced any one to have believed himself in the regions of the damned.
>>18730342>>18730742>>18730744>CHAPTER XVIII.>Head-quarters at Grenalda—Don Julian Sanchez, the celebrated Guerilla Chief—Weakness of our numbers—Incorporation of Spaniards into our regiments—A thief—Punishment of, and opinion of the men—General orders for a collection among the men and officers to relieve Russian losses—A ball, in which thousands were present—Campaign of 1813 commenced—The Life Guards and the Blues join us—The French retreat to Burgos—Secret expedition for bread—Our surprise—Retreat—General Sir Lowry Cole—His temple spectacles made use of to reconnoitre—Our escape—A few remarks—Three alternatives—A cavalry affair on the 18th June—German brotherhood again.>Towards the end of November our battalion again became stationed at its old quarters, in the little village of Allamada. We obtained here fresh clothing, certainly not before it was wanted; green having become by far the least conspicuous colour in the regiment, while so various had been the expedients resorted to for obtaining a substitute for shoes, that the fresh supply from England was welcomed with no common joy. It was quite amusing to see how our fellows enjoyed their clothing, strutting about as proud as peacocks among the Spanish peasant girls, in whose estimation they doubtless conceived they should be considerably advanced.
>>18730342https://www.vivernocentrodeportugal.com/en/municipality/condeixa-a-nova>During the 14th century, the mentions confirm two realities to which Condeixa has always been linked: the presence of mills, attesting a vocation for the milling of cereals, and the characterization of a place of passage, a consequence of its strategic location, translating into the progressive development of a "hostel vocation". >Fruit of the prosperity of maritime discoveries, the municipality is built by palaces and manorhouses, noble families. Another indication of its development has resulted in the strengthening of its road importance with the reconstruction and widening of the royal road that establishes the Lisbon-Condeixa-Coimbra connection – the current IC2.>In the 19th century, however , Condeixa was the scene of movements of beligeraforces that abruptly halted his progress. This was the case with the third French invasion, by which the parish, soothed and burned, would know the violent destruction spree left by the troops of France, which spared neither the palaces, nor even the Mother Church.https://dokumen.pub/wellingtons-guns-the-untold-story-of-wellington-and-his-artillery-in-the-peninsula-and-at-waterloo-9781780961149-9781472896001-9781472804686.html
>>18730342>>18730748https://dokumen.pub/wellingtons-guns-the-untold-story-of-wellington-and-his-artillery-in-the-peninsula-and-at-waterloo-9781780961149-9781472896001-9781472804686.html>He was immediately enlisted and, following his basic training at Woolwich, had volunteered for service in Gibraltar where he joined Captain John Bradbridge’s Company of the 4th Battalion. In 1808, Miller was a bombardier and part of Captain George Skyring’s Company, which landed in the Tagus estuary on the 1st and 2nd of September and quartered at the Fort São Julião, along the coast about 10 miles west of Lisbon. Skyring had no guns and was essentially brought to the Peninsula to act as an artillery reserve unit. Miller did not have to wait long for orders to deploy. I was now ordered to Lisbon and from thence, with an officer of Artillery, 1 Sergeant, 1 Corporal, 2 Bombardiers, and 30 Gunners, to join the 6th Regiment of Foot, to proceed to Almeida and take possession of it, as the French refused to give it up to the Portuguese … As we were the first British troops that had marched through any of the towns, we were much caressed, and saluted with cries of ‘Viva Engles’, ‘Bueno Englies’, ‘Rumpu Francies’, and in some of the large towns, of which we went through a great number, we were saluted with rockets, fires, and firing of fowling pieces, and the women covered us with flowers and laurel leaves; the ladies even threw laurels and flowers from the windows on us … At a town called Larica [Lerida] I went and saw the church where the French soldiers shot five friars at the altar. The blood was still to be seen, likewise the shot holes in the altar … We arrived in sight of Almeida on 1 October, 1808, after a long and tiresome march of 300 miles and took up our abode in the Friar’s Convent. Next morning we formed up at the gates of the fortress. The French marched out prisoners of war and we took possession of it.11
>>18730342>>18730750>Captain Robert Bull, in penning a letter to his wife Harriet, was evidently acutely affected by what he saw and clearly contemplated the consequences of such a humanitarian tragedy closer to home. The state this country is in, at the moment, beggars all description – it is a most distressing heartbreaking scene. The people flying in all directions with their little savings on their heads, poor girls brought up in plenty of affluence marching on foot 15 and 20 miles a day to escape ravishment and murder, women leaving their children on the roadside to escape themselves, in short the scenes of the last week will never be effaced from my memory. England little knows the miseries of war and long, very long, may she be a stranger to them.5
>>18730342>>18730750>>18730753> Wellington’s Guns Went about half past 10, and upon entering the room was struck with the motley group; had eyes enough to see two or three very pretty women, who were dancing Spanish country dances, in figures infinitely prettier than ours; the music was bad and their tunes nothing remarkable … Another, who danced a Waltz in very good style, was very pretty and by her various gestures and attitudes pretty plainly showed she was very well made. A fat lady amazed me with her activity and she certainly kicked out in uncommon touches. One man who danced with her took her in his arms and made her leave the ground two feet at least … A violent commotion was at one time raised by some females entering, who were not invited and whose reputations were supposed to be a little worse for wear … There are some beautiful creatures in town, but I conjecture they are not exactly bon ton. I was rather glad I went however.7
>>18730729https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/behavior-of-entente-soldiers-if-wwi-is-fought-in-cp-territory.560476/page-4https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/16107i9/ridley_scotts_napoleon_was_the_french_leader/https://girlpartsblog.wordpress.com/2015/06/17/caminho-days-3-4-vila-nova-barquina-to-condexia-nova/https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/tag/marcus-cribb/https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/tag/french-atrocities-during-the-peninsular-war/https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/tag/peninsular-war/https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/2020/04/24/french-atrocities-in-the-peninsular-war/https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/category/guest-posts/https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/category/duke-of-wellington/https://adventuresinhistoryland.com/page/4/
>>18730342Iberian Moorhttps://x.com/punicist/status/1818119916093927913>Someone out there called Miguel or Juan is enjoying his day in Chile or Mexico not knowing his male ancestor was a hinterland Berber villager that got conscripted in the Umayyad army to conquer Iberia in the 6th c. He may even join Twitter and call himself “TheMoorSlayer1488”
>>18730342>>18730769Portuguese royal family is of French descent, a cadet branch of the Capet royal of France (Bourbon kings were Capet)Henry was sent from France to participate in reconquista https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry,_Count_of_Portugalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_House_of_Burgundyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Avizhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Braganzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capetian_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_BourbonEnglish, French, German and Flemish Crusaders helped retake Portugal and Spain during Reconquista and Crusader knights settled Lisbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_LisbonThis Portuguese noble family was descended from a French knight in Reconquista.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duarte_de_Puyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martim_de_Freitashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diniz_d'_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendo_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amador_B%C3%A1ez_de_Alpoim,_Generalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amador_Vaz_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Cabral_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Pires_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diniz_d%27_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Annes_d%27Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopo_de_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_B%C3%A1ez_de_AlpoimSpanish Castile royal family were of Burgundian originhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1marahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilian_House_of_Burgundyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnscaridsSpain was ruled by Austrian Germanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_HabsburgSpain was ruled by Capetian French Bourbons.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931808)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_royal_family
>>18730342>>18730769>>18730775https://x.com/lbvmag/status/2037829111712821632A warrior of the steppes in 5th-century Hispania: the first representation of an Alan horseman in the Iberian Peninsula during the fall of the Roman Empire https://labrujulaverde.com/en/2026/03/a-warrior-of-the-steppes-in-5th-century-hispania-the-first-representation-of-an-alan-horseman-in-the-iberian-peninsula-during-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire/https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/2037877216462123452Somos Alanos !https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/1927044947015876773From the Caspian Sea to the Westernmost of Eurasia in Portugal. Only genetic genealogy can unearth the past movements, one Iranian branch crossed all of Europe, the Portuguese War frontier of the Reconquista, the big navigations in ships, the conquest of the Brazilian wilderness+ https://pic.x.com/kBZE42hyV7https://pic.x.com/kBZE42hyV7https://pic.x.com/kBZE42hyV7https://pic.x.com/kBZE42hyV7https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/1927044950383907106Continuation from:https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/1924584424533819724My direct Ancestor or Ancestral Clan ! Genetic genealogy is a kind of Veneration of the Dead. Göran Runström from FTDNA has just classified IRN31, a Parthian sample, 50BCE, Liarsangbon, Gilan, Iran, the sample splits J-FGC6077, now:J-FGC6139>FGC6077 (IRN31 placed at J-FGC6139*)+https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/1927044940380389681Genetic genealogy is international cooperation and connection. A modern Brazilian among the Ancient Iranian Parthian Warriors of the Caspian Sea. The Chinese TheYtree is nowadays the fastest to investigate ancient DNA from the new articles and incorporate+ https://theytree.com/tree/J-FGC6064
>>18730721>>18730777https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/1927044943635267706We are related to our Ancestors and to other countries and cultures of the past and present. The Caspian location is a challenge-response of the Proto-Indo-Europeans born around that region, the Ancient Iranian archaeological treasures of Marlik, the continuities and dispersions+https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/1927044947015876773From the Caspian Sea to the Westernmost of Eurasia in Portugal. Only genetic genealogy can unearth the past movements, one Iranian branch crossed all of Europe, the Portuguese War frontier of the Reconquista, the big navigations in ships, the conquest of the Brazilian wilderness+https://x.com/Ricardo_Cd_Oliv/status/1927044950383907106Continuation from:
>>18730778https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Percentage-of-illegitimacy-in-24-Portuguese-districts-comarcas-1815-1819_tbl2_332848773https://www.cepese.pt/portal%255C/pt/publicacoes/obras/volume-12-number-2-december-2014/artigos/v12n2a02.pdfhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1081602X.2026.2664638https://www.ghp.ics.uminho.pt/eu/ficheiros%20de%20publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es/III%20Relat%C3%B3rio%20Cient%C3%ADfico%20FCT/Maria%20Jo%C3%A3o%20Moreira,%20Paulo%20Matos%20&%20Rui%20Maia_Illegitimacy%20in%2019th%20Urban%20Portugal%20(EN)_corr.pdfhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7593051/https://www.academia.edu/16482930/Exploring_illegitimacy_in_Portugal_during_the_19th_Centuryhttps://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en/discoveries-about-the-past/https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1991_act_140_1_4457https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/birth-marriage-death-sea-or-abroad/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2173074In 18th-century Portugal, out-of-wedlock birth statistics varied wildly by region. While the national average was significantly higher than the rest of Europe, rates ranged from approximately 5-7% in urban centers like Porto to exceeding 15% in rural, northern regions like the Minho.
>>18730826Academia.edu +3The statistics and demographic patterns of the era reveal a highly localized and unique social dynamic.18th-Century Regional StatisticsThe Northwest (Lower Minho/Guimarães): Rates here were exceptionally high. Demographers recording parish baptisms found that out of every 1,000 children born, over 150 were illegitimate (a rate >15%). This was drastically higher than the broader European average during the Ancien Régime, which was generally well below 1%. CITCEM-GHPUrban Centers (e.g., Porto): Studies in urban parishes indicated lower, but still notable, rates of non-marital births, hovering around 6% to 7%. Taylor & Francis OnlineThe Islands (e.g., São Jorge, Azores): Illegitimacy ratios remained relatively low here through the 18th century, generally staying below 10% before seeing massive spikes in the 19th century. Taylor & Francis Online +1Driving FactorsDemographers and historians attribute these unique statistics to several specific socio-demographic factors:The Male Emigration Factor: High rates of male celibacy and heavy outmigration (particularly in the north) resulted in an excess of marriageable women. This led to long-term structural changes in relationships and normalized non-marital fertility. ResearchGateThe Foundling Wheel (Roda dos Expostos): In 18th-century mainland Portugal, the institutionalization of the roda provided a system where unwed mothers (and sometimes married couples facing extreme poverty) could anonymously leave infants in the care of Catholic-run institutions. Revista Pesquisa Fapesp +1Social Tolerance: Unlike the rigid "honour and shame" cultures prevalent in early modern Italy or England, many Portuguese rural communities—especially in the north—exhibited broad social tolerance and integration regarding non-marital motherhood.
