I see people ridiculing the "Out of Africa" theory of human evolution, and suggesting there's an alternative but it's not taught in school because it's politically incorrect. But what's the alternative? Even if neanderthals evolved further and then into modern humans in Europe or Asia/Middle East or whatever (not an expert in this field), didn't they still come from previous ape-people ... out of Africa? Flat Earther christcucks can stay out of the thread.
>>533955549White people descended from the northern land known as Hyperborea and settled into Europe before colonizing the rest of the world
>>533955549
>>533955549We were all created by God but we're not equal.
>>533955549Out of Africa remains dominant as it best aligns with genetic evidence.The non-meme alternative that actually has some evidence is called the multiregional hypothesis. Tl;dr is groups of humans evolved independently from prior homo populations across the world.
>>533955549I think humanity is a good deal older than what we currently understand. Out of Africa, sure, but what left Africa? Probably not 'people'. Maybe moved north and became 'people' there.
>>533955549Out of Africa is jewish lies, humans evolved in europe or something You are jewish if you disagree
>>533955549Evolution literally didn't happen. Every empiric experiment shows how limited the malleability of life (which causes adaptation) is. You change 2 lettlers in a code and it's over, regardless. It can't be repaired, nothing new ever appears, life can only use what is already there. Activate or dezactivate what it has. There's no evolution.
>>533955549>asians are from south america>europeans and jeets are from australia>niggers never left africathe end... also north sentinel island is when a roman ship washed away and dumped the nigger slave cargo that was enroute to india
>>533955786>groups of humans evolved independently from prior homo populations across the worldand that's obviously what happenedniggers have a huge chunk of erectus (a very primitive ape, like niggers) DNA, ffsif out of apefrica was true, everyone would as wellyet only niggers have thateven fucking abos, who are basically just ergasters or antecessors, don't have fucking erectus DNA!!!
>>533956286
>>533956087>You change 2 lettlers in a code and it's over,Human mutation rate is ~30-50 base pairs per generation. You probably have about 30ish "letters" in your genetic "code" that you didn't inherit from either of your parents.
>>533956305
>>533956323
>>533956345
>>533955549Higher dimensional entities came and colonized earth life forms with their own souls and genetic code from aliens worlds to uplift the native population to a suitable level for their own further development as conscious entities.
I don't need an alternative to a lie
>533955549>we evolved from monkeys>there are still monkeys
>>533956286>>533956305If you had read the actual study, you'd know that:1. That "ghost dna" isn't necessarily erectus. 2. That 19% number was the most ever found, most are much lower3. It was only west African populations shown to have this in any meaningful amounts4. The admixture probably happened after the diaspora anywayRobert Sepehr is a clown.
>>533956417and the out of theory also says niggers left africa, but never discovered madasgascar until after "going" to australia
>>533956162And abbos? What are aborigines?
>>533955549>But what's the alternative?Out of Bulgaria
>>533956492Out of Africa doesn't say we come from niggers. The niggers of today have about as much to do with the first human populations as anyone else. They've been diverging just as long as everyone else.
>>533956363
>>533956501your ancestor that didnt want to leave if youre a jeet or european
>>533955549heres an observation>niggers>gorillas>Indonesian>spider monkey>jews>proboscis monkey>japs jap hot spring monkey>European>interatellar space travellers
>>533956400Actually, humans and modern monkeys evolved from a common ancestor.
>>533956417>That "ghost dna" isn't necessarily erectusoh yeah: might even be more primitive>most are much loweryeah, right>It was only west African populationsie bantusand most niggers are bantuspilpul moar, lol>The admixture probably happened after the diaspora anywaythe official timeline is laughable, and doesn't make any senseyou're a complete fuckwit if you think you're gonna make us swallow your beloved niggermonkeys were more evolved, oncefucking hell
>>533956087The ultraviolet radiation from the Sun changes your genetic makeup everyday.Whether that is evidence of an intelligent design, I’ll leave up to interpretation. Trace the source of everything and you’ll find an alarm clock.
>>533955549Yakub
>>533956603I'm just telling you to actually read the study and stop swallowing e-celeb cock.Protip: fucking Mormons and Han Chinese have some of this DNA too.
