>when you drop a terrible half-liquid after coffe shit at 3:30 pm
man it feels so good
like I'm 5 kg lighter
anyways why do you guys think there was so much bullshit disinfo and so little actual legit coverage of that interstellar comet despite so many wierd properties and coincidences?

How do we know Venus is a hellscape and that we haven't been lied to about what the lander detected beneath the clouds? Like what can we tell from Earth besides that the upper cloud layer is made of CO2?

>>16857238
They knew how hot Venus was long before we landed there due to infrared telescopes. Those wavelengths pass through the cloud layer. Then spectroscopic analysis of the light hitting the clouds tells you their chemical composition - at least their main components. Add those two together and you roughly know the state of the planet surface and that is what the first landers were built to survive (and confirm, which they did).

>>16856845
The behavior of primes in the neighborhood of infinity is critical for understanding all other mathematics.
Every p can be arbitrarily approximated using a ratio on p.
If P > p_1/p_2 p_1++ else p_2++

"The above discussion on why markets should be efficient suggests the presence of investors who would trade if they see a price that is inconsistent with their information, and would continue to trade until the price reflects the information they have available. On a simpler scale, consider two financial assets (say, stocks X and Y) that are equally risky but generate different returns. Obviously, one of the two assets is mispriced. If asset X generates the higher return and has a lower price, while asset Y generates the lower return and has a higher price, then to take advantage of the mispricing, arbitrageurs would buy asset X while at the same time short-selling Y. With the activities of like-minded arbitrageurs, the prices will converge and make them reflect the fundamental value associated with each asset."

Can someone explain this? Im a beginner learning econ, but I do know some stats. Why does two assets having the same risk but different returns necessarily mean mispricing? And how is it that I have zero risk arbitrage in this situation? Like, I just want to see the explanation in terms of expectations and variances, or whatever is appropriate here, to see how the math works out.

>>16858441
This seems obvious even though I've never taken an econ class.
If I my risk of loss is 33% but return on success is 50%, my EV is 0*1/3+1.5*2/3=1. If I have the same risk but a return of 67%, then my EV is 1.12, which is greater. Adjust numbers as needed.

>>16858441
There are many examples of this kind of arbitrage but generally, higher risk pricing should be more sensitive to changes in conditions. By having lower risk at the same price, the position is neutral and can't get worse.

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rhetorical Q:
Does the image have anything to do with a square in a regular pentagon?

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check out this mineralogy manga
https://mangadex.org/title/53c277e3-8aa3-4fc6-8d0a-cb02d30b606d/ruri-no-houseki

>>16858838
Cute

>>16858574
You're just showing that the expectation is higher for the asset with the higher return right? But how do we show that going long on the higher-return asset and going short on the lower-return asset not only yields a positive expected return but also has zero/near zero risk (since thats what arbitrage is)?

>>16858576
But this situation is describing one where both assets have equal risk right?

How do I derive the transformation law for the coordinates of [math]{T^\mu}_\nu\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x^\mu}\right)_p\otimes(dx^\nu)_p[/math]?

What is the smallest possible area of a triangle which can completely enclose seven nonoverlapping unit circles inside?

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>>16859785

>>16859741
[math] {T^\mu}_\nu\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x^\mu}\right)_p\otimes(dx^\nu)_p [/math]

>>16860054
Less than 32 is possible

>>16860380
rhetorical remark:
If A < 32, then the triangle isn't equilateral.

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>>16856845
Angela Collier, in her QCD video, said that the electromagnetic forces pushing magnets of the same charge apart are the same forces that stop you from pushing your hands together. I thought it was just the skin and bones that stop you. How does that work? She also said that when you push magnets of the same charge together, one emits photons to the other and it is this force of photons that are preventing the magnets from being pushed together. How does the opposite work when they are opposite charge?

>>16860568
> are the same forces that stop you from pushing your hands together
She's wrong about that. What stops solid objects passing through each other is the Pauli Exclusion Principle. However what makes matter solid (or any other state) is due to electromagnetism.

> How does the opposite work when they are opposite charge?
Simply put, photons have momentum so they can carry "force" in any direction.

>>16860615
Thanks very much! How do the photons from the magnet apply a force when they have no frequency? I understand that magnetism is static so no waves like other EM fields. My understanding is for photons to have mass they have to have a frequency and for the magnets to push each other apart they need mass. What does magnetism being static mean for wave particle duality of the photons from the magnet? Can you recommend a good online resource that can explain electromagnetism without excessive math?