>>18730826>>18730828Nelly Kim Furtado's surname means bastard, illegitimate child.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelly_Furtado
General Charles-Antoine Morand (memoirs of the Egyptian campaign):>"Pity the unfortunates who fell into their hands. They stripped them, and before killing them would appease their abominable passions on them." André Castelot (French historian, Napoléon, 1961):>"The male prisoners, with their soft white skin, had provoked the admiration of their captors, lean but vigorous, who had raped them repeatedly. The women were merely beaten." The Middle-East needs to be nuked.
>>18730342Is this coming from the perspective of attacking the portugese themselves or their relationship with england?
>>18730769>>18730775>>18730777>>18730778Spanish people and Portuguese-Brazilians have Iranian Muslim Y-DNA from Iranians who moved to Spain during Al-Andalushttps://x.com/KurdiCompendium/status/2108236289560469610>- The Spanish branch clusters upstream and downstream with Armenians and Azeris. The far more logical explanation is descent from Muslim Iranian converts, who are attested in large numbers in Islamic Iberia.https://www.yfull.com/tree/R-CTS6/
>>18730886Spanish have East Asian Y-DNA.https://forwhattheywereweare.blogspot.com/2012/03/y-dna-from-afghanistan.htmlhttps://forwhattheywereweare.blogspot.com/2012/03/y-dna-from-afghanistan.html?showComment=1339515105026#c4462869902449893964
>>18730342I always found it disappointing you missed out on a lot of European history. If you actually studied, you could make a lot of these pasta you usually spam. Chinkspammer you should cover more history instead of spamming the same pasta.
>>18730775Portugal and Spain's royal families are both non-Iberian originPortugal was ruled by Capetians and Spain by Burgundians and Germans.The Portuguese and Spanish kings hired Italians like Genoans to build their first naviesPortugal and Spain hired German engineering experts to come to Iberia and their colonies help them mine silver and gold and to design and make their guns and cannonsGermans helped make the breech loading cannons used by Portuguese shipsGerman engineers helped mine silver in Latin AmericaSpain and Portugal both recruited Italian and German engineers, captains and military experts for military technology and miming.Portugal's kings were Capetian from France like the Bourbon.Most mining and military engineers in Spain and Portugal were German and most of their navigators were Italian. Italians built their fleets.
>>18730891https://www.silverhawkauthor.com/post/artillery-in-portugal-lisbon-museu-militar-de-lisboa-portuguese-army-military-museum-of-lisbon-1The Lisbon arsenal, one of the largest of the time, was not only a depot of imported weapons, but was, since its early beginnings, a technical school for high quality army equipment. Manuscripts reveal the existence of German, Dutch, French, Italian and Spanish masters of the art of gunfounding and barrel forging. Foreign gunmakers wishing work in Lisbon, enjoyed special privileges such as large tax reductions. In the early 16th century, the German artillerymen in Lisbon were so large in number that they formed and organized the Brotherhood of Saint Bartholomeus, for which they erected their own church. This church is still in existence today. In the Battle of Alcacer-Quibir, 1578, some 3000 German artillery men lost their lives fighting for the King of Portugal.Many of the earliest Portuguese gunmakers know were of foreign origin. Some them include: 1443 JOHANNES HANS, German; 1451 ALFONS HANS, German; 1472 MARTIN HANS, German; 1542 JOAO DE CAVIANE, Italian; 1543 FRANCOIS DE BELIANTE, French; 1558 HEINRICH LAMBERT, German; 1572 HENRY DE BRUXELLES, Flemish; 1575 JACQUES SIMON, French. Unfortunately, no lists of these early gunmakers survive. Their names are found in old church court registers where sometimes their professions are mentioned. King Manuel I (1495-1521) not only gave privileges to foreigners, but also offered them very high payments just to settle their workshops in Lisbon. This, there are many German book printing offices, watch makers and gunmakers in Lisbon in the early 16th century. Lisbon became rich through the discovery of the route to India. This is attributed to Vasco da Gama in 1498.https://www.academia.edu/2475602/GUNS_IN_PARADISE_GERMAN_AND_DUTCH_ARTILLERY_MEN_IN_THE_PORTUGUESE_EMPIRE_1415_1640_
>>18730904https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal#Reign>Denis signed the first Portuguese commercial agreement with England in 1308, and secured a contract in 1317 for the services of the Genoese merchant sailor Manuel Pessanha (Portuguese form of the Italian "Pezagno") as hereditary admiral of his fleet,[19] with the understanding that Pessanha and his successors should provide twenty Genoese captains to command the king's galleys,[20] thus effectively founding the Portuguese Navy.[21]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci>Amerigo Vespucci[b] (9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Florence after whom the Americas are named.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus>Christopher Columbus[b] (/kəˈlʌmbəs/;[2] between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian[3][c] explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa[3][4] who completed four Spanish transatlantic voyages in the name of the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America.
>>18730905https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_italienne>A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a style of fortification developed in Italy during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete.>The star-shaped fortification had a formative influence on the patterning of the Renaissance ideal city: "The Renaissance was hypnotized by one city type which for a century and a half—from Filarete to Scamozzi—was impressed upon all utopian schemes: this is the star-shaped city".[5] In the nineteenth century, the development of the explosive shell changed the nature of defensive fortifications. Elvas, in Portugal is considered by some to be the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_silver_trade_from_the_16th_to_19th_centuries#Mining_processes_in_the_Americas>Furthermore, German miners introduced the stamp mill and lead smelting in the 1530s.[6] Gunpowder was often used to blast large holes to create the mine shafts, although there were not many deep shafts.[6] Potosí had the most ore, however it was lower quality than that of Mexico.
>>18730907Carthage, Vikangz wuz in Madeira and Azores before Portuguesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Azores#Vikingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores#History>A small number of alleged hypogea (underground structures carved into rocks) have been identified on the islands of Corvo, Santa Maria, and Terceira by Portuguese archaeologist Nuno Ribeiro, who speculated that they might date back 2,000 years, implying a human presence on the islands before the Portuguese.[12] These structures have been used by settlers in the Azores to store grain. The suggestion by Ribeiro that they might be burial sites is unconfirmed. Detailed examination and dating to authenticate the validity of these speculations are lacking; thus it is unclear whether these structures are natural or human-made and whether they predate the 15th century Portuguese colonization of the Azores.[13] A statue of a man on horseback was found by Diogo de Teive on Corvo Island while discovering the island,[14] as well as Carthaginian coins in 1749.[15]>According to a 2015 paper published in Journal of Evolutionary Biology, research based on mouse mitochondrial DNA points to a Scandinavian rather than Portuguese origin of the local mouse population.[16][17] A 2021 paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, using data from lake sediment core sampling, suggests brush-clearing was undertaken and animal husbandry introduced between 700 and 850 A.D.[18] These findings suggest a brief period of Norse settlement, and the 2021 paper further cites climate simulations that suggest the dominant westerly winds in the North Atlantic Ocean were weaker in that period, which would have made it easier for Viking ships to sail to the Azores from Scandinavia.[19]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Madeirahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira#Ancient>Archaeological evidence suggests that the islands may have been visited by the Vikings sometime between 900 and 1030.[22][23]
>>18730907https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_process#Development_of_the_patio_process>Bartolomé de Medina initially focused his attentions on learning about new smelting methods from smelters in Spain. He was approached during his research by an unknown German man, known only as "Maestro Lorenzo", who told him that silver could be extracted from ground ores using mercury and a salt-water brine.[6] With this knowledge, Medina left Spain for New Spain (Mexico) in 1554 and established a model patio refinery in order to prove the effectiveness of the new technology. Medina is generally credited with adding "magistral" (a type of copper sulfate CuSO4 derived from pyrites) to the mercury and salt-water (H2O · NaCl) solution in order to catalyze the amalgamation reaction.[7]>Some historians assert that there were already sufficient copper sulfates in the local ores and that no additional magistral was needed, though others argue that while naturally occurring copper sulfates allowed for potential amalgamation sans magistral, the erratic results of this method made magistral a key component of the effective refinement of ore on a large scale.[8][9] Regardless of whether or not Medina's contribution was entirely original, he promoted his process to local miners and was able to obtain a patent from the Viceroy of New Spain. As a result, he is generally credited with the invention of silver amalgamation in the form of the patio process.[10]
>>18730913>The effectiveness of this method was such that when German experts arrived in America in the late 1700s to teach the newest amalgamation technology, they admitted they did not believe they could improve upon the American method in its context. Friedrich Sonneschmidt, a German refiner, stated: "It is not to be expected that there will ever be found a method by which all varieties of ore can be refined, having expenses lower than or even equal to those required by the patio beneficiation."[11] The amalgamation was so efficient that a refiner could turn a profit even if the ores were poor enough to yield only 1.5 oz of silver per 100 lbs of original material.[12]
>>18730914https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Latin_America#Silver,_extraction,_and_labor_systems>Silver was further refined by the complex amalgamation process, which was continually developed in America based on rudimentary German techniques. The amalgamation technique of patio (developed in the early 17th century) was claimed to be one of the most efficient ways to refine silver ore, according to German experts in silver mining. The technique mixed ground ore with catalysts (salt or copper pyrite) to create a paste which would be dried and leave silver amalgam remaining.[27] It required little water and could be set up anywhere, which would have been hugely beneficial to silver miners of New Spain. Historian Peter Bakewell claims, “No other single innovation in refining was as effective as magistral (copper sulphate derived from pyrites).” This material became widely used throughout Spanish America to refine silver during the amalgamation process. German miners provided “smelting technology,” another refinement technique. These furnaces were cheap, and “it was the preferred technique of the poor individual miner or of the Indian labourer who received ore as part of his wage.”[26] However, certain historians argue that the process of smelting was extremely destructive to the natural land surrounding the mines. It originally promoted deforestation in order to fuel the smelting process, and the introduction of mercury to the process led to poisoned soil and water sources, and many Indian labourers suffered from mercury poisoning as a result.[28]
>>18730910Vikangz also discovered Americas before them.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_settlements_in_Greenlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_settlement_of_North_America>The Norse settlement of North America, including Greenland, began in the late 10th century AD and lasted for about 500 years. Further west, the evidence is more limited. Only one Canadian settlement has been confirmed: L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland. There is evidence of Norse activity in other parts of Canada, but no trace of the long-term farming colonies found in Greenland. In the present-day United States, there are no confirmed remains. Claimed US discoveries are hoaxes or mistaken identifications.
>>18730904https://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/1977-B37-First-Steps-Towards-An-Introduction-Into.pdfThe earliest known flintlock. Made by German gunmaker in the Lisbon arsenal between 1530 and 1550.By the year 1500, the Portuguese ships were up to 80% equipped with large bronze breech loaders, several of them are still in existence, and many may be found by divers. The main advantage of the breech loaders was not only the speed of sequence of firing, but also as it avoided the long guns to be loaded from the outside of the border of the ship. In 15th century vessels, there was no space to recoil the guns for loading and the men who had to do the job were dangerously exposed to enemy bullets and arrows during the loading procedure. So the large breechloaders saved both time and men.The Lisbon arsenal, one of the largest of the time, wasnot only a depot of imported weapons, but was, since itsearly beginnings, a technical school for high quality armyequipment. Manuscripts reveal the existence of German,Dutch, French, Italian and Spanish masters of the art of gunfounding and barrel forging.Foreign gunmakers wishing work in Lisbon, enjoyedspecial privileges such as large tax reductions. In the early16th century, the German artillerymen in Lisbon were solarge in number that they formed and organized the Brotherhood of Saint Bartholomeus, for which they erectedtheir own church. This church is still in existence today. Inthe Battle of Alcacer-Quibir, 1578, some 3000 Germanartillery men lost their lives fighting for the King of Portugal. Many of the earliest Portuguese gunmakers know were of foreign origin. Let's look at the names and dates some of them:1443 JOHANNES HANS, German1451 ALFONS HANS, German1472 MARTIN HANS, German1542 JOAO DE CAVIANE, Italian1543 FRANCOIS DE BELIANTE, French1558 HEINRICH LAMBERT, German1572 HENRY DE BRUXELLES, Flemish1575 JACQUES SIMON, French
>>18730937Unhappily, no lists of these early gunmakers survi We can only come across their names in old church court registers where sometimes their professions we mentioned.King Manuel I (1495-1521) not only gave privileges foreigners, but also offered them very high payments ju to settle their workshops in Lisbon. So we find plenty German book printing offices, watch makers and gunma ers in Lisbon in the early 16th century. Lisbon became r through the discovery of the route to India. This attributed to Vasco da Gama in 1498. Many foreign c men came to serve the King of Portugal and to share t splendor of a new rising star. The terrible effect of fana persecution by the inquisition in Spain was another re son for the many good craftsmen to venture to Lisbon Many of them were goldsmiths, silversmiths, watchmakers and gunmakers.