>>533955786Into Africa
>>533956875mormons love black cockand if dirty chinks would eat anything, they certainly would fuck anythingalso, dirty chinks lie about DNA even more than about the restsee the laughable pilpul about them supposedly having Neanderthal DNA (they have 0, and niggers too: what dirty chinks have is denisovan DNA instead)you're the one believing obvious bullshit, lol
>>533957024Just read the study, retard.
>>533957273just stop believing obvious crap just because it's "peer reviewed", nigger
>>533955549There is older species of Homo sapiens out of Europe by millions of years.
>>533957317So you believe the study when it feeds you the 19% number but don't care to check what the study actually says?
>>533957567There's a site in Mexico with 2 million year old human footprints in volcanic ash. I sometimes wonder if our orgins are actually in the Americas and we are just bigfoots that lost our hair.
>>533955549Earliest human fossils are from the balkan area, graecopithecus freybergi. Those guys travelled to Africa, then travelled away from Africa some millennia later.That's all.
>>533957657Shut up jew
>>533957657I believe my eyes when they've seen niggermonkeys do niggermonkey shitsame as I believe my eyes when they show me that you jews aren't Humans at all, but something else
>>533957897Those were non human apes.
>>533958099So why would you bother citing this study if its claims are irrelevant?Furthermore, see >>533956558
wheres the evidence? they found only a toenail in africa and thats the proof? where is said toenail? (they dont have it).
>>533958216The evidence is mainly all the primitive homo specimens found in Africa as well as observable genetic signals we see in people alive today.
>>533955549In real life white people never turn black and black people never turn white. To claim that we were all niggers and then magically turned white is completely retarded, when you can detect one drop of nigger blood in any person by sight alone.
>>533956315Yeah, but that's just ordinary background variation. Neutral/silent/degrative/polymorphic, etc. Random single nucleotide substitutions, occur independently. When I said two letters, I was speaking about coordinated functional mutations that depend on each other which you need for "evolution". Epistatic combinations. Complex biological innovations DO NOT EXIST, EVER. In any empiric experiment we have ever done. Evolution does not exist. You're just saying : mutations occur frequently and continuously at the single nucleotide level.To that I say sure.
>>533958492Ecoli mutated to metabolize citrate. Lizards mutated entirely new organ structures.Both of these were experimentally observed.You don't know what you're talking about.
>>533958390where are the homo specimens? what museum?genetics is jewish nigger propaganda.
>>533958953It's not that hard to find this stuff yourself.Here's a starting point:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HomoClick any of the listed axamples of the Homo genus and you'll get a page that talks about the specimens discovered.For example, I just clicked "h. Rudolphensis" and scrolled down to "research history" to find the name of the near-complete skull they found. Upon googling "KNM-ER 1470," I learned it is currently on exhibit in the Smithsonian.
Out out Africa theory relies on two bone fragments that were nearly 50 miles away. Made truth by a jewess "scientist.". The proof is hardly there. The direct connection exists with "imaginary and delusional" type of science that plagues us to this day. Science be damned.
>>533959268No, retard. It relies on mountains of bones and the genetics of people living today.
>>533958216based peruvian
>>533959313There's a clear break, and abnormal genetic differences that don't match up to timelines. Iight share 98.8% DNA with a spider. Doesn't mean I was a spider a thousands of generations ago.I could piss on your leg and tell you it was raining.
>>533955662>Africans came from Russia Is there more on this?
>>533955958>Africans came from Europe Another anon said Asia (Russia)
>>533959453>There's a clear break, and abnormal genetic differences that don't match up to timelines.Elaborate on this.The main piece of genetic evidence doesn't even rely on any specific genes. It's the level of genetic diversity within a population. Older populations are more genetically diverse than younger populations (see: foundrr effect). By tracking the heterozygocity of various populations, we can tell which ones are older.Guess where we find the oldest populations.
>>533956286> Africans came from Europe Second guy saying this, but I want to see some evidence, if it's possible
>>533956417Thank you for this REDPILLI was getting confused where Euro-Africans came from.
>>533955549go back to auschwitz kike
>>533956527Do you have more information on this?
>>533955609Close. The previous “land” was Mars
>>533956603>might even be more primitiveWTF does that mean?>puppies are more primitive than kittiesLOLOLOLOLOL
>>533955549If there were modern humans on the Eurasian continent from >300 000 years ago they would have to be from Scandinavia or Northern Russia because the ice sheets would have destroyed all evidence. Problem is you would have to explain how they got themselves to Africa without leaving evidence of their existence on the way there.