The more you learn, does it increase or decrease your belief in any kind of god or "god"?

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>>16861183
Pic related.

>>16861088
Maybe trying going to school first because your understanding is playschool level.

>>16861229
>comes into a thread about simple questions
>is unwilling to answer simple questions
He probably doesn't know.

>>16861088
> when they have no frequency
not true.
> I understand that magnetism is static so no waves like other EM fields.
not true.
> to push each other apart they need mass.
not true.
> What does magnetism being static mean for wave particle duality
meaningless gibberish.
> Can you recommend a good online resource that can explain electromagnetism without excessive math?
Try google, or a basic physics education.

What exactly sparks life, if I got all the ingredients a human is composed of and put it in a pot, it'd just be a pool of bullshit

>>16861286
It's not just what it's made of, it's how the atoms are arranged.

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>Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost
i have no questions. i just wanted to say that i've never heard any cooler name for something scientific

>>16856845
What's known about the interactions between titanium and fluoride? Could they form a wormhole? I had a dream where somebody said they could.

>Also, when do we get jetpacks?

>>16861441
>What's known about the interactions between titanium and fluoride? Could they form a wormhole?
no, just a generic white powder
and a slightly less generic purple one

are open source libraries like fenics or jax-fem a meme or should I pay for a FEA tool? Ansys looked good but it doesn't work on linux and freecad doesn't do multi materials.

>>16860568
>>16861266
>>16861088
I did a little bit of reading and I believe my confusion stems from the fact that the "photons" associated with magnetism aren't real photons but "virtual" photons. You don't get actual EM radiation pushing the magnets apart but they use photons to explain the mechanism I guess? I suppose Sabine is right again and they're throwing in particles just to explain things. I'm going to do more reading.

>>16861870
Yes, virtual photons are just the pop-sci explanation for the "math". They are not physical particles.

>>16859741
>>16860061
Start with the transformed object whose transformed terms are unknowns, plug in the (pre) transformation rules of the partial derivative and the differential, expand everything, and collect the terms to determine the unknowns. Like guaranteed you can find someone online to do it cause it's simple af

How do I know if have enough brain power to handle studying computational biology? My undergrad is in molecular biology and I currently work as a data analyst.

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If a ginger person and a blond person have a child, the child will be either ginger or blond (ir maybe even brunet) depending on the genetic makeup of the parents (basically Mendel's whole pea thing)
For the sake of this question let's say the child's genes "picks a hair color" from these 2 options, this same things also happens for eye color
If a person with very dark skin has a child with a person that has very light pale skin, they will create a child with an in-between skin color, what exactly makes one trait "choose one option" and the other "mix these options together"?

>>16862565
There isn't one specific gene for skin colour.
Hair colour is also not controlled by a single gene (and neither is eye colour, for that matter), but there are a lot more influencing skin colour. You still end up with everything being roughly "in between", it's just that you have many, many more axes you're looking at

I want to learn enough mechanics to simulate a weapon going through multiple layers of material, plate armor -> leather -> cloth etc with stress strain fracture and deformation. Can be 1 dimensional just want something plausible. Currently modeling a series of springs but confused about what happens when it goes non-elastic. Think dwarf fortress combat
Any books tutorials?

>>16861203
See that outlier

>>16862547
If you have to ask, you don't.

>>16863126
I'm in optics, but why?
The physics behind this are really complicated and hard, but the experiments are really easy and cheap. I can't think of any reason to not simply measure and extrapolate as needed.

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>>16856845
Can i sue my local hardware store if i dont get the full mass energy conversion out of this?

>>16863216
Like a statistical model? I don’t have armor and swords etc nor time, the principles are well understood what’s the problem?

Is /sci/ p*rn-laced science, or science-laced p*rn?

>>16863388
>the principles are well understood what’s the problem?
Lil zoomie why do you think stat mech exists? The principles are well understood, so why do they make these demonstrably false assumptions?

>>16863242
>you fuckers! i was promised 1348 petawatts of energy! now my auntie in Tokyo won't be able to make her favourite ocha in just 3 years!

Where can I find information on knots? I assume knotted rope must have some sort of mathematical analysis and databases documenting them behaviour and properties all I can find is surface level knot tying sites but they're such a crucial technology in a vast array of practical fields I figure there must be something?