>>18730342170 stone age Khoi Khoi Africans vs 150 PortugueseThe stone age Khoi Khoi defeat the Portuguese, killing 64 including their leader Francisco de Almeida.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_RiverA few dozen Portuguese merchants one 2 ships vs thousands of Japanese samurai on 70 ships.The Portuguese defeat the Japanese, killing 70 Samurai, wounding 200 samurai and sinking 3 Japanese ships. Only 8 Portuguese dead.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fukuda_Bay1 Portuguese ship with 40 Portuguese against 33 Japanese ships and 3000 samurai. Hundreds of samurai are massacred.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Gra%C3%A7a_incidentKhoisan Khoikhoi
>>18730826>>18730828https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332848773_Exploring_illegitimacy_in_Portugal_during_the_19th_Centuryhttps://www.academia.edu/16482930/Exploring_illegitimacy_in_Portugal_during_the_19th_CenturyPortugal exhibited exceptionally high illegitimacy rates in the 19th century, often exceeding 10%. The study aims to provide an overview of birth outside ...https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7593051/In populations in which the frequency of illegitimacy is high, illegitimates and legitimates may be subjected to different demographic and social pressures, with social and genetic consequences. A rural population from north-east Portugal is studied and variables from birth, marriage and death records are compared according to the legitimacy of the individuals. The analysis shows important differential demographic patterns in infant and child mortality and in migration prior to and related to marriage, especially in women. Some changes over time and gender differences are also evident.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_lawhttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20180416-1https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20200717-1https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/fr/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20180416-1https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20180809-1https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/digpub/demography_2022/bloc-4a.htmlhttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/6917833/KE-BM-15-003-EN-TOC.pdf/979efe31-9465-42c5-83b0-2a2d3ae3c05d?t=1436860595000https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20200717-1https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/over-50-of-babies-born-out-of-wedlock-in-portugal/45339https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=590427460&DESTAQUESmodo=2https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/out-of-wedlock-births-by-country
>>18730963https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Family_Database/SF_2_4_Share_births_outside_marriage.pdfhttps://www.face/book.com/groups/movingtoportugal2.0/posts/25483209838016549/https://www.face/book.com/Datainrace01/videos/countries-by-share-of-babies-born-outside-marriagefamily-structures-are-evolving/1725779381515664/https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/births-out-of-wedlock-europe-us/https://www.campop.geog.cam.ac.uk/blog/2025/01/30/non-marital-births/https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/olympic-britain/housing-and-home-life/kid-and-kin/https://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=13540953&att_display=n&att_download=yhttps://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=103123331&att_display=n&att_download=yhttps://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=32303651&att_display=n&att_download=yhttps://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=54130215&att_display=n&att_download=yhttps://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=376973&att_display=n&att_download=yhttps://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=233901419&att_display=n&att_download=yhttps://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=81528471&att_display=n&att_download=yhttps://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=54126395&att_display=n&att_download=y
>>18730904>>18730937>>18730938https://greatmingmilitary.blog/spot.com/2015/04/breech-loading-cannons-of-ming-dynasty.htmlhttps://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/breech-loadinghttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41562243https://www.jstor.org/stable/23787161https://hongkong.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5790/hongkong/9789622099937.001.0001/upso-9789622099937-chapter-9https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Rifled_breech_loaderhttps://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/sites/default/files/no._180_guns_carronade_is.pdfhttps://stock.adobe.com/search?k=%22breech-loading%20gun%22https://www.ima-usa.com/products/original-british-1895-bronze-6lb-breech-loading-cannon-from-the-northwest-frontierhttps://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA058332.pdfhttps://www.lennartviebahn.com/arms_armour/antiques/breech_loading_cannon.htmlhttps://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/breech-loadinghttps://publikace.nm.cz/file/59bf278d1ef8c4969bc2beba991d77a9/28571/ANpM_2000_5_Roese_Smith_ocred.pdfhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/artillery/Breech-loadinghttps://dbpedia.org/page/Gunpowder_weapons_in_the_Ming_dynastyhttps://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/556/etd-tamu-2003C-ANTH-Hoskins-1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yhttps://www.mlit.go.jp/tagengo-db/common/001654006.pdfhttps://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/science_and_technology_portugalhttps://www.worldhistory.org/article/1231/artillery-in-medieval-europe/https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/16146/lot/4466/?category=listhttps://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A148574405&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00036536&p=AONE&sw=whttps://www.oslo2000.uio.no/program/papers/m1b/m1b-dicosmo.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tunmenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sincouwaanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fukuda_Bayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Gra%C3%A7a_incidenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_River
>>18730904>>18730937>>18730938>>18730967https://www.silverhawkauthor.com/post/artillery-in-portugal-lisbon-museu-militar-de-lisboa-portuguese-army-military-museum-of-lisbon-2https://www.silverhawkauthor.com/post/artillery-in-portugal-lisbon-tower-of-belem-and-castelo-de-sao-jorgehttps://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1899-0610-1https://royalarmouries.org/collection/object/object-24148https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjMNHm4O3Xg [Open]https://forumcontent.paradoxplaza.com/public/404597/4276-4362-1-PB%20(1).PDFhttps://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?t=7364&page=4https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5305682https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-16th-Century-Portuguese-Bronze-Breech-loading-Gun-Smith/fd40a48786e9488f444be5895f301d4c60494411https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2oripe/why_did_breechloading_guns_took_s%C3%B3_long_to_be/https://www.reddit.com/r/aoe2/comments/bzqza3/how_portugal_became_a_military_power_and_why_aoe/https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7b5fqr/how_exactly_does_the_cetbang_cannons_of_the/https://royalarmouries.org/collection/object/object-34046https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/286457833.pdfhttps://forums.ageofempires.com/t/what-to-do-with-the-organ-gun/211262/18https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/33500https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/breech-gun.htmlhttps://www.firearmsnews.com/editorial/portugal-military-rifles-part1/492902https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/breech-loading.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceVL9LmFrQAhttps://www.album-online.com/detail/en/MDNmOWQxMA/falconet-cast-bronze-breech-loading-naval-gun-period-king-sebastian-alb9311597https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-long-shot-into-history/articleshow/48943951.cmshttps://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/732613https://artsandculture.google.com/story/spotlight-on-artillery-museu-de-marinha/kwXxs6sHq5SlEQ?hl=enhttps://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O498454/breech/
>>18730904>>18730937>>18730938>>18730967>>18730971https://historyroom.org/2018/12/02/a-tale-of-two-guns/https://www.persee.fr/doc/anatm_1297-8094_2000_num_9_1_971https://shiplib.org/index.php/shipwrecks/iberian-shipwrecks/portuguese-india-route/santiago-1585/https://forums.ageofempires.com/t/just-for-fun-ideas-about-the-portuguese-and-spanish/219503https://www.pastmasters.org.au/dundee-beach-swivel-gun.htmlhttps://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?p=284469https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cetbanghttps://www.names.org/n/berco/abouthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=of72QaKNbb0 [Open]https://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?p=284469&nojs=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/falconet-cannon.htmlhttps://www.alamy.com/falconet-cast-bronze-breech-loading-naval-gun-from-the-period-of-king-sebastian-of-portugal-1557-1578-identical-in-shape-to-the-manueline-verso-bero-manuelino-but-of-larger-size-and-caliber-it-belonged-to-the-portuguese-carrack-santiago-wrecked-on-the-shallows-of-judia-indian-ocean-on-its-way-to-india-in-1585-it-was-recovered-in-1985-maritime-museum-lisbon-portugal-image546212784.htmlhttps://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cannonhttps://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Lela_(cannon)https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429346965-17/military-innovation-intrastate-warfare-barend-noordamhttps://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7b5fqr/how_exactly_does_the_cetbang_cannons_of_the/https://www.superstock.com/asset/falconet-cast-bronze-breech-loading-naval-gun-from-period-king/4409-28670218https://www.album-online.com/detail/en/MGYwZGJmMA/falconet-cast-bronze-breech-loading-naval-gun-period-king-sebastian-alb9311595
>>18730904>>18730937>>18730938>>18730967>>18730975https://www.academia.edu/45709525/Transformation_of_military_technology_in_Portugal_the_impact_of_the_Iberian_Union_on_artilleryhttps://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/science-and-technology-portugal-1-1/?format=pdfhttps://www.scribd.com/document/919347303/A-Comparative-Study-of-16th-Century-Portuguese-and-East-Mediterranean-Artilleryhttps://www.bhsportugal.org/uploads/fotos_artigos/files/Portugal_cannon_The_Times.pdfhttps://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-1631375https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/kxgued/question_about_swivel_guns/https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Breech-loading_swivel_gunhttps://www.silverhawkauthor.com/post/artillery-in-portugal-lisbon-museu-militar-de-lisboa-portuguese-army-military-museum-of-lisbon-1https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ber%C3%A7ohttps://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?t=21063https://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?t=18888https://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?t=19032https://www.album-online.com/detail/en/MGYwZGJmMA/falconet-cast-bronze-breech-loading-naval-gun-period-king-sebastian-alb9311595https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breech-loading_swivel_gunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivel_gunhttps://www.shutterstock.com/pt/search/montanha-do-ber%C3%A7o?image_type=illustrationhttps://academic.oup.com/book/27797/chapter/198064604https://forums.ageofempires.com/t/suggestions-to-make-ports-more-interesting/236081?page=3https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zslEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1XceEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA215https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tdJ7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA48https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ScqAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR14https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Bm_-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT534https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=x69VEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA282https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fKpYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT48
>>18730962Japanese are worse than stone age Khoisan.At the battle of Fukuda bay numerically superior Japanese tried to ambush Portuguese without warning but Portuguese ravaged and decimated Japanese samurai.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fukuda_Bay170 stone age Khoi Khoi Africans vs 150 PortugueseThe stone age Khoi Khoi defeat the Portuguese, killing 64 including their leader Francisco de Almeida.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_RiverA few dozen Portuguese merchants one 2 ships vs thousands of Japanese samurai on 70 ships.The Portuguese defeat the Japanese, killing 70 Samurai, wounding 200 samurai and sinking 3 Japanese ships. Only 8 Portuguese dead.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fukuda_Bay1 Portuguese ship with 40 Portuguese against 33 Japanese ships and 3000 samurai. Hundreds of samurai are massacred.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Gra%C3%A7a_incidentKhoisan Khoikhoi
>>18730394>>18730397https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_looting_of_art_in_Spainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_looting_of_art#Spain>>18728163
Chinkspammer, Spain had other recent foreign dynasties, beyond it's current Bourbon one. Like House of Bonaparte which ruled for a bit.
>chinksect cities where Portuguese is an official language 1>chinksect cities that were dominated by Portugal for 442 years1>Portuguese cities where chinkspeak is an official language 0>Portuguese cities that were dominated by chinksects for 442 years0
>>18731093>foreign dynastiesHow do we even define that? Why would the Bourbons, of Frankish, and therefore German-Dutch, origin and the Buonaparte, of Italian origin, would be any more native to France than they are to Spain? If anything there isn't a single king of Spain since the end Visigoths that didn't had a significant amount of Spanish ancestry, even the caliphs of Cordoba were overwhelmingly Spanish by ancestry. But I'm positive that the Italian Napoleon didn't had a single drop of French blood in him.>>18731134BasedImagine a small country bullying a country over a 100 times its size. And even today Macao is full of Portuguese influence and many of its upper class has Portuguese last name and ancestry, same in Goa in India.
The board deserves this thread btw, because they are cumbrained homos who constantly talk about rape this and rape that, unprompted.
>no mame holme look how spanish are raped as me
Chinkspammer having a melty I see
>>18731152>even the caliphs of Cordoba were overwhelmingly Spanish by ancestryFun fact: Queen Leonor of Spain will be the most ethnically Spanish monarch since Caliph Hisham II, a thousand years ago.
>>18731093Actually, the Jimeno dynasty from the Kingdom of Pamplina which ruled over all the north of Spain from the X century to XII century was made up by Basques.>how they dissapearedThe last member of the family, Urraca, was a woman, so she married a Burgundian and according to the laws of the kingdom, the offspring inherited the father's last name.
