>1. "The cult of tradition," characterized by cultural syncretism, even at the risk of internal contradiction. When all truth has already been revealed by tradition, no new learning can occur, only further interpretation and refinement.>2. "The rejection of modernism," which views the rationalistic development of Western culture since the Enlightenment as a descent into depravity. Eco distinguishes this from a rejection of superficial technological advancement, as many fascist regimes cite their industrial potency as proof of the vitality of their system.>3. "The cult of action for action's sake," which dictates that action is of value in itself and should be taken without intellectual reflection. This, says Eco, is connected with anti-intellectualism and irrationalism, and often manifests in attacks on modern culture and science.>4. "Disagreement is treason" – fascism devalues intellectual discourse and critical reasoning as barriers to action, as well as out of fear that such analysis will expose the contradictions embodied in a syncretistic faith.>5. "Fear of difference," which fascism seeks to exploit and exacerbate, often in the form of racism or an appeal against foreigners and immigrants.>6. "Appeal to a frustrated middle class," fearing economic pressure from the demands and aspirations of lower social groups.>7. "Obsession with a plot" and the hyping-up of an enemy threat. This often combines an appeal to xenophobia with a fear of disloyalty and sabotage from marginalized groups living within the society. Eco also cites Pat Robertson's book The New World Order as a prominent example of a plot obsession.
>8. Fascist societies rhetorically cast their enemies as "at the same time too strong and too weak." On the one hand, fascists play up the power of certain disfavored elites to encourage in their followers a sense of grievance and humiliation. On the other hand, fascist leaders point to the decadence of those elites as proof of their ultimate feebleness in the face of an overwhelming popular will.>9. "Pacifism is trafficking with the enemy" because "life is permanent warfare" – there must always be an enemy to fight. Both fascist Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini worked first to organize and clean up their respective countries and then build the war machines that they later intended to and did use, despite Germany being under restrictions of the Versailles treaty to not build a military force. This principle leads to a fundamental contradiction within fascism: the incompatibility of ultimate triumph with perpetual war.>10. "Contempt for the weak," which is uncomfortably married to a chauvinistic popular elitism, in which every member of society is superior to outsiders by virtue of belonging to the in-group. Eco sees in these attitudes the root of a deep tension in the fundamentally hierarchical structure of fascist polities, as they encourage leaders to despise their underlings, up to the ultimate leader, who holds the whole country in contempt for having allowed him to overtake it by force.>11. "Everybody is educated to become a hero," which leads to the embrace of a cult of death. As Eco observes, "[t]he Ur-Fascist hero is impatient to die. In his impatience, he more frequently sends other people to death."
>12. "Machismo," which sublimates the difficult work of permanent war and heroism into the sexual sphere. Fascists thus hold "both disdain for women and intolerance and condemnation of nonstandard sexual habits, from chastity to homosexuality.">13. "Selective populism" – the people, conceived monolithically, have a common will, distinct from and superior to the viewpoint of any individual. As no mass of people can ever be truly unanimous, the leader holds himself out as the interpreter of the popular will (though truly he alone dictates it). Fascists use this concept to delegitimize democratic institutions they accuse of "no longer represent[ing] the voice of the people".>14. "Newspeak" – fascism employs and promotes an impoverished vocabulary in order to limit critical reasoning.
Fake and gay.
>>526259056>"How to spot a Fascist!>Me: "I'm a fascist.">OMG I spot one!