>>533957567>Africans came from Europe Do you know where to look for the data?
>>533957765>all humans came from MexicoHave they found more human footprints that show how humanity evolves?
>>533957897>Africans came from the BalkansSounds familiar. Did they ever found settlements (not that much can be preserved), or just the bones?
>>533958545Ecoli didn't evolve shit. Modifying existing regulatory and transport capacity and reusing pre-existing biochemical parts is exactly the limited malleability life has so it can adapt. REPURPOSING PRE-EXISTING TALENT CAPACITY. Adaptation within constraints, not open ended innovation, that's the whole fucking point. Same with the lizard. Let's not talk past each other. Limited adaptation exists, that how you get polar bears. Evolution does not exist.
>>533958545I saw a vid on the first case. Is there a YouTube vid for the second one (new organ)????
>>533956628so you're saying we should praise the sun?
>>533956087Brother, just go outside and look at those fucking abominations humans have created. I mean those weird as fuck dogs that many women love. Like those dogs that can barely breath or those rat dogs that are smaller than cats.Imagine what nature can do in the span of millions of years. Evolution is a fact. That doesnt' mean life was not created by a higher being. But evolution is a fact
Why is It so hard for chuds to Accept we all came from africa
>>533959882>all Africans came from Scandinavia Sounds interesting. Is there more on this?
>>533960102You have a good intuition. But that's not evolution, what you're observing is adaptation. Adaptation realized by degradation in this case. You can look at my other comments itt to see my argument.
>>533960168Probably not because it's an unverifiable theory
>>533959779Nope. Threads about how modern humans originated from somewhere in the area between Greece and Ukraine show up in the catalog sometimes but I haven't really paid much attention to them. At the very least those threads aren't completely made-up since there are confirmed ancient sites in the area but that's all I remember
Modern Man is 400,000 years old and we just flew around the Moon. There are probably millions of modern species that millions of years old. Why haven't they gone to the moon? How come Chimpanzees haven't made iron tools? How come Alligators aren't owners of nation football team? Something intervened retards.
Posting this link for others interested, since it was posted for me when I was interested.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33341120/TL;DR, Homo Erectus left africa, but homo Sapiens (us) evolved in Eurasia, and genetic introgression in neanderthal DNA 500kya shows that we were present in Eurasia at the time, and there was interbreeding at that point in time. Crucially, this event happened prior to the basal split and the existence of African clades, and utterly shits on all 40kya migration theories regardless. Africans split off from eurasian hominids and re-entered africa relatively late into the game. This is the Mbuti and Yoruba and San. So yes you could trace us back to africa in a broad sense but that's only if you go beyond our actual species. If you don't keep it limited to discussing the origin of Homo Sapiens, you might as well start talking about pangaea and lizards.
>>533960072>it doesn't count because... it just doesn't, Okay!>>533960075Idk about a youtube video but here's an article about it.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080417112433.htm
>>533959882Evidence not found =/= evidence not existing. Especially considering how geologically active the Eurasian continent has been, with its glaciation events. Significantly, evidence does exist within the genetic profile of Neanderthal remains of Hss introgression. This is significant as no Hsnn remains have ever been found out of eurasia ( and even if it were, it wouldn't matter as the dating of the present discoveries within eurasia debunks OoA anyway)
>>533961257>present discoveries within eurasia debunks OoA anyway)Like what? If you cite greacopithicus I WILL make fun of you.
>>533955549The first and oldest humans appeared in the Middle East.
>>533955786>as it best aligns with genetic evidenceThat's bullshit. a) Africans are different from Europeans, but that doesn't mean they are older. It just means Africans and Europeans diverged a lot.b) Most of the divergence in DNA is from Africans interbreeding with African hominids, not because they're more ancient.