Meds, now chinkspammers
>>18731134>>18731152Wrong again rapebabies.Macau was rented to Portugal by the Ming dynasty in exchange for hundreds of taels of silver every year paid by Portugal to China. It wasn't conquered in a war. The Portuguese even had to bribe the Chinese provincial authorities in Guangdong to get then to anually rent out the island. Japan lost to the Portuguese and Nagasaki was colonized without rent or payment.Portugal paid hundreds if silver taels every year from the 16th century to the18th century for Macau.The Chinese defeated the Portuguese at the Battles of Shancaowan (Veniaga) in 1522 and Tunmen (Tamão) in 1521 and later at Shuangyu Island which is how Galeote Pereira got captured and arrested. Portugal had to rent Macau in 1557 from China by paying China hundreds of silver taels a year. Macau was never taken in battle from China by Portugal. They bribed provincial officials for the lease and paid rent for it until the 19th century when Britain fought the Opium wars in the 1840s and then Portugal decided to cancel paying rent. And Portuguese mercenaries were defeated by Cantonese pirates at the battle of Ningbo in 26 June 1857 (Ningpo massacre) even after they cancelled the rent for Macau.Macau was also officially under Chinese sovereignty the entire time Portugal laid rent.Chinese in Macau did not pay taxes to Portugal in that entire timePortugal didn't annex Macau until the 1840s.>Macao is full of Portuguese influence and many of its upper class has Portuguese last name and ancestry, same in Goa in India.Wrong again retard, Mestizos of Macau have Japanese, Korean, Timorese and Tanka (untouchable dalit) ancestry and are the lowest class in MacauMacau wasn't taken in a war unlike Goa and was not under Portuguese sovereignty.
>>18731471https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/16658070/#q16658070
>>18731471>saar they are shudra tanka dalits not han women saar
>>18731471>>18731473Japanese women, Korean women (Imjin war slaves) and Southeast Asian women were imported to Macau besides Tanka living there.Japanese Catholic exiles settled in Macau.Tanka (boat dwellers) are not Han. They literally have to forge genealogies falsely claiming paternal ancestry from north China to hide.Regular Cantonese and Fujianese have paternal ancestry from north China.Tanka are some coastal Baiyue remnants.
>>18731471
>>18731471There's no race more raped than the Chinese
>>18731471>>18731557
>>18731557>>18731559Ok Moor rapebaby. >During the rule of Almanzor's Amirí regime, the already-rich Al-Andalus slave market reached unprecedented proportions. For example, the Moorish chronicles mention that after destroying Barcelona in July 985, Almanzor brought seventy thousand chained Christians to the great market of Córdoba[317] and, after destroying Simancas in July 983, he captured seventeen thousand women[374] and imprisoned ten thousand nobles.[483] Obviously, these figures must be carefully evaluated, but likewise given the enormity this type of trade reached during his tenure, Almanzor is described as "the slave importer".[317] The commoners of Córdoba even asked his successor to stop the trade since, to get a good husband for their daughters they had to raise the dowries to exorbitant levels because the young Christian slaves were so numerous and cheap that many men preferred to buy them instead of marrying Muslims.[484]Iranian and North African Y-DNA in Iberianshttps://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18414604/#q18415256https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18414604/#q18415272We literally have genetic tests >>18730886 >>18730889 >>18730769 showing you are the raped with foreign Y-DNA.You have no DNA tests or sources fir any of your fanfiction.
>>18731557>>18731559>>18731578>In terms of paternal Y-Chromosome DNA, recent studies coincide in that Iberia has the greatest presence of the typically Northwest African Y-chromosome haplotype marker E-M81 in Europe, with an average of 3%.[31][32] as well as Haplotype Va.[42][33] Estimates of Y-Chromosome ancestry vary, with a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics using 1140 samples from throughout the Iberian peninsula, giving a proportion of 10.6% North African ancestry[34][35][36] to the paternal composite of Iberians. A similar 2009 study of Y-chromosome with 659 samples from Southern Portugal, 680 from Northern Spain, 37 samples from Andalusia, 915 samples from mainland Italy, and 93 samples from Sicily found significantly higher levels of North African male ancestry in Portugal, Spain and Sicily (7.1%, 7.7% and 7.5% respectively) than in peninsular Italy (1.7%).[31]According to Bosch et al. 2000 "NW African populations may have contributed 7% of Iberian Y chromosomes".[28] A
>>18731557>>18731559>>18731578>>18731580Emperor Septimus Severus was paternally Punic (Lebanese) and maternally Italic European.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septimius_Severus#Early_lifeAncient Lebanese colonised western Europeans (Iberia, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily) through military conquest and introduced writing and civilisation to them.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11543890/Haplotype V at the Y-chromosome specific DNA polymorphism (p49/TaqI) was reported in a study concerning 487 males originating from five different geographic locations in Iberia and North Africa. The highest frequency of haplotype V (68.9%) was previously observed in Berbers from Morocco, and it was previously established that this haplotype is a characteristic Berberian haplotype in North Africa. Percentages of haplotype V geographic distribution reveal a gradient of decreasing frequencies with latitude in Iberia: 40.8% in Andalusia, 36.2% in Portugal, 12.1% in Catalonia, and 11.3% in Basques; such a cline of decreasing haplotype V frequencies from the South to the North in Iberia clearly establishes a North African toward Iberian gene flow.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25123837/Moreover, all of the observed African lineages, accounting for 10.2% of the total variability, belonged to haplogroups having Northwest African origin (E1b1b1b-M81, E1b1b1a-β-M78, and J1-M267).
>>18730342>>18730675>>18730719https://archive.org/details/chronicadeelfern00lope/page/52/mode/2upChronica do Senhor Rei D. FernandoCAPITULO CXXXIIDas más maneiras que os ingleies tinham com os moradores do reino, e como el-rei não tornava a ello, porque os havia mister.ESTAS gentes dos inglezes que dissemos, como foram aposentados em Lisboa, não como ho-mens que vinham para ajudar a defender a terra mas como se fossem chamados para a destruir e buscar todo mal e deshonra aos moradores delia, começaram de se estender pela cidade e termo, matando e roubando e forçando mulheres, mos-trando tal senhorio e desprezamento contra todos, como se fossem seus mortaes inimigos, de que se novamente houvessem d'assenhorear. E nenhum no começo ousava de tornar a ello, por grande receio que haviam d'el-rei, que tinha mandado que ne-nhum lhes fizesse nojo. pela gran necessidade em que era posto de os haver mister, cuidando elle á primeira mui pouco que homens que vinham para o ajudar, e a quem esperava de fazer gradas mer-cês, tivessem tal geito em sua terra; e, porém,quando lhe alguns faziam queixumes das grandes sem-razões que delles recebiam falava el-rei ao conde sobre ello, mas em tudo se fazia pouco cor-regimento.Que cumpre dizer mais, em tanta pressa e sujei-ção foram postos os da cidade e seu termo, ha-vendo d'elles medo como de seus grandes inimigos, que o conde ordenou, por guarda das quintas e ca-saes, que cada um tivesse senhos pendões de sua divisa, que era um falcão branco em campo verme-lho; e a quinta e casal onde os inglezes não acha-vam aquelle pendão logo era roubada de quanto ahi havia. E quantas bestas vinham para a cidade, assim das qumtas como dos casaes e montes de redor, para venderem suas cousas, cada um havia de trazer um pendão daquelles, que custava certa cousa, por lhe não fazerem mal.Vede se era bom jogo d'elles.Levando á agua as bestas d'el-rei, lançaram mãodelias e tomaram-n'as por força, dizendo que el-rei lhes devia
>>18731583Levando á agua as bestas d'el-rei, lançaram mãodelias e tomaram-n'as por força, dizendo que el-rei lhes devia soldo e que o queriam penhorar nellas; e foi assim de feito que as tomaram, e por man-dado do conde foram tornadas.Uma vez, chegaram alguns d'elles a casa d'um homem que chamavam João Vicente, jazendo de noite na cama, com sua mulher e um filho peque-no, que ainda era de mama; e bateram á porta, que lhes abrisse, e elle, com temor, não ousou de o fazer, e elles britaram a porta e entraram dentro, e começaram de ferir o marido. A mãe com temor d'elles poz a creança ante si, por a não ferirem, e nos braços d'ella a cortaram por meio, com uma espada que era cruel cousa de vêr a todos. E to-maram aquslle menino assim morto e levaram-noa el-rei, aos paços, em um taboleiro, mostrando-Ihe tal crueldade como aquella; e elle náo ousou de tornar a ello, e mandou que o mostrassem ao conde, que fizesse direito d'aquelles que tal cousa fizeram, e o conde o mandou lazer.E d'esta guisa lhe mandava el-rei rogar muitas ve-zes, pelos grandes queixumes que lhe vinham fazer, que pozesse castigo em suas gentes, que não des-truíssem assim a terra; e elle dizia que bem lhe prazia, mas cada vez faziam peor. Outros chega-ram acima de Loures, por roubar uma aldeia que é ahi cerca, e em a roubando mataram três ho-mens. E assim roubavam e matavam e destruíam mantimentos, que muitas vezes mais era o damno que faziam que aquillo que gastavam em comer, que tal havia ahi, se havia vontade de comer uma língua de vacca, que matava a vacca e tirava-lhe a lingua, e deixava a vacca perder; e assim faziam ao vinho e a outras cousas.E el-rei, por esta razão, como os encavalgava, mandava-os a Riba de Guadiana, para a fronteira, e elles, em vez de entrarem por Gastella a forreiar, davam volta sobre Ribatejo, a roubar quanto acha-vam, e as gentes não os queriam acolher nas villas, e cerravam-lhe as portas, pelo grão damno que faziam; assim como fizeram em
>>18731557>>18731559>>18731578>>18731580>>18731581Iberia wasRaped by Carthage (Phoenician Punic and Berber mercenaries). You have their Y-DNARaped by Alans (Iranians from the Eurasian steppes) . You have their Y-DNARaped by Vandals Raped by Goths (you have their Y-DNA)Raped by Umayyad under Tariq Ibn Ziyad and his Berber troops (you have their Y-DNA)Raped by English and French Crusaders who went on Reconquista against the Muslims, your nobility and royal family are literally French and English and French Knights retook Lisbon. (Even many of your R1b Y-DNA isn't native Iberian but from French crusaders and Goths)Raped by English mercenariesRaped by Napoleon's army and Wellington's armyYou have Y-DNA of Alans, Berbers, Iranian Alans and Iranian Muslims who moved to Al-AndalusYou bragged about "raping" Indios in Latin America but you only transmitted your own rapists Y-DNA to them.
>>18731578Your graphs have already been debunked
>>18731557>>18731559>>18731590You didn't retake Iberia from the MuslimsYour French royal family and nobility did it.French knights went on reconquista and added their Y-DNA to your gene pool.
>>18731591Y-DNA studies haven't been debunked. There's Berber, Iranian (both pre-Islamic and Islamic), Punic, East Asian and other Y-DNA in Iberia.