>Syncretism>combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought
>>526259056OP is a faggot
Oh we’re doing this? Okay let’s show how you fags operate then. >RULE 1: “Power is not only what you have, but what the enemy thinks you have.” Power is derived from 2 main sources – money and people. “Have-Nots” must build power from flesh and blood. (These are two things of which there is a plentiful supply. Government and corporations always have a difficult time appealing to people, and usually do so almost exclusively with economic arguments.)>RULE 2: “Never go outside the expertise of your people.” It results in confusion, fear, and retreat. Feeling secure adds to the backbone of anyone. (Organizations under attack wonder why radicals don’t address the “real” issues. This is why. They avoid things with which they have no knowledge.)>RULE 3: “Whenever possible, go outside the expertise of the enemy.” Look for ways to increase insecurity, anxiety, and uncertainty. (This happens all the time. Watch how many organizations under attack are blind-sided by seemingly irrelevant arguments that they are then forced to address.)>RULE 4: “Make the enemy live up to its own book of rules.” If the rule is that every letter gets a reply, send 30,000 letters. You can kill them with this because no one can possibly obey all of their own rules. (This is a serious rule. The besieged entity’s very credibility and reputation is at stake, because if activists catch it lying or not living up to its commitments, they can continue to chip away at the damage.)
>RULE 5: “Ridicule is man’s most potent weapon.” There is no defense. It’s irrational. It’s infuriating. It also works as a key pressure point to force the enemy into concessions. (Pretty crude, rude and mean, huh? They want to create anger and fear.)>RULE 6: “A good tactic is one your people enjoy.” They’ll keep doing it without urging and come back to do more. They’re doing their thing, and will even suggest better ones. (Radical activists, in this sense, are no different than any other human being. We all avoid “un-fun” activities, and but we revel at and enjoy the ones that work and bring results.)>RULE 7: “A tactic that drags on too long becomes a drag.” Don’t become old news. (Even radical activists get bored. So to keep them excited and involved, organizers are constantly coming up with new tactics.)>RULE 8: “Keep the pressure on. Never let up.” Keep trying new things to keep the opposition off balance. As the opposition masters one approach, hit them from the flank with something new. (Attack, attack, attack from all sides, never giving the reeling organization a chance to rest, regroup, recover and re-strategize.)
The difference in eloquence between >>526259056>>526259140>>526259176and>>526259798is astonishing
>RULE 9: “The threat is usually more terrifying than the thing itself.” Imagination and ego can dream up many more consequences than any activist. (Perception is reality. Large organizations always prepare a worst-case scenario, something that may be furthest from the activists’ minds. The upshot is that the organization will expend enormous time and energy, creating in its own collective mind the direst of conclusions. The possibilities can easily poison the mind and result in demoralization.)>RULE 10: “If you push a negative hard enough, it will push through and become a positive.” Violence from the other side can win the public to your side because the public sympathizes with the underdog. (Unions used this tactic. Peaceful [albeit loud] demonstrations during the heyday of unions in the early to mid-20th Century incurred management’s wrath, often in the form of violence that eventually brought public sympathy to their side.)>RULE 11: “The price of a successful attack is a constructive alternative.” Never let the enemy score points because you’re caught without a solution to the problem. (Old saw: If you’re not part of the solution, you’re part of the problem. Activist organizations have an agenda, and their strategy is to hold a place at the table, to be given a forum to wield their power. So, they have to have a compromise solution.)>RULE 12: Pick the target, freeze it, personalize it, and polarize it.” Cut off the support network and isolate the target from sympathy. Go after people and not institutions; people hurt faster than institutions. (This is cruel but very effective. Direct, personalized criticism and ridicule works.)
>>526259932Yes, Alinsky was rather retarded.
>>526259335Exactly what fascism is, a bunch of nonsense merged together>>526259798It doesn't change the fact that fascism, nazism and their variations are the product of irrational lies and fantasies>>526259932See point 14 of fascist tropes
>>526259056this is moronic1. if tradition = fascism then 90% of humanity was fascist. Obviously stupid. Alsom the nazis weren't even trad. At no time of Germany's past was there any regime similar to nazism. They were atheists. They did not believe in aristrocracy. Etc.2. Nazism was a modernist project lol. Total state power guided by a veneer of science. 3. Everybody believes their opponents are irrational so this accusation is meaningless.4. As if liberalism didn't treat disagreement as treason... try being a monarchist or suggesting the blank slate is false and see what happens... at the least you'' be a social outcast and if you are in the EU you can go to jail for "hate speech"5. see above6. so if i'm a democratic party appealing to a middle class, im fascist? 7. liberal democracy blames all issues on the ever present but never visible "russian disinformation". are they fascists?8. this is not exclusive to fascism; it's an old rhetorical device used by many9. fine10. if ingroup preference is fascism then all of humanity prior to 1945 was fascist. Obvious nonsense.11. If having heroes is fascism, then all kinds of societies that are obviously not fascist would start counting as fascist. 12. same as above13. liberal democracy does the same with the "Experts"14. same as above
>>526259056this is all just leftist stuff, especially now that leftism has been around long enough to be seen as a tradition
>>526259056He defines fascism here, but I'm kind of missing the debunk.Love for tradition, reject modernism, rejection of difference, xenophobia.. is this supposed to debunk anything?