>>533961377>Like what?I was referring to Neanderthals>ConclusionsThe reversal of the direction of evolution in the tree ofHomo sapiens sapiens is consistent with the molecularidentification of the sister group relationship between H.sapiens and H. antecessor and a Eurasian separation intoH. antecessor and H. sapiens (Hss + Hsn) ≈ 850.000 YBP[66, 73] within a diversifying population of H. erectus.The hitherto earliest recorded phase of hominin pres-ence in Eurasia, that at Shangchen, China, has beendated to ≈ 2.1 MYBP [68]. The finds constitute atemporal extension of the palaeontological findings ofH. erectus in Dmanisi, Georgia, ≥ 1.8 MYBP [87, 88]and Yuanmou, China, 1.7 MYBP [36] and a series ofyounger finds that underline the Eurasian existence ofH. erectus preceding the divergence between H. ante-cessor and H. sapiens.We postulate that following the separation betweenH. sapiens and H. antecessor ≈ 850.000, Hs divergedfurther into Hss and Hsn ≈ 800.000 YBP. TheEurasian continuity of these two lineages is under-lined by the molecular diversity of Hsnn and Hsndand the mtDNA introgression that took place fromHss into Hsnn* ≈ 500,000 YBP. In comparison the Hssbranch remains undivided until the basal divergenceamong the ancestors of extant Hss as represented inFig. 1 by Lund and the African populations of Mbuti/San, therewith bringing to an end the evolutionaryjourney that began by Homo erectus leaving Africa ≥2million years earlier.>AppendixOOAH has been assumed as a phylogenetic fact forsome 30 years in the molecular discussion of Hs (Hss +Hsn(Hsnn + Hsnd)) evolution in spite of the absence ofpalaeontological support for the hypothesis. A concern-ing circumstance related to the hypothesis is that the ini-tial mtDNA studies [1, 2] reported phylogenies that wereinconsistent with a large series of better trees [3–5], acondition that compromised the phylogenetic conclu-sions of both studies.
>>533961483See >>533959569It's not about the difference between them, but diversity within their population clusters.
>>533961517Neanderthals are not human ancestors you goofball.
>>533961569Read, nigger. That's not what I said.
>>533961621May I see what study you're quoting?
>>533961728I linked it here >>533961070https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33341120/
>>533955549Out of Africa only exists as a surrogate foundational myth that has to justify mongrelization and parasitism as an obligation to the symbolic "mother race"Even if you win the pointless academic battle to install your substitute mythology, if you don't change the IMPLICIT OBJECTIVE of your origin myth to a full blown justification for voluntary Human Speciation and Racial Apartheid, all of the work to dismantle the previous myth is pointless.You won't gain any advantage from becoming a symbolic "mother race".
>>533961882Yeah, I saw and did checked out the full text. The biggest problem I can see is it presumes Antecesdor as the nearest common ancestor between sapiens and Neanderthals. This is highly contested.General concensus is it was Heidelbergensis which has fossils present in both Africa and Eurasia. Why this matters is that we don't actually expect to find Neanderthals in Africa at all. The standard OOA theory is that Heidelbergensis left Africa and those became Neanderthals while the ones that stayed in Africa became Sapiens. So your study doesn't actually address the most common timeline posited by OOA.
>>533962596>The biggest problem I can see is it presumes Antecesdor as the nearest common ancestor between sapiens and Neanderthals. This is highly contested.What does that even fucking matter? We have proof of genetic introgression IN eurasia 500kya. That alone turfs OoA.
>>533962689That's not the smoking gun that you think it is.There were inflows and outflows to/from Africa throughout the intermediary period between OOA1 (when early homos left Africa) and OOA2 (when Homo Sapiens left Africa). Combined with heterozygocity data we see today, which cannot be explained by an OOE model, the most straightforward explanation is that the introgression occurred within the common ancestor.
>>533963036idk what to tell you, study clearly shows it was Hss>Hsnn introgression and not within Antecessor. Esp. since SH-Hsnn demonstrates no such introgression, as as the introgression happened more recently than hsnn divergence it can't have been a common ancestor. >Fig. 1 The nuDNA relationship of Hs, Homo sapiens, and Ha, Homo antecessor, with Eurasian lineages in blue and African in red. Hss (H. s. sapiens);Hsn (H. s. neanderthalensis); Hsnn (H. s. n. neanderthalensis, Neanderthals proper); Hsnd (H. s. n. denisova, Denisovans). The divergence between Hsand Ha has been dated to ≈ 850,000 YBP [73] and that between Hss and Hsn to ≈ 800,000 YBP. The arrowheads mark the mtDNA introgressionthat took place from Hss into Hsnn* ≈ 500,000 YBP, i.e. more recently than the Hsnn divergence into Hsnn* and SH-Hsnn. The basal divergenceamong recent Hss, as represented by the Eurasian Lund and the African Mbuti/San is placed in Eurasia at ≈ 250,000 YBP
>>533955549I ridicule human evolution theory. It is a theory based on nothing that spran up from a desire to have a counter point to creationism.