>>18730907>>18730913>>18730914>>18730916Germans mined everywhere in Europe in medieval and Renaissance times.Mongols took German Saxon prisoners from Romania and brought them to Dzungaria in Xinjiang and Karakorum in Mongolia.>In 1252–1253, Flemish missionary and explorer William of Rubruck traveled all the way to the capital city of Karakorum and saw Hungarians, Russians, Germans, and even a Parisian goldsmith named Guillaume Boucher.[72] He even heard of Saxon miners in Dzungaria and other foreigners such as a woman from the Duchy of Lorraine who mastered yurt-making.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Berlin_Technikmuseum_Holzbahn.jpg>Română: Vagonet de lemn din secolul al XVI-lea. Vagonetul şi şinele provin din fosta mină de aur “Sf.Apostoli” de lȃngă Brad.>Deutsch: Holzbahn aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. Wagen und Gleis wurden aus der Goldgrube "Apostelgrube Brad-Siebenbürgen" im Jahr 1889 geborgen.>English: A wooden railway and wagon from the 16th century. The carriages and track were salvaged in 1889 from the "Apostles Pit" gold mine, Brad, Romania.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minecart>A minecart from the 16th century, found in Transylvania where German miners from Saxony settled, which brought with them the technologyhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berlin_Technikmuseum_Holzbahn.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Nedham_(miner)>Nedham was fluent in several languages, and translated a treatise on mining written in German into Italian.[7]>The Company of Mines Royal was founded in May 1568. Nedham was one of the lesser shareholders and joined with a German miner Daniel Hochstetter or Hechstetter to mine copper in Cumbria at Caldbeck and other sites.[8][9][10][11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_mines_at_Caldbeck>The German mines at Caldbeck were part of the operations of the Company of Mines Royal in Caldbeck, which introduced German minershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_de_Vos
>>18730907>>18730913>>18730914>>18730916>>18731607https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Agricolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_metallica>De re metallica (Latin for On the Nature of Metals [Minerals]) is a book in Latin cataloguing the state of the art of mining, refining, and smelting metals, published a year posthumously in 1556 due to a delay in preparing woodcuts for the text. The author was Georg Bauer, whose pen name was the Latinized Georgius Agricola ("Bauer" and "Agricola" being respectively the German and Latin words for "farmer"). The book remained the authoritative text on mining for 180 years after its publication. It was also an important chemistry text for the period and is significant in the history of chemistry.[1]
>>18730342>>18730675>>18730719>>18731583>>18731586Villa Viçosa, quan-do ahi chegou Maao Borni com outros inglezes, que alçaram volta com os do logar, e mataram Gonçalo Annes Santos, e feriram outros da villa, e isso mesmo mataram os da villa dos inglezes e fo-ram feridos alguns.Elles combateram Borba e Monsaraz, e escala-ram o Redondo, e combateram Aviz, e quizeram escalar Evoramonie e náo poderam. Nos logaresonde pousavam, ao termo d'elles iam á forragem, fazendo grão damno em pães e vinhos e gados; e atormentavam os homens até que lhes diziam onde tinham os mantimentos, e roubavam-lhes quanto achavam, e se lho queriam defender matavam-n'os.As gentes começaram de tornar a isto o mais escusamente que podiam, e em fojos de pão e por outras maneiras matavam muitos d'elles escusa-mente, de guisa que por sua má ordenança perece-ram tantos que não tornaram depois para sua terra as duas partes d'elles.52Chronica do Senhor Rei D. Fernando 5354 Bibliotheca de Clássicos PortuguesesChronica do Senhor Rei D. Fernando 55
>>18730342>>18730675>>18730719>>18731583>18731586>>18731636https://archive.org/stream/chronicadeelfern00lope/chronicadeelfern00lope_djvu.txt
>>18730342 >>18730675 >>18730719 >>18731583 >18731586>18731636>>18731643http://web.archive.org/web/20250212024110/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zvK-_3n3znAC&q=%22These+English+folk+we+have+spoken+of,+when+they+were+lodged+in+Lisbon,+not+like+men+who+came+to+help+and+defend+the+land,+but+as+if+they+had+been+called+to+destroy+it+and+seek+out+all+manner+of+evil+and+dishonour+for+its+inhabitants,+began+to+spread+themselves+over+the+city+and+district,+slaying+and+robbing+and+ravishing+women,+showing+such+ownership+and+disdain+of+all,+as+if+they+were+their+mortal+foes+whom+they+had+to+dominate+for+the+first+time;+and,+at+the+beginning,+none+made+bold+to+hinder+it,+for+the+great+fear+they+had+of+the+King,+who+had+ordered+that+no+one+should+do+them+harm,+for+the+great+necessity+wherein+he+was+placed+of+needing+them;+for+little+did+he+think+at+first+that+men+who+came+to+help+him+and+on+whom+he+expected+to+bestow+great+favours,+would+do+in+such+wise+in+his+land,+and+when+some+persons+complained+to+him+of+the+great+wrongdoings+they+were+receiving+from+them,+the+King+spoke+to+the+Earl+about+it,+but+small+correction+was+made+to+it+all.%22
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>>18730342>>18730675 >>18730719 >>18731583 >18731586>18731636>18731643>18731646>>18731649
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>>18730347This post gave me heart palpitations.
>>18730342 >>18730675>>18730719>>18731583>18731586>18731636>18731643>18731646>18731649>18731653>18731656>>18731660http://web.archive.org/web/20250212025944/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zvK-_3n3znAC&q=%22instead+of+entering+Castile%20%22#v=snippet&q=%22instead%20of%20entering%20Castile%20%22&f=falsehttp://web.archive.org/web/20250212025944/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zvK-_3n3znAC&q=%22instead+of+entering+Castile%20%22#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://web.archive.org/web/20250212030950/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zvK-_3n3znAC&q=%2520The+chronicles%252%255D#v=onepage&q=%2520The%20chronicles%252%255D&f=falsehttp://web.archive.org/web/20250212030950/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zvK-_3n3znAC&q=%2520The+chronicles%252%255D#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://web.archive.org/web/20250212031118/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zvK-_3n3znAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
>>18730342>>18730675>>18730719>>18731583>18731586>18731636>18731643>18731646>18731649>18731653>18731656>18731660>>18731680https://archive.org/stream/chronicadeelfern00lope/chronicadeelfern00lope_djvu.txt
>>18730342>>18730675>>18730719>>18731583>18731586>18731636>18731643>18731646>18731649>18731653>18731656>18731660>18731680>>18731684
>>18730342>>18730904>>18730907>>18730937The Dutch West India Company tortured a Portuguese on his penis to get him to reveal the location of silver.https://twitter.com/deborah_hamer/status/1222622741507067904>It's taken years, but I've finally reached the stage of the game where I get to read about penis torture. So happy research day to me. (Manifest door d'inwoonders van Parnambuco uytgegeven tot hun verantwoordinge op 't aennemen der wapenen tegens de West-Ind. compagnie, 6)https://twitter.com/deborah_hamer/status/1222631906182934529>It's an accusation from a 1646 pamphlet (anonymous but purportedly by Luso-Brazilian colonists) against the WIC. They say that to extract the location of a cloister's silver, the Dutch tortured the cloister's "proviseur." (so no, its not about slavery...)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_italienne
>>18731690https://twitter.com/deborah_hamer/status/1222891354654683138For anyone following, the reply pamphlet (a Dutch defense of their actions in Brazil/argument that the Luso-Brazilians were not innocent of using violence) also mentions penises, saying that captured Dutch sailors were beheaded and castrated in the sight of the Dutch fort.
>>18731690>>18731692Dutch Brazil
>>18731708Fun fact: Maurits, the guy who conquered it for the Dutch in the first place was called the Brazilian for his efforts. But his actual legacy in the Netherlands consists of building a house where nowadays you can see paintings.
>>18730342>>18730729>>18730775>>18731690>>18731692Article from 1827 on a French man who was locked into a chastity device by his Portuguese girlfriendhttp://www.thomas-morris.uk/the-golden-padlock/The golden padlockThomas MorrisIn 1827 The London Medical and Physical Journal published a short report on what it called a case of ‘infibulation’. I was unfamiliar with this term, so had to look it up. It usually refers to an extreme form of female genital mutilation (FGM), the barbaric practice intended to prevent women from enjoying – and sometimes even engaging in – sexual intercourse. Infibulation sometimes applies to men, too, as this extraordinary case demonstrates.[In case you’re wondering whether to read on, it’s a fairly innocuous story and unlikely to offend any sensibilities]>Some years ago M. Dupuytren was consulted by Dr. Petroz, upon the case of M., the head of one of the most important manufactories in France.This is the nineteenth-century equivalent of the managing director of Peugeot or Airbus walking into your hospital.>He was about fifty years of age, of a strong and good constitution. For a long time he had had an abundant and fetid discharge from the penis: he made water with difficulty: the prepuce was much swollen, hard, and ulcerated in different parts.The prepuce is the foreskin. And this example sounds mighty unpleasant.>So far the case presented nothing remarkable; but the curiosity of the attendants was strongly excited by observing that the prepuce had been pierced through in several places, and that the aperture and borders of these small orifices were completely covered by a perfectly-organized cutaneous tissue.‘Perfectly-organised’ means that new skin had formed over the edges of the wounds, in much the same way that an ear piercing will become lined with new skin after a few weeks, as long as an earring or stud is left inside it to keep the hole open. This observation turned out to be significant.
>>18731725>M. Dupuytren determined, before he proceeded to any decisive mode of treatment, to ascertain in what manner these perforations in the prepuce had happened. The patient stated, that, when a young man, he had visited Portugal, where he had remained several years. He there formed a tender liaison with a young female of strong passions, and equally strong jealousy. He was devotedly attached to her, and she acquired over him the most absolute influence.So far, so sweet.>One day during the transports of their mutual passion, he felt a slight pricking sensation in the prepuce; but, having his attention completely abstracted by the caresses of his fair mistress, he did not even examine from whence arose the disagreeable feeling he had experienced. But, on retiring from the embraces of the lady, he found the prepuce secured by a little golden padlock, beautifully made, of which she had kept the key!Rather less sweet.>It would appear that the lady was not deficient in eloquence, for she kept her lover in good humor by her rhetoric, assisted, indeed, by occasional caresses, and persuaded him, not only to permit the padlock to remain, but to consider it a very ornamental appendage.There are plenty of modern intimate-piercing fans who would agree.>She even gained permission to re-apply it each time, that the skin which was pierced appeared weakened; and, however incredible it may seem, she at length, “to make assurance doubly sure,” put on two locks.I think I would draw the line at that, although one also suspects that ‘M’ was finding this more pleasurable than he admitted to his doctors.>M remained in this state for four or five years, constantly wearing one or two of the locks appended to the prepuce, the key of which was of course taken especial care of by his mistress. The consequence ultimately was that the prepuce became diseased, and a cancerous affection was threatened, when M. Dupuytren was consulted.
>>18731725>>18731726https://www.straightdope.com/21341234/have-chastity-belts-ever-been-used-on-menHave chastity belts ever been used on men?By Cecil Adams Feb 17, 1978>The history of the procedure stretches back some two millennia. Enforcing the celibacy of one’s spouse was only an incidental application, although there is a medieval story about a Frenchman who woke up to find his penis padlocked and his Portuguese mistress in possession of the key. In ancient Rome infibulation was most common among comic actors and musicians, who believed that discouraging erections would help them preserve their voices. In that respect it was certainly an improvement over the alternative, castration, in that it wasn’t permanent.https://www.straightdope.com/21341234/have-chastity-belts-ever-been-used-on-menhttp://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/62/have-chastity-belts-ever-been-used-on-menhttps://www.city-data.com/forum/politics-other-controversies/1109210-why-should-you-allowed-breed.htmlhttps://nikkieg23.wordpress.com/2009/05/18/a-straight-dope-classic-from-cecils-storehouse-of-human-knowledge/https://www.manual-guide.com/doc/55850/index.html?page=5https://sckool.org/the-straight-dope.html?page=4https://lib.convdocs.org/docs/index-3119.html?page=5https://textarchive.ru/c-2511424-pall.htmlhttps://silo.pub/download/the-straight-dope.htmlhttps://silo.pub/the-straight-dope.htmlhttps://epdf.pub/the-straight-dope-5ea7bcd523d12.htmlhttps://www.scribd.com/doc/95287579/Adams-Cecil-The-Straight-Dope
>>18731590Punic (Phoenician) Carthiginians and Amazigh Berber soldiers, Iranic Alans, Visigoths, Suebi, Vandals, Moors Umayyads and Berbers, Vikings, Almohads, Almoravids, Moroccan Riffian Amazighs Berbers and International Brigades all mass raped your people.Umayyad caliphs also raped boys in addition to girls.Even today Punic names like Amilcar (Hamilcar Barca) Arabic names like Almeida, Zoraida, Azahara, Gothic names like Rodriguez, Alfonso are all used there.Why did Portugal keep all the Arabic origin names like Algarve (al-gharb), Almeida (al-maida), Faro (harun), Fatima and not rename them during the reconquista?>Portuguese is equally influenced by Arabic?Yep see some common surnames in Portugal:>Almeida (Al-maida)>Albuquerque (Al-buquerque)>Alves (Al-ves)>Almada (AL-mada)See the "AL">Spanish so brave>Lost entire america>most feminist countryWhy didn't Portugal and Spain de-Arabise? They use Arabic origin surmames like Almánzar, Almeida, Alcaide.Placenames like Gibraltar, Algarve, Alfama, Faro, Albufeira, Alcoutim, Aljezur, Algeciras, Fátima, Los Santos de MaimonaCartagena is also Phoenician or Punic. From Carthage.For example Spanish uses Sastre for tailor but Portuguese uses Arabic Alfaiate from Al-khayyat الخياط.Spanish intentionally borrowed the Catalan word Sastre to replace Arabic Alfayate.Enthre Spanish cities are named by Arabs and CarthaginiansSpanish and Portuguese have Arabic origin surnames like Almanzar and Almeida
>>18731578>>18731590>>18731748Muslims in Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba raped both girls and boys.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagius_of_C%C3%B3rdoba>His beauty was such that the Caliph fell in love with him when he had attained the age of 13. The boy, having remained a pious Christian, refused the Caliph's advances, striking the monarch and insulting him. Enraged, Abd-ar-Rahman had the boy tortured for six hours and then dismembered.[3] Other accounts have him being shot from a catapult over the city walls, with the Caliph expecting his body to be dashed on the rocks of the river. When Pelagius emerged from this harsh sentence unharmed, he was then decapitated. The various accounts uphold his refusal to fulfil the Caliph's wishes.[4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrs_of_C%C3%B3rdobahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurelius_and_Nataliahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunilo_and_Alodiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Laurahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano-Arabic_homoerotic_poetry>The preference for Christian male and female slaves over women or ephebes of their own culture contributed to the hostility of the Christian kingdoms.[3] How many nights I have been served drinksby the hands of a roe deer that commits me!He made me drink from his eyes and from his handand it was drunkenness upon drunkenness, passion upon passion.I would take kisses from her cheeks and dip my lipsin her mouth, both sweeter than honey.—Ibn al-Kattānī, Tašbīhāt, nº 177>In another poem, Ar-Ramadi gave proof of his bisexuality by recounting a night of passion with an ephebe and a slave girl:[1]
>>18731748Examples of Portuguese and Spanish names that trace their roots back to ancient Germanic tribes, such as the Visigoths, who settled in the Iberian Peninsula.Here is a comprehensive list of Iberian names of Germanic origin, grouped by their original meanings:Names Related to Power, Wealth, and Nobility• Afonso / Alfonso: Comes from Adalfuns, combining words for "noble" and "ready/ready for battle."• Fernando / Fernando: Rooted in Ferdinand, meaning "brave traveler" or "daring protector."• Gonzalo / Gonçalo: Derived from Gundisalvus, meaning "genius of war" or "saved in battle."• Rodrigo: Traces back to Hrodric, meaning "famous ruler" or "powerful in glory."Names Related to Battle, Strength, and Protection• Álvaro / Alvaro: Originates from Allward, meaning "all-guardian" or "guardian of all."• Guilherme / Guillermo: Derived from Willahelm, meaning "will-helmet" or "resolute protector."• Gualter / Walter: Comes from Waldhar, meaning "ruler of the army."• Ramiro: From Radamir, meaning "famous counselor" or "great judge."• Ricardo / Ricardo: Rooted in Richard, meaning "strong ruler" or "brave leader."Feminine Names with Germanic Roots• Amália / Amalia: Derived from the Germanic element amal, meaning "work," "activity," or "industrious."• Bruna / Bruna: Comes from Brun, meaning "brown" or "shining armor."• Elsa / Elsa: A short form of Elisabeth, but often tied to the Germanic root aliz, meaning "noble type."• Frida / Frida: Directly derived from Fridu, meaning "peace."• Gisela / Gisela: Originates from gisil, meaning "pledge" or "hostage."• Ilda / Hilda: Derived from Hild, meaning "battle" or "warfare."• Otília / Otilia: Derived from Odo or Otto, meaning "wealth," "fortune," or "heritage."