>>526259056All those apply to radical shitlibs. If those are your complaints welcome to hating on shitlibs.
>>526259056This is so low IQ it's not even worth responding to kekIt's not even psychoanalysis on the level of the Authoritarian Personality, he can't even decide whether this is a psychological or political critiqueAbsolute slop garbage, this would only convince an absolute retard with no ideological grounding
>>526260385>variations are the product of irrational lies and fantasiesYou mean national identity and culture? I suppose a marxist would say that.
>>526259056tl;dr it is time for you to have sex argie, pic rel
>>526260385and by the way, you are going to be begging for the return of Peronism once Milei's finished handing your country over to international finance and world jewry. and it will be too late. kek
>>5262604001. Nazis were obsessed ober a mythical past. They sought a rebirth of a fictional ancient spirit to replace the "decadent" present2. Using a "veneer of science" (like eugenics and racialism) to justify tribal myth-making is what separates fascism from simple traditional monarchism3. It's the active glorification of impulse and blood-feeling over analytical thought4, 5. Liberal democracies generally punish incitement to violence or but they do not institutionalize a cult of the leader/the party. You can be a monarchist in a democracy without being sent to a camp but you cannot be a democrat in a fascist state and expect to survive6. It’s about the rhetoric of the "squeeze" (between a corrupt elite and foreign threats) and the promise of a national savior to restore their status7. Liberalism uses it to defend existing institutions. Fascism uses the "ever-present enemy" to justify the suspension of all civil liberties and rights8. In other ideologies, conflict is a means to an end (peace, equality). In fascism, the struggle is the end itself, it,'s the entire purpose.10. There is an abyssmal different between "preferring your neighbors" and ultranationalism. Fascism establishes that the in-group’s survival depends on the subjugation or elimination of the out-group. Most pre-1945 societies were tribal or imperial, yes, but they rarely sought the total mobilization of the entire population around a singular racial identity and against a perceived enemy11, 12. Fascism is a cult of death13, 14. The "experts" in a democracy are theoretically subject to peer review, public debate, and changing data. A fascist regime fears questioning and wants to force a made up truth
>>526263142>A fascist regime fears questioning and wants to force a made up truthdid you forget COVID already? trans? crime statistics? the denial of genetics? open censorship to combat "disinformation"?
>>526262237Those are subjective. Cultures and societies evolve and change over time>>526262810Peronism is cardboard fascism, it has failed so many times
>>526263348>COVIDIt was real>trans???>crime statisticsProduct of socioeconomic inequality>denial of geneticsOutdated stuff>open censorship to combat disinformationDisinformation as in literal nazi propaganda
>>526259056>Eco also cites Pat Robertson's book The New World Order as a prominent example of a plot obsession.Pat Robertson was fundamentally correct in his assessments so if this is somehow supposed to be criticism it is extremely poor. These points are an incredible level of liberal intellectual masturbation for the sake of it, despite it being wrong. I cannot imagine how much of an insufferable cunt Eco was to hang out with. >>526263142>they do not institutionalize a cult of the leader/the party.No, liberal democracy institutionalizes a cult of system worship where any legitimate criticism is simply written off as heresy which is why the word "fascist" gets thrown around. Liberal democracy has set up the most advanced surveillance state in the history of the world and is actively using it on its populace to suppress righteous outrage over blatant population replacement. If you unironically believe anything you posted after reality showing you otherwise you are an idiot.