>>533960072Beautiful.
>>533963389Butthurt is a prolific motivation tool for progress but it is completely misguided if it implicitly accepts the premises and future objectives of para-religious myth
>>533963370>not within Antecessor.Who was probably not the common ancestor. That's the point.
>>533963508The point is it can't have been within any common ancestor because the introgression doesn't exist in HS-Hsnn
It's a total fabrication.>Africans have 20% ghost hominid DNA>I don't have 20% ghost hominid DNA, You don't have 20% ghost hominid DNA, hell we don't have 0.001% ghost hominid DNA>Therefore we did not evolve from niggers
>>533963598Ghost hominid theory will be integrated into the para-religious myth of the OOA by saying you descend from a racist splintered tribe which refused to intermingle
>>533963579The common ancestor was breeding with both.
>>533963792So your assertion is this magical invisible common ancestor was breeding with Hsnn, HS-hsnn and hss, and after breeding with hss (in africa, presumably) they bred with hsnn, and introduced hss genes into hsnn, but the ones breeding with hs-hsnn never bred with hss and thus introduced no genes? This is as bad as the jewess cherry picking the one genetic strain that was damaged enough not to indicate eurasian origin and claiming we're all african and whitey only emerged 40,000 years ago, lmfaoYour generational reign over academia is on its death bed old man.
>>533963940Heidelbergensis, the most likely candidate for a common ancestor, had populations in both Europe and in Africa.Heidelbergensis fucked a Neanderthal and some of the resulting lineage mugrated to Africa where they interbred with other Heidelbergensis. That introgression became part of the genetic diversity of Sapiens.Far fetched? Maybe. Maybe the real answer is something else entirely. But the point remins that I can pulk a model out of my ass that fits both the heterozygocity data showing an African origin of h. Sapiens and this introgression while you cannot do anything to account for the heterozygocity data to fit a European origin.
>>533956087All the things a species can be are within that's species already.Black people do not become like whites, it just will not happen and same in reverse.Move a tribe of blacks to Europe and only allow them to breed with blacks, they will not become white due to some false evolutionary beliefs.
>>533955786Latest find goes back 7.2 million years found in the balkins which outdates pldest remains found in africa so likely we went into northern africa and then back out, but originated from europehttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170523083548.htm
>>533964151You're misreading it, the introgression is not in the hss population it's in hsnn. It's hss genetics flowing into one regional population of hsnn in eurasia (not iberia)
>>533964294Fair. Then just reverse the pathway. It's the same exact argument.>>533964275Graecopithecus was a non-human ape and not relevant to the discussion.
>>533964417Lol, lmao even. Your tarded
>>533964417low heterozygocity data could be easily explained by bottle necks, I don't know why you're acting like it's some insurmountable thing. It's evident that eurasia, being the centre of hominid development, would have fierce competition, whereas africa, which seems to lack any competing hominids could easily have been a sort of genetic eden.
>>533964494Even if Graecopithecus was a direct human ancestor and migrated to Africa from Europe, that would not refute any claim OOA is actually making. It's just not relevant.
>>533955549>But what's the alternative?Pretty much what's becoming undeniable in anthropology at this point. That we came out of Africa hundreds of thousands of years earlier than they claimed and that there has been a lot more evolution after we left Africa than the scientific community is comfortable discussing.
>>533964555>low heterozygocity data could be easily explained by bottle necks, I don't know why you're acting like it's some insurmountable thing.The most probable bottlenecks being the founder effect. Even in a mass dieoff you wouldn't get remotely the same drop in diversity. >africa, which seems to lack any competing hominidsThat's just straight up not true.