>>18731758https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Suebihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez>"The illustrious Sanchez Family... is descended from one of a number of Gothic knights (caballeros) who in the year 714 escaped from the ‘barbara furia’ of the Mohammedan invasion and took up their residence in the hills of Leon, Galicia, Asturia, Burgos, and the Pyrenees. They took part under the Gothic king of the Asturias Pelayo (Pelagius), in the battle of Covadonga (730?) against the Mohammedans, and then returned to the Pyrenees where they elected as their leader Don Garcia Ximenez. From here they passed down into Navarre and Aragon..."[1]Pelagius (Pelayo) was a Visigoth but Iberians tried to revise history and claim he is native Iberian or Hispano-Roman. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagius_of_AsturiasSlavs (Saqaliba) even ruled over Iberians in Al-Andalus in the Taifa kingdoms of the fitna period.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarak_and_Muzaffarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labib_al-Fata_al-Saqlabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitna_of_al-Andalushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa
>>18731758>>18731771https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancheshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_(surname)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_(surname)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodriguezhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo>Rodrigo (/rɒˈdriːɡɔː/) is a Spanish and Portuguese name derived from the Germanic name Roderick (Gothic *Hroþareiks, via Latinized Rodericus or Rudericus), given specifically in reference to either King Roderic (d. 712), the last Visigothic ruler or to Saint Roderick (d. 857), one of the Martyrs of Córdoba (feast day 13 March). The modern given name has the short forms Ruy, Rui, and in Galician Roy, Roi.>The patronymic surname of this name is "Rodríguez".>The name is very frequently given in Portugal; it was the most popularly given masculine name in 2011–2012, and during 2013–2016 ranked between 4th and 2nd most popular. It is also moderately popular in Spain, ranking between 30th and 60th most popular during 2002–2015.[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_(given_name)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruy
>>18731607https://x.com/DanielDiMartino/status/2058907537328493013https://x.com/BowTiedPassport/status/2058919971690832044
>>18731607>>18731783https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potosi_Minehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerro_Ricohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%ADhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potosi_Mining_District
>>18730342>The Brunswick rifle was predominantly issued to specialized marine light infantry units, including the Rifle Brigade and the elite 60th (King's Royal Rifle Corps), given their specific operational demands during the First Opium War.How Hanoids ever recovered from that?
>>18731725>>18731726>>18731728https://archive.org/details/maladieschirurgi00dema/page/392/mode/2uphttps://books.google.fr/books?id=3BSgAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA114&dq="apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+séjour+de+plusieurs+années+en+Portugal+;+que+là+"&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH7JzcyMfsAhUzj3IEHQNdA_UQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=%22apprit%20alors%20que%20le%20malade%20%2C%20jeune%20encore%20%2C%20avait%20fait%20un%20voyage%20et%20un%20s%C3%A9jour%20de%20plusieurs%20ann%C3%A9es%20en%20Portugal%20%3B%20que%20l%C3%A0%20%22&f=falsehttps://books.google.fr/books?id=OAcl2ZhR39EC&pg=PA392&dq=%22apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+s%C3%A9jour+de+plusieurs+ann%C3%A9es+en+Portugal+;+que+l%C3%A0+%22&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH7JzcyMfsAhUzj3IEHQNdA_UQ6AEwAXoECAIQAghttps://books.google.fr/books?id=KP8aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA86&dq=%22apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+s%C3%A9jour+de+plusieurs+ann%C3%A9es+en+Portugal+;+que+l%C3%A0+%22&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH7JzcyMfsAhUzj3IEHQNdA_UQ6AEwAnoECAUQAg
>>18731725>>18731726>>18731728>>18731848https://books.google.fr/books?id=L-o4AQAAMAAJ&q="apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+séjour+de+plusieurs+années+en+Portugal+;+que+là+"&dq="apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+séjour+de+plusieurs+années+en+Portugal+;+que+là+"&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH7JzcyMfsAhUzj3IEHQNdA_UQ6AEwA3oECAQQAghttps://books.google.fr/books?id=vc3LEyGg4U4C&q="apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+séjour+de+plusieurs+années+en+Portugal+;+que+là+"&dq="apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+séjour+de+plusieurs+années+en+Portugal+;+que+là+"&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH7JzcyMfsAhUzj3IEHQNdA_UQ6AEwBHoECAMQAghttps://books.google.fr/books?id=OORfGFP2APMC&q="apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+séjour+de+plusieurs+années+en+Portugal+;+que+là+"&dq="apprit+alors+que+le+malade+,+jeune+encore+,+avait+fait+un+voyage+et+un+séjour+de+plusieurs+années+en+Portugal+;+que+là+"&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH7JzcyMfsAhUzj3IEHQNdA_UQ6AEwBXoECAAQAg>Obs. CXIX. Cancer du prépuce, causé par une irritation fort longtemps prolongée. -- Il y a quelques années, Dupuytren fut appelé par le docteur Petroz auprès de M. M..., chef de l'une des plus importantes manufactures de France. Celui-ci, âgé pour lors d'environ cinquante ans, d'une bonne et forte constitution, avait depuis longtemps un écoulement abondant et fétide par l'extrémité de la verge; il n'urinait qu'avec difficulté et douleur ; le prépuce, considérablement tuméfié, était consistant, dur et ulcéré en divers endroits. Le rétrécissement situé à l'entrée, le gonflement et l'induration, étaient l'obstacle à l'écoulement des urines.
>>18731725>>18731726>>18731728>>18731848>>18731881>Jusque-là le cas n'offrait rien qu'on ne voie assez souvent; mais ce qui fixa l'attention, et qui étonna tout à la fois, ce fut de trouver le prépuce percé et mème traversé çà et là par des ouvertures et des conduits revêtus à leur entrée, et dans leur intérieur, d'un tissu cutané parfaitement organisé.>Avant d'aller plus loin, et surtout avant de rien entreprendre, Dupuytren voulut connaitre la cause du mal et la nature des perforations qu'il avait sous les yeux. Il apprit alors que le malade, jeune encore, avait fait un voyage et un séjour de plusieurs années en Portugal; que là il s'était lié avec une femme jeune, vive, passionnée et jalouse; que cette jeune femme, dont il était éperdument épris, avait bientôt acquis un empire absolu sur lui, et qu'au milieu des transports d'un amour réciproque, il s'était un jour senti légèrement piqué au prépuce; mais que, rassuré et distrait par les caresses de son amante, il n'avait pas même examiné d’où provenait la sensation désagréable qu'il venait d'éprouver. C'est seulement en sortant de ses bras qu'il s'était trouvé le prépuce affublé d'un petit cadenas d'or, artistement travaillé, et dont elle avait gardé la clef.
>>18730347perfidious anglo as usual.
>>18730904>>18730976https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294683440_Guns_in_paradise_German_and_Dutch_artillerymen_in_the_Portuguese_empire_1415-1640https://revistas.rcaap.pt/aham/article/view/37221/31388https://www.academia.edu/39550865/MUSEU_MILITAR_LISBON_BRONZE_CANNON_OF_GENOESE_MANUFACTUREhttps://online.1stflip.com/dqyd/3ar7/files/simple/521.htmlhttps://www.face/book.com/groups/1638271793060406/posts/2362737260613852/https://silverhawkauthor.com/artillery/artillery-in-portugal-lisbon-marine-museum/https://www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/organization/portugal/c_portugalarty3.html
>>18731725 >>18731726 >>18731728 >>18731848 >18731881>>18731893>Quelque désagréable, quelque incommode, quelque huiniliante même que cette précaution dût paraître à un homme, la jeune femme fit valoir tant de raisons, de caresses et de protestations d'amour et de dévouement, que non-seulement elle obtint qu'il ne se fàchàt pas, mais encore qu'il ne retiràt pas le cadenas, et qu'elle réussit presque à le lui faire regarder comme un ornement. Elle fit plus : elle obtint que le cadenas fût renouvelé toutes les fois que la peau qu'il traversait paraissait aliérée. Elle parvint même, chose incroyable, à en placer deux à fois. C'est dans cet état que M. M... passa quatre ou cinq ans, pendant lesquels il porta un ou deux cadenas appendus au prépuce, et dont sa maîtresse gardait soigneusement la clef.>Est-ce à cette singulière, à cette extraordinaire pratique qu'il fallait attribuer la dégénérescence du prépuce? Petroz et Dupuytren n'hésiterent pas à le penser. En effet, le nombre des intibulations, qui ne s'élevait pas à moins d'une vingtaine, les tractions sur le prépuce par le poids des cadenas, par les efforts de distension amenée par les érections, paraissent des causes plus que suffisantes pour entrainer cette dégénération; et ce qui achève de prouver que telle avait été la cause de la maladie de M. M..., c'est qu'à dater de son retour de Portugal, il n'avait cessé d'avoir le prépuce irrité, tuméfié, douloureux.>Il n'y avait pas à hésiter : l'engorgement du prépuce était cancéreux ou prêt à le devenir. Il fallait enlever cette partie sous peine de voir se continuer les indispositions de M. M..., ou de le voir périr un jour d'un cancer à la verge. Le prépuce fut enlevé en entier par une sorte de circoncision. Le malade fut pansé et remis aux soins de Sanson, qui, en moins de trois semaines, conduisit la plaie à parfaite cicatrice.
>>18731161This man is Chinese, Mexicans do not have the attention spans required to make a list about rape.
Evil Chinkspammer be like: Here is EVERY historical instance in which Chinese women were raped and married off to foreign men. His copypastas would probably exceed the posting limit.