>>526263835stop pretending like you don't understand what i mean. During COVID, every week there was a retroactive censorship of the events of the week prior, and all questioning of the official Science (tm) narrative was attacked and censored, even when the official story was false in the end (lab leak, vax effectiveness, mask effectiveness).Transexuality is obviously and self evidently a mental illness but the Experts that control academia, media and education push it and censor all dissent. >crime = socioeconomic factorsif you want to deny Darwin's theory of evolution, I can't do anything to stop you, but you're willfully ignorant. In the past poverty was worse and yet you didn't see the levels of savagery seen today.>outdated stuffok you're just trolling. matate grabalo y subilo DOWN
Desperate attempt to deactivate fence sitters and moderates.
>>526259056There aren't any real fascists anymore. Most of the extreme right are Hitlerians who don't even understand the political theory of fascism. And 99.95 percent of the people who are accused of fascism are just conservatives supporting beliefs that were mainstream 20 years ago. IOW, Eco was a lefty Dego faggot.
>>526259056>>526264291>>526262037>>526262033>>526261849I don't see the debunk part here. He just described how they behave. Yes they are faggots and annoying but it's that way for a reason - the jooish money printer. You've got to be a faggot to stop other faggots from doing faggot shit. There's no other way but we're not the same. It's not about -isms anymore. It's about who prints money and how much. If you want to stop the infinite money printing, you've got to do something about libshits or else money will keep being printed (((freely))). You're opinion doesn't fucking matter. You're votes doesn't fuckin' matter. You vote with you money. Money is your only vote you have. It doesn't matter if you hate or like whatever. It doesn't matter how many times you express your opinion. If you buy nike and coca cola you are on team jew. You are on team capitalism. You are Fascism if you don't vote with your money. However btw, if you want to join geopolitics and elite conspiracies chat and come here at :https://smp17.simplex.im/g#lzALEMkYHHloE3BusU9TrqIsv4XIQa_6fzIrnT7gz1QIt's a bit inactive yet but I regret not making a contingency chat while 8cham was active. Possibly 4chan might go down again in 2026.
>>526264630Eco himself is very nuanced and more like a concern trolling the nu/left at the time. It was the leftists who were into JQ back then mostly. How does he not believe in jooish & Vatican conspiracy theories if he knows that much about esoteric western history?? Go actually read one of his essays... I believe he was secretly a dedicated conspiratard in private.
>>526259056>nice theory umberto>now face the wall
>>526259056>>526259140>>526259176>umberto eco HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHHAHAHis work has been refuted repeatedly. Eco’s “definition” is simply a weapon to label anyone to the right of Trotsky a “fascist”. The simplest way to show this is… how many of the 14 points do you need to tick to be a fascist? Eco himself purposely doesn’t address this because he wants to subjectively apply his own work so he can call anyone he doesn’t like “fascist”.
>>526259056Your culture is le bad
>>526265019Nazbol is a thing too you know
>>526259056Damn.. North Korea is fascist.
>>526259056European Union:3., 4., 5., 7., 8., 9., 11., 14.
>>526263835>>526263142Was Lysenko a fascist?
>>526259056>1. Cult of tradition When all truth has already been revealed by tradition, no new learning can occur, only further interpretation and refinement.This would describe reactionary presupposationalism such a Talmudist fundamentalists (OP is low key anti-semetic) or EO radtrads, rather than fascists. It could also include communist anti-revisionists such as Hoxa.>2. "The rejection of modernism,"This rules out fascist Italy. See the Futurists. In fact it just excludes most of the urban right in general.>3. "action for action's sake," which dictates that action is of value in itselfThat’s extremely vague. This could include climate activists who want to take climate action now rather than first reach societal agreement.>4. "Disagreement is treason" – fascism devalues intellectual discourseThis is exemplified in modern leftism which reach shows have much smaller tolerance of political difference. It’s the right that has a broader set of views.Do you see how all these are vague enough that Eco can just selectively apply them. For reference that only took me 10 minutes, that’s how shit the best the left has to offer is.