>>16863929
>I assume knotted rope must have some sort of mathematical analysis and databases documenting them behaviour and properties
I think the Knot Atlas is the closest thing there is, although it remains far from completely comprehensive

>>16863960
This looks more like decorative knotwork.
I just assumed there had to be some topography mapping that described practical knots, I remember some I think MIT paper describing how twists affect knot strength but that's not much to go off. (.....pun)

>>16863929
>Where can I find information on knots?
e621

>>16863997
Do we still use yif in hell furfag?

>>16864001
don't think so

>>16863964
All you need is Ashley's bend, anything that you're not vastly overrated for should be done with a better line

>>16864018
>Ashley's bend
Pretty nice bend, mostly I'm interested in loops.
ashley's book I've found pretty useful I just thought there might be something more systematic.

If we have one single variable, it is easy to represent it in a different scale. If in 1 million people we know 60% are wearing red shirts and 40% are wearing yellow shirts, I could represent this with 100 people, 60 red, 40 yellow.

But if we add a variable, things change, say a group can be split between people wearing red shirts or yellow shirts, also split between those wearing blue pants or black pants. So each individual is either wearing red/blue, red/black, yellow/blue, or yellow/black.
Suppose these are the stats:
>60% red shirt, 40% yellow shirt
>30% blue pants, 70% black pants

How could I represent this as 100 people? Perhaps they are perfectly balanced, but perhaps everyone wearing blue pants is also wearing a yellow shirt, there is no way to know. What's the name for this in statistics? Is there a way to approximate and make a more sophisticated guest out of this?

>>16864061
bro, you are essentially describing Venn diagrams.

>>16863805
>stat mech
not statistical mechanics retard, he was talking higher level again

>>16864230
I know. The point I was trying to make is that simulating what he wants would require an enormous amount of work if it hasn't already been done. It would be easier and cheaper to actually test everything than to create and run that simulation.

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Can you actually solve this problem by using mathematical tools? Or is the only way to solve something like this a computer simulation of sorts?

If you needed to find the surface area of that soap film for let's say ten decimal places, how would you approach it?

>>16864375
You need to describe the surface area of the film as a function then minimize it. There's an entire branch of mathematics about that kind of problem. There are methods using calculus or brute force numerical methods depending on the nature of the function. For this problem there's enough basic geometry and symmetry there might be a closed form solution but it's not a 'simple' problem.

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How can I wrap my head around quantum gravity. Gravity is a non-linearity in space-time. It travels at the speed of light and has waves like photons. But it's easy to conceptualize photons as particle because particle scattering experiments release them. Right now, I think of quantum gravity as particles that each have a small distortion of space-time. So let's say two neutron stars merged into a black hole, there would a stronger gravity in many regions of that space and gravity particles would be released from that black hole and the increase in the gravity would be quantum ie it increases in discrete chunks.

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how come kids don't need body hair? i'm told the purpose of hair in the armpit and pubic region is there to allow airflow. why did i need that at twelve, but not at ten?

>>16864661
You can't understand something we don't have a working theory for. No one knows how it works. There's even a recent school of thought that maybe gravity isn't quantum at all which is why all attempts to quantize it have failed.

>>16864693
Less meat between the legs to get sweaty maybe?

>>16864779
i still had a dick. do men with small dicks have less hair? what about my armpits?

>>16864785
Body hair is related to DHT which is why women and children have less body hair. DHT is also what can cause premature balding in the head. That's also why you see these average looking bald hairy guys in the gym that can lift a lot of weight. I'm not sure the evolutionary explanation but it affects other primates too in that you can see premature balding in the head of gorillas due to the DHT.

>>16864375
PDEs with a boundary condition can be approximated well with numerical methods that a computer can do well since they can do matrix math well. You start with the boundary condition and the time independent differential equation from
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_surface

The first partial derivative can be approximated with [ u(x+h,y) - u(x,y) ]/h and [ u(x,y+h) - u(x,y) ]/h, while the second partial can be approximated with [ u(x+h,y) - 2u(x,y) + u(x-h,y) ]/h^2 and so on. The smaller the mesh size h (which means more points to solve for), the more accurate the approximation. You can plug the stuff into the differential equation so now it's been made into a discrete algebra equation. Applied to all points you're trying to approximate u(x,y) for, you now have a system of equations which you can plug in your boundary conditions into. If it were a linear system, you could turn this all into a matrix and use linear algebra to solve (approx) for the values of u(x,y) over all points in your mesh. In this case it isn't linear since the PDE is multiplying derivatives together.