>>18731725 >>18731726 >>18731728 >>18731848 >18731881>18731893 >>18732116https://books.google.fr/books?id=xhA-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA228&dq=petroz+prepuce+portugal&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi81eiozMfsAhVBmuAKHeh4DS4Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=petroz%20prepuce%20portugal&f=falsehttps://books.google.fr/books?id=16huj4AZNrMC&pg=PA248&dq=petroz+prepuce+portugal&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi81eiozMfsAhVBmuAKHeh4DS4Q6AEwAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=petroz%20prepuce%20portugal&f=falsehttps://books.google.fr/books?id=qfuzAAAAIAAJ&q=petroz+prepuce+portugal&dq=petroz+prepuce+portugal&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi81eiozMfsAhVBmuAKHeh4DS4Q6AEwBHoECAYQAg2ahUKEwi81eiozMfsAhVBmuAKHeh4DS4Q6AEwBnoECAEQAghttps://books.google.fr/books?id=oUobAAAAYAAJ&q=petroz+prepuce+portugal&dq=petroz+prepuce+portugal&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi81eiozMfsAhVBmuAKHeh4DS4Q6AEwBnoECAEQAg
>>18730775>This Portuguese noble family was descended from a French knight in Reconquista.This woman is from the same d'Alpoim family of French descent.A young Portuguese female student (now professor) Jade d'Alpoim Guedes was prepositioned for sex at Harvard in 2012 an elderly Anglo-American professor Gary Urton in his 60s.She refused his request for sex and he was not fired until 2020.https://twitter.com/JadeArchaeobot/status/1267605974426120192https://twitter.com/JadeArchaeobot/status/1298699197009469445https://twitter.com/Dr_Dzeguze/status/1267868457380413440https://twitter.com/Marywhydoyou/status/1267814159489601537https://twitter.com/NicholasGuyatt/status/1267750860802621441https://twitter.com/NicholasGuyatt/status/1267803739064336385https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Urton#Selected_publicationsJade d'Alpoim Guedes then married a Chinese man, Chunbai Zhang.https://twitter.com/JadeArchaeobot/status/1026916493601062912>I’m Portuguese and my husband is Chinese. There is clearly a difference between the example you cite but would you have neither of us see our families again because we have neither jobs nor in his case the nationality of his country of birth for political reasons?https://twitter.com/JadeArchaeobot/status/1442721847485763585https://twitter.com/JadeArchaeobot/status/1237234187545063424https://twitter.com/JadeArchaeobot/status/1458946692368109569https://www.linkedin.com/in/jade-d-alpoim-guedes-24758018https://jendoody.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/colloquy_fall10.pdfhttps://twitter.com/jadearchaeobot/status/1140019123436412928
>>18732177https://www.news24.com/news24/my-roots-my-family-20070531https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/28357/1/05%20-%20Ana%20Tosto%CC%83es%20%E2%80%93%C2%A0Revisiting%20Post-CIAM%20Generation%20Proceedings.pdfhttps://issuu.com/docomomo_si/docs/1_pdfsam_docomomo_layout_ebookhttps://pt.scribd.com/document/51430938/AS-AFRICAS-DE-PANCHO-GUEDES-THE-AFRICAS-OF-PANCHO-GUEDEShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diniz_d%27_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amador_Vaz_de_Alpoimhttps://www.geni.com/people/Jo%C3%A3o-De-Alpoim/6000000076175375982https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=alpoimhttps://peoplepill.com/people/pedro-annes-dalpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diniz_d%27_Alpoimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Annes_d%27Alpoimhttps://peoplepill.com/people/lopo-de-alpoim/https://peoplepill.com/people/pedro-annes-dalpoimhttps://forebears.io/surnames/alpoimhttps://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=de%20alpoimhttps://surnam.es/alpoim-surnamehttps://www.heraldrycrests.com/a5/Alpoim.htm
>>18732177>>18732180https://twitter.com/georginaguedeshttps://za.linkedin.com/in/georgina-guedeshttps://cfo.co.za/authors/georgina-guedes/https://archive.md/ApwvXhttps://www.face/book.com/georgina.guedes.3https://www.instagram.com/georginaguedes/https://www.instagram.com/georginadesousaguedes/https://www.flf.co.za/authors/georgina-guedes/https://muckrack.com/georgina-guedes-1https://www.pinterest.com/notawitch/https://www.linkedin.com/in/jade-d-alpoim-guedes-24758018/zh-cnhttps://www.pinterest.com/jadeguedes/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Urton#Selected_publicationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Urton#Sexual_harassment_allegationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Urtonhttps://www.harvardmagazine.com/2021/06/urton-misconducthttps://www.science.org/content/article/prominent-harvard-archaeologist-put-leave-amid-allegations-sexual-harassmenthttps://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/8/28/gary-urton-odr-complaint-conclusion/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/6/11/urton-sanctions/https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BXVMXk4AAAAJ&hl=frhttps://kimberlytheidon.com/2021/06/10/2472/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/gary-urton/https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/geoglyph/people/gary-urtonhttps://academic-sexual-misconduct-database.org/index.php/person/gary-urton
>>18730889The East African B Y-DNA spotted in Hazaras in this study mentioned here is likely from these Ethiopians in Afghanistan. It also mentions East Asian Y-DNA O in Spanish.https://forwhattheywereweare.blogspot.com/2012/03/y-dna-from-afghanistan.html?showComment=1339515105026#c4462869902449893964https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/12665117/#q12666202>>12666202https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/12681294/#q12681404>>12681404East African ancestry in Hazaras of AfghanistanE_8BDmyX0AMFbS9.pnghttps://twitter.com/afgmeh/status/1440884640777113606Ethiopi𝐚ns (H𝐚besh𝐚/Abyssini𝐚ns): Mostly Shi'a were descendants of slaves that served the Durrani kings. They were respected and integrated into the larger Shi'a community of Afghanistan.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAfghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Eventshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501/"We also note the presence of the African B-M60 only in Hazara, with a relatively recent common founder ancestor from East Africa as shown in the RM network (Figure S1D)."
>>18731725 >>18731726 >>18731728>>18731848 >18731881>18731893>18732116 >>18732169
>>18731725 >>18731726 >>18731728>>18731848>18731881>18731893>18732116>18732169>>18732638‘Cancerous’ was sometimes used to describe a condition with a tendency to spread, such as ulcers or a rash; it does not necessarily indicate malignancy.>The safest and most effectual course was then adopted. The prepuce was removed by an operation nearly resembling circumcision. Under the care of M. Sanson, the cure was complete in less than three weeks. The patient has remained in perfect health.One hopes that this French captain of industry managed to keep the episode secret from his employees. He’d never have heard the end of it.
>>18731334Not really, even Philip II was more Spanish than Leonor was.
>>18730775County of Barcelona and Kingdom of Aragon were ruled by Goths before the House of Trastámara who were from Burgundy.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellonidshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Barcelona
>>18732695I hear you chink spammer, but a noble from france marrying a noble from spain as part of some mutually beneficial political alliance is in no way comparable to horse riding nomads storming your capital killing millions of chinks and enforcing a racial caste system. now you can get mad at me
>>18732710You forgot the part where Carthage, Umayyads, Alans, Suebi, Vandals, Goths, Napoleon did that to Iberia and raped millions of Iberians.Genghis Khan mostly killed Jurchens and Tanguts and he took Jurchen Princess Qiguo and a Tangut princess as wives.Genghis sacked the Jurchen majprity Zhongdu and Tangut majority Xingqing with Han tumen armies led by Han generals like Shi Bingzhi, Guo Baoyu, Guo Dehai, Zhang Rou, Liu Heima who joined him.Han officer Cui Li opened gates to kill JurchenKublai Khan also gave Korean women as wives to Han Chinese Southern Song soldiers to defect to his side and become the Newly Submitted Army (Xinfu jun).Mongols sold their own children incliding daughters as slaves to Han Chinese during the Yuan dynastyhttps://desuarchive.org/his/thread/13220256/#q13220278>>13220278Kublai Khan had to hand out Korean women as wives to the Southern Song soldiers in Xiangyang (now turned into the Xinfu jun,newly submitted army) after they demanded Kublai provide them with women, after defecting.https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/17388491/#q17388491>>17388491Han dynasty China also ruled Vietnam and Korea 2000 years ago.Han general Guo Kan's grandfather Guo Baoyu participated in Genghis Khan's conquest of Khwarezmia in Central Asia.Guo Kan grew up in the household of Han general Shi Tianze, whose sons all married Mongol womenHan general Shi Tianze's son Shi Gang married a Mongol Kerait Nestorian Christian womanAnother one of his sons married the daughter of Mongol official Menggu Baer.Mongols sold their own children incliding daughters as slaves to Han Chinese during the Yuan dynastyhttps://desuarchive.org/his/thread/13220256/#q13220278>>13220278Shandong Han noble Duke Yansheng Kong Xixue (Confucius family) married a Mongol woman from the SulduzStrange "racial caste system" where the "higher caste" marries their women off.Last time I checked, Umayyads exclusively took your women as sex slaves not vice versa.
>>18733032>You forgot the part where Carthage, Umayyads, Alans, Suebi, Vandals, Goths, Napoleon did that to Iberia and raped millions of Iberians.>CarthageOnly controlled some coastlines>Alans, Suebi, Vandals, GothsBarbarian invasions happened all over europe, most of them were either defeated or had to adapt to the Roman majority>UmayyadsAl Andalus was goated>NapoleonHe lost + we also invaded the French several times ourselvesSorry chink, you LOST. We still own Macau, btw
>>18731471And as repeatly mentioned, it was exactly the collapsing Ming which continued defeating the Dutch and the SpanishThe Ming defeated the Dutch in Pescadores (Penghu) in 1624, Liaoluo bay in 1633 and Taiwan in 1661-1662 WHILE at war with the Qing.The same Dutch crushed the Spanish in Taiwan in 1642The same Southern Ming remnants scared the Spanish in the Philippines in 1662-1663 into withdrawing every Spanish soldier from Moluccas in Indonesia and Zamboanga in Mindanao, losing Moluccas forever and Zamboanga for decades.The same Southern Ming kingdom of Tungning on Taiwan forced Spanish Philippines to pay tribute to themDutch and English observers said Zheng Jing in the kingdom of Tungning could seize Manila from Spain if he attacked immediately.He waa distracted by war of the three feudatories against the Qing.Dark ages Cambodia which was being bullied by Thailand, defeated and massacred the entire Spanish invasion force in the 1590s.The point is that even collapsing Cambodia and a collapsing Ming beat Spain.>>18731471None of the western powers in the late Qing conquered China and neither did Japan.Japan was literally forced to stop at Liaodong in the first Sino Japanese War with its modernised army with Britain's helpAnd none of those western powers were Spain or PortugalChinese pirates defeated Portuguese in Ningbo in 1857 who were backed by the Portuguese consulMacau was under de facto British protection, otherwise British themselves said China could easily retake it, noting how Chinese pirates won Ningbo massacre against Portuguese pirates secretly backed by the Portuguese consul in 1857A Portuguese naval lorcha was warned in 1857 to not intervene in the fight or it would be destroyed tooPortugal only stopped paying rent for Macau and annexed it in the 1840s under British protection as Britain opened a consulate in MacauPortugal then foolishly tried to expand extraterritorial rights to Ningbo with no UK protection.
>>18731471>>18733106Chinese also defeated the warships of the Dutch East India Company at Liaoluo bay in 1633, not just armed exploration shipsThe entire battle was pre-set and chosen by invitation, the Dutch prepared warships after they were told where the battle would take place. There was no ambush or surprise.The Chinese blew up a Dutch ship, disabled another Dutch ship by cannon fire so it floundered and captured another Dutch ship in hand to hand combat.The same Dutch defeated the Spanish in Taiwan in 1642 and beat back Spanish attempts to conquer the Netherlands.
>>18733108Portugal gave African lions to the Qing emperor when he threatened to invade Macau and revoke the lease in the 17th century>Red Flag Fleet, which had grown so powerful that they were planning to take over ChinaThey had zero land forces and weren't taking over anything. They were raiding and harassing the coastAlso they stole a Portuguese brig which is why Portugal attacked them.>they ignored Portugal's requests for further concessionsPortugal only annexed Macau after the first Opium war and Russia only annexed the Amur after the Opium war as well.Both Russia and Portugal would not have dared if Britain did not attack the Qing.Portugal remembered battle of Veniaga and Russia remembered Albazin. Russian observers in 18th century also recommended against going to war with the Qing.Britain and America sent their legations to Macau after Portugal openly annexed it and stopped paying rent, which it paid for centuries before that.The Qing viewed the British legation as de facto military support by Britain for the annexation of MacauBritish journalists at Ningbo said that Chinese viewed Macau as under de facto protection of other Europeans (ie Britain) and that they did not fear Portuguese militaryThey noted Portugal demanded the consulate be opened at Ningbo after annexing Macau and tried to spread extraterritorial rights to Portuguese along the entire coast from Macau to Ningbo but went too farThe Portuguese consul at Ningbo was protecting the Portuguese pirates in attacking Chinese ships and villages and claiming extraterritorial rights over then to get then released when arrestedThen the Cantonese pirates under Ah Pak defeated the Portuguese pirates at Ningbo in 1857 and threatened a Portuguese government lorcha there to stand down and not intervene.Portuguese pirates lost 40 dead and Cantonese pirates lost 2 deadThe Portuguese consul fled during the battle and stopped all extra territorial claims and piracy outside of Macau.