>>533964704>The most probable bottlenecks being the founder effect.This is bullshit and you know it. Predation, demographic replacement, habitat disruption (which was frequent) could all do the exact same thing. At the very least you have to admit that the founder effect is only "probable" and not the sole explanation. Meanwhile you have to explain the introgression events in ways that are less improbably than some hereto unfound common ancestor running around playing genetic courier. >That's just straight up not true.I'm unaware of Denisovans existing in africa, what groups are you referring to?
>>533955549>Flat earther christcucks stay outI guess you don't want the truth then...
>>533964872Unless the dieoff was in some way targeted (either genetic fitness related or directed genocide) then there's no reason to expect the same sort of loss of genetic diversity that you see with the founder effect. The groups that leave the main group are generally going to be more similar to each other than the group they're leaving. But an indiscriminate dieoff must be near extinction level to wipe out entire lineages like that.>hereto unfound common ancestorHeidelbergensis, who is known to have populations in both regions.>what groups are you referring to?Well, Heidelbergensis. Oh, and what's with this 19% ghost DNA I keep hearing so much about?Cheekiness aside, the majority of non-sapien homo specimens are found in Africa. Granted, most of these predate Sapiens.
>>533965244Y chrome bottle neck demonstrates just as easily how dramatic genetic informational loss can occur. Your stance that only the founder effect can do this is baseless. >Heidelbergensis, who is known to have populations in both regions.Yet it doesn't display this genetic trace. >Ghost DNAFair point, I didn't consider that. Still given that the genetic information exists within africans in significant degree and africans are, well, african and not ghosts, we can assume that the competition wasn't that intense. >Cheekiness aside, the majority of non-sapien homo specimens are found in Africa. Granted, most of these predate Sapiens.Yeah, I can agree that Erectus left africa 2mil y/a. I say that in my initial post. I'm just saying that Sapiens evolved in Eurasia far earlier than mainstream cuck science wants to believe, and that the hominids currently living in africa split from a Eurasian origin.
>>533955549For starters that picture is retarded. Neanderthals had much bigger heads than modern humans and the height difference was not so large, more likely within normal human variation.That pic is made back in the 19th century when people darwinism was the newest shit and people had to justify it somehow
>>533965592>Y chrome bottle neck demonstrates just as easily how dramatic genetic informational loss can occurSure. I'll add "sex-related" as well. Though I'd lump that in with genetic fitness. This heterozygocity is seen across the genome.>it doesn't display this genetic trace.Well obviously it would be a minority who even have this introgression. It just didn't get fixed in the population.>given that the genetic information exists within africans in significant degree and africans are, well, african and not ghosts, we can assume that the competition wasn't that intense.We see Neanderthal and Denisovan admixture in Eurasians. I could make the same argument.I'll just leave you with this: I'm not actually that married to OOA. The thing that bothers me is the dumbass logic people have for rejecting it. I pop into these threads and repeatedly see the same handful of dumb arguments.>Graecopithecus >"ghost DNA">something about niggersI will say that you're the first person I've seen in these threads to actually offer something compelling. So I'll give credit where it's due and look into this more in the future.
I'm more concerned about the Peruvian tridactyl mummies. Were they human?
>>533966114>This heterozygocity is seen across the genome.Yeah, just saying that there are any number of things that could do it. Fundamentally the founder effect cannot be the strongest explanation, because you can just fuckin' die. That's less genetic diversity right there than any limited split. Not to mention the effect of a confluence. If you wanna sound smart you could call it a "battle royal" effect, I think it's far more likely for a basal split pre-trauma to carry off far more genetic diversity than the remaining population that would then be locked into hundreds of thousands of years of genetic conflict. >It just didn't get fixed in the population.It did though that's the point of the paper. The introgression is fixed into the eurasian neanderthal population. A Heidelbergensis introgression isn't. >We see Neanderthal and Denisovan admixture in Eurasians. I could make the same argument.This is fair.
>>533955549Humans are either too stupid and gullible to believe (well they do believe in jesus and allah too) that "evolution" created a hairless ape while rest of his compatriots magically stayed the same. Use your brain.
>>533955549>what's the alternative?The Bantu were dumped in Africa by the "sea peoples" before they moved on to shit up new places.The connection is the Bantu. It's "Into Africa."
>>533955549>doesn't know what evolution is>doesn't know that monkeys could've evolve into humanoid forms in several places in the world at the same time>doesn't know humanoids in europe probably date from 1 million years agocope harder, retard.