Similar to how the first derivative for 1D calc can help you move along a curve, here you now use a newton-like method where you start out with a guess, then use a multidimensional "first derivative" - the Jacobian - related to the discretized PDE to move closer to a better approx, then iterate until the change in your successive approx gets as close to 0 as you want.

Compare to f(x) + f'(x)(dx) = 0 where you solve for the change dx then use f(x+dx) for your next step: let the residual vector of functions, R, be all of the discretized PDEs (you have one function for every point) where you move everything to one side. Evaluate R at your first guess of u(x,y) over all points, u1, and call this huge ass vector R1, and this is your 1st f(x). The f'(x) is the jacobian matrix for R1, and solve for the displacement vector D. Increase u1 by D and that's u2, then repeat until small D

>>16864917
After that, integrate your approximation for u(x,y) over the surface area element.

>>16863929
Knot theory. That’s a thing.

>>16864934
But does it deal with actual real world practical knots made for usable purposes or just pretty shapes?

>>16864071
Oh

99% of these questions could be asked to chat gpt and get a much better answer in less than 2 minutes

>>16864732
Let's say scientists were given unlimited resource to have a solar system sized particle accelerator or get teleported to a system where two neutron stars are about to merge. What would they be looking for in their experiments to validate quantum gravity?

i'm trying to isolate my door to limit heat loss. sticking aluminum foil all over it should prevent some heat loss because of some photons getting reflected, right? does the foil need to be the outermost layer or does it not matter?

>>16865308
true but GPT likes to make up things sometimes
not that humans don't do the same thing

>>16865334
Whether the graviton exists or not.

>>16865308
That's why this board and general has died.

>>16865340
If you're reflecting infrared, ideally there's nothing in front of the mirror absorbing that light, yes.

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What causes the animation to pause when θ^1 is replaced with θ^3? This question is posed rhetorically.

Ok call me a freak, this is a bit of a weird question.
In erotic fictional media of the incestuos persuasion there is the common statement of "we're related that's why we have such good chemistry, fit each other so well"
so is there any evidence of genitalia size for related individuals having more compatible sizes imply linked genes in both men and women.
maybe in anmals because the human data could be hard to come by.

>>16866629
Are you asking if your pee pee would be a nicer fit inside your hot first cousin?
They have found that people who look alike are more attracted to each other and your relatives tend look to like you because of similar genes. There is also something where if you grew up together you become less attracted in adulthood and it's icky to even come up with the thought of fucking the person you grew up with. They have found that when relatives live apart, and they are not aware they are related, they become super attracted to each other probably because they look alike.

>>16857238
Why would anyone want to lie to you about the physical properties of a planet?

>>16866685
Try telling that to the flat earthers.

>>16866646
I'm more asking if there's any evidence linking male and female genitalia size with say length vs depth genetically.
I figure there must be something but it's probably complex and I wouldn't know where to start to unravel it.

If the science said that Dr. anon's penis was most compatible with his close relative and that's why he couldn't stop loving her silly then who are we o argue with the holy science.

I figure there must be something about nerve sensitivity, if you are both naturally more or less sensitive you'd likely balance each other's actions better.

Why the hell is the battery symbol
>(+) |--i (-)
but batteries irl look like
>(+) i[///]| (-)
Why aren't | and i swapped?

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>>16856845
Does anybody here have a recommendation for a basic/intro psychology book that isn't some degenerate/Freudian/jew/leftist babble?

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Looking at this graph, what could you tell about y and x? What kind of dependency between them? Could we tell there's a correlation?

>>16856845
Does she make porn?

>>16865932
what are you animating? x^3 is very flat around x=0

>>16868304
>x^3 is very flat around x=0
Gemini is Google's AI assistant.
And it basically wrote the same thing.
Then I wished, that I had not posted the animation.

And then I wondered what the animation corresponding to θ^(1/3) looks like.

How do black holes grow if time stops at the event horizon?

sorry guys, i used to ask a lot of questions here but now i just ask chatgpt: immediate answers, follow-up questions etc. AI is really awesome.
i feel like a have chip in brain, i am so smart now.

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Mathematicians always call a number interesting if it has some rare mathematical property. The famous taxicab number for example.

What would be considered the most interesting number (integer) between one and a billion?

>>16868666
Surely it's 1, the number 1 has a massive amount of unique properties.