>>18731134>>18731152>>18733110https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/18310574/#q18312094>Portugal did not even exercise sovereignty over Macau until after the Opium wars in the mid 19th century.>Macau was officially under China's sovereignty with Portugal paying annual rent to live there, during the Ming, and the Qing until the 1840s.>Portugal only stopped paying rent and officially annexed Macau after the 1840s Furst Opium war when Britain attacked and took over Hong Kong.>Portuguese pirates still lost to Chunese pirates led by Ah Pak in the 1857 Ningpo massacre.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningpo_massacreAlsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passale%C3%A3o_incident#Aftermath>The Portuguese proceeded to assemble a naval flotilla for a punitive expedition. The frigate Dona Maria II, the corvettes Irís and Dom João I and some armed lorchas gathered in the harbour on 29 October 1850 to fire a salute in honour of King Ferdinand II on his birthday. After the salute, and just before the local elites could board the Dona Maria II for the celebrations, the frigate exploded. The cause was sabotage by the keeper of the magazine with a grudge against the captain. Nearly 200 men died and the expedition was called off. A memorial to the victims of the Dona Maria II tragedy, erected in 1880, still stands by the site of the old fort in Taipa.[c][2]
>>18731134>>18731152>>18731547>>18733112Portugal didn't dare do any of this before the first opium War.Portugal only officially annexed Macau right before this battle happened, for 300 years they didn't do any of thesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passale%C3%A3o_incident#Changes_in_Portuguese_policy>Changes in Portuguese policyThe Portuguese governor João Maria Ferreira do Amaral had adopted a confrontational stance towards the Chinese, as displayed in the earlier revolt of the faitiões (October 1846). In early 1849 he proposed to extend a road from the walls of the city to the Chinese border. This required the relocation of some Chinese graves. Further, he ordered Chinese residents within the walls to pay taxes to the Portuguese authorities and no longer to the imperial mandarins.[2]>Amaral also placed stricter controls on the lorcha traffic and tried to stop the mandarins from collecting customary dues from the Tanka people who lived on boats in the harbour, since Macau was a free port. The mandarins retained two customs houses,[b:lit] one at the Inner Harbour (Praia Pequena) and one at the Outer Harbour (Praia Grande). They refused to close them at Amaral's request, so on 5 March he proclaimed them closed. The mandarins still did not budge and, on 13 March, they were forcibly expelled. Amaral informed the mandarins of Zhongshan that if they ever visited Macau they would be received as foreign dignitaries.[3]>By all these moves the mandarins—and the Chinese state—stood to lose significant revenue. The Chinese inhabitants of Macau were inflamed. Placards offering a reward for the head of Amaral were posted in Guangzhou (Canton).[2] The governor, however, had achieved his goal of Macanese independence from China: for the legations of Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States accredited to China had chosen to stay in Macau while awaiting permission to enter China.[3]>Passaleão incident
>>18731547>>18733113https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Faiti%C3%B5es>The Revolt of the Faitiões (Chinese: 十·八慘案; Portuguese: Revolta dos Faitiões) was an armed insurrection against Portuguese rule in Macau that took place on 8 October 1846. The revolt was prompted by a duty imposed on the faitiões ("fast boats [junks]", from Chinese fai teang) by the new governor. João Maria Ferreira do Amaral had been appointed governor of Macau on 21 April 1846 in the aftermath of the First Opium War, when the Portuguese wanted to assert their rights against a weak and defeated China and resist British power.[1Portugal didn't dare do this before the first opium war because they remembered losing the battles of Tamão and Veniaga against the Ming and remembered they literally had to send a gift of African lions and beg the Qing government not to deport them in the 17th centuryPortugal literally sent a surrender document to the Qing Han bannerman Shang Kexi when he took over Guangdong from the Ming, saying they recognised they were now under Qing sovereigntyRussia was also defeated by Qing Han bannermen (former Southern Ming troops of Zheng Jing) in Albazin in the 1680s, and Russia conceded the Amur to the QingIn the 1700s, Serbian diplomat Count Sava Lukich Vladislavich-Raguzinsky worked for Russia in ChinaCount Sava gave the same assessment of Qing defences in Albazin, saying Russia would lose a war to the Qing if they tried attacking themRussia and Portugal only moved against China after Britain attacked in the first opium war in the 1840sPortugal annexed Macau and stopped paying rent and customs revenue to China only in the 1840s, and only started taxing Chinese living in Macau as Portuguese citizens at that timeThey didn't dare do that for almost 300 yearsRussia seized outer Amur region from China in middle of the second opium warRussia never made a move in the entire 1700s because they remembered their defeats at Albazin.
>>18731134 >>18731152 >>18731547>>18733115Before the 1840s, Chinese in Macau paid taxes only to China necause Macau was Chinese sovereign territory under the lease.Portugal didn't dare do any of that for almost 300 years. Portugal remembered they were militarily weaker than China in the 1500s and 1600s and didn't want to find out if that was still true even with modern industrial weapons, until the British attacked in the 1840s and annexed Hong Kong.Russia also assumed even with their modernised military, that the military situation was the same as the 1600s and 1700s and that Russia would lose in an attack on the Amur, until the Opium wars.Russia annexed the Amur while Britain and France were fighting the Qing.China had a permanent British base in Hong Kong after the first opium war and if it went to war with Portugal or Russia, Britain would seize more.Portuguese still lost this after officially annexing Macauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningpo_massacre>The Ningpo Massacre was a massacre of Portuguese pirates by Cantonese pirates led by Ah Pak around the city of Ningbo. During the Qing dynasty, in the 19th century, the Ningbo authorities contracted Cantonese pirates to eliminate by extermination Portuguese pirates who raided Cantonese shipping around Ningbo. The campaign was "successful", with 40 Portuguese dead and only two Chinese dead, being dubbed "The Ningpo Massacre" by an English correspondent,
>>18731134>>18731152>>18731547>>18733117A British journalist during the 1857 Ningbo massacre openly said Chinese did not view Portuguese the same as other Europeans and were militarily capable of taking Macau, but feared the intervention of other western powers.>The fishermen and carrying junks, glad to be rid of the Portuguese yoke, gradually transferred their custom to the Cantonese fleet, and the Portuguese, hungry and furious, became more active in their piracies, and attacked the Cantonese ships when they could get them at an advantage, and murdered their crews with circumstances of great atrocity.>The Cantonese do not look upon the Portuguese as Europeans. They have not the same fear of them. They can fight them man to man. Macao would have been taken by the Chinese long since, had they not dreaded the interference of the other Western powers. After a few of these very sanguinary provocations, A'Pak-not, it is believed, without the concurrence of the Toutai of Ningpo determined to destroy this Portuguese convoy fleet>For this purpose A'Pak's brother collected his snake-boats and convoy junks from along the whole coast, and assembled about twenty of them, and perhaps 500 men. The Portuguese were not long hearing of these preparations, but they seem to have been struck with panie. Some of their vessels went south, some were taken at the mouth of the river. Seven lorchas took refuge up the river, opposite the Portuguese consulate. The sailors on board these lorchas landed some of their big guns, and put the consulate in a state of defence, and perhaps hoped that the neighbourhood of the European houses and the character of the consulate would prevent an attack.>Not so
>>18731134>>18731152>>18731547>>18733122>On the day I have above mentioned the Canton fleet came up the river. The Portuguese consul immediately fled. The lorchas fired one broadside at them as they approached, and then the crews deserted their vessels, and made for the shore. About 200 Cantonese, accompanied by a few Europeans, followed these 140 Portuguese and Manilla-men ashore. A fight took place in the streets. It was of very short duration, for the Portuguese behaved in the most dastardly manner. The Manilla-men showed some spirit, but the Portuguese could not even persuade themselves to fight for their lives behind the walls of their consulate. The fortified house was taken and sacked by these, Chinamen, the Portuguese were pursued among the tombs, where they sought refuge, and forty of them were shot down, or hunted and butchered with spears.15 out of 400 killed was virtually nothing, compared it to Qing battles against Britain in the Opium wars and France in the Sino-French war.The Qing force didn't disintegrate due to 15 deaths.The Qing only did not take Macau because the legations of Spain, UK and US were stationed in Macau, giving de facto international recognition to Portugal annexing Macau>By all these moves the mandarins—and the Chinese state—stood to lose significant revenue. The Chinese inhabitants of Macau were inflamed. Placards offering a reward for the head of Amaral were posted in Guangzhou (Canton).[2] The governor, however, had achieved his goal of Macanese independence from China: for the legations of Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States accredited to China had chosen to stay in Macau while awaiting permission to enter China.[3]The Qing didn't fear Spain, it was UK and US that were military threats to China.British journalists openly said the only reason Macau wasn't stormed was because of other European powers like UK, see >>18733122
>>18731134>>18731152>>18731547>>18733126Chinese pirates defeated Portuguese at that Ningbo massacre in 1857 and the Portuguese consul secretly backing the pirates openly fled and the Portuguese navy vessel at the scene didn't dare assist the Portuguese pirates after the Chinese pirates warned it to back offAs I said, at Passaleão, 15 deaths was nothing.Qing forces took way more casualties against British and French forces before disintegration and routing.The Qing army chose not to storm Macau because UK de facto recognised the Portuguese annexation, not because of Portuguese military power.Portugal stopped paying rent and annexed Macau only in the 1840s after the first opium war.Macau was under China's sovereignty and Portugal paid annual rent of 500 silver taels each year to live there for nearly three hundred years.Portugal exercised official sovereignty over Macau for less than 160 years.Portugal's control was de facto gone after the 1960s riots, China did not want to handle expenses of running Macau after the Carnation revolution and told Portugal that the hand over would take place in the 1990s.
>>18731134>>18731152>>18731547>>18733127The UK blocked Qing retaking of Macau because of the blow to morale foreign powers seeking extraterritorial rights in China would receive.Belgium, which similarity had zero power projection against China, received a concession in coastal China just by riding on the backs of the actual European powers like UK, France.Spain, Netherlands, Belgium and Portugal were the four European countries with zero hard military projection power against 19th century China.None of those four joined the 8 Nation Alliance in the 1900 Boxer rebellion, despite the Qing also declared war on them and attacking their legations too.They were also the countries that received historical defeats from China like Dutch at Pescadores, Liaoluo and Taiwan, Portuguese at Tamão and Veniaga and Spanish governor generals assassinations.They had to use the rights granted to UK and France who were the ones with actual projection.Chinese Cantonese civilan pirates defeated Portuguese pirates who were secretly backed by the Portuguese consular officer at Ningbo.The Portuguese pirates were backed by a Portuguese navy Lorcha until the Chinese pirates warned the Lorcha to stand down or get destroyedThen most of the Portuguese pirates got killed in the battle.>Portuguese pirates who were secretly backed by the Portuguese consular officer at Ningbo.They kept getting released every time they were arrested since the consul claimed extraterritorial rights for all Macanese up to Ningbo.The Dutch still retained a huge colony in Indonesia in 1900 unlike Spain which just lost the PhilippinesDutch did not even sent a token force to the 8 Nation Alliance either in 1900. They invaded Bali soon after but did not try in China again because of bad memoriesAll western European countries that suffered defeats by the Ming, did not join the 8 Nation Alliance.
>>18733135Spain, Netherlands did not participate in the Eigh Nation Alliance in 1900 despite Qing declaring war on them. They sent no troops in the Expeditionary force to Beijing.China defeated the Dutch East India Company in every single war, in Pescadores aka Penghu in 1622-1624, Liaoluo bay in 1633, Taiwan in 1661-1662 etc.Chinese civilians beheaded Spanish governor generals Gomez Pérez Dasmariñas in 1593 and his son Luis Pérez Dasmariñas in 1603Chinese threatening to invade the Philippins in 1662 forced Spain to withdraw all its soldiers from Maluku (Moluccas) in Indonesia forever and lost it, and from Zamboanga in Mindanao for decades.That's why they didn't join the Boxer war retard.
