Ayo whaddup my fellow Earth niggers. Question?
>>219833592That's our word. You don't get to use that.
>>219833592He wouldn't use that word.
>>219833621He didn't use words generally.
>>219833592Grace want eridians help to fix earth by getting rid of naggers question?
>>219833592Permission to stick my human cock into your weird rocky hole thing
>>219833592i have returned
Is mayonnaise an instrument?
>>219833592You don't even have a face, deport yourself!
>>219833592fist my bump you fucking nigger
>>219833592Kino movie I liked it. Sad that a rock makes for a better side kick to a rock then a minority or a women.
>>219833592Why you give cars stupid names? Question.
>>219833592> A sentient rock is more charismatic than Gosling.
It's funny how both Goose and Rocky started fascinated with one another and there was never any real conflict. There's no forced drama, no sudden betrayal and climactic reconciliation.Instead it's just two dudes working together and coming to an understanding. Eventually their bond becomes so close that they're willing to sacrifice for one another. It's great stuff.
>>219833592Are you metamorphic, sedimentary, or igneous?
>>219834036When does the forced marketing for this dogshit movie end?
>>219834036Gosling should have attacked rocky and stole his fuel.But more seriously, I was surprised gosling agreed to take the fuel. It would add 6 years to Rocky's trip I'm not sure his planet has that much time considering earth couldn't even wait a few months
>>219834036It's about the power of friendship in a way that's actually sincere.
>>219833592>>219834036This movie would've been better if the alien attacked him.
>>219833592how did rocky understand the clock? there's 0 possiblity that his planet uses the same numbering system as we do
>>219834036>movie about male friendship (kinda)how many women are writing fanfics about them fucking
>>219834182This, it would be better if they only had one antidote and it was rocky or the goose. So they started fighting in their ships to save their species
>>219834238Counting system that loops.
remember when alien buddy cop movies were interesting and the alien was played by a man negro that got pregnant? too progressive for todays audiences that are trying to become more.. progressive? wait no time isnt a flat circle hold on
>>219834293Yuck
>>219834241Not as many as I half expected, honestly.I guess it's hard when one is literally made of stone with a questionable hole/mouth/cloaca.
>>219834293I'm going to say the n-word.
>>219834182The movie would have been better if they settled on the sexy female voice for Rocky.
>>219833592flies through space in your path
>>219833954amaze amaze amaze
>>219834036There was no conflict because both their planets were dying, nigga. Not exactly the best time to be starting intergalactic wars
I thought this movie was okay but I didn't see a single trailer for it and I just clicked on it on my pirate site because I was in the movie. I tried reading the book after I finished it and it's the third most reddit piece of text I've ever set eyes upon.
>>219833809nak pa khala
>>219834947That's the best time to start intergalactic wars ACTUALLY, you might not get a chance to kill more aliens and you need to get the most kills in to increase your species' kill score before the inevitable game over!
>>219834947but thats usually exactly the time when people start smashing eachothers heads in.if everyone is well fed, wealthy and happy, theres no reason to start fighting
>>219833592love this dude
>>219834120I guess you're just not meant to think too hard about it, although maybe they can say the environment on their planet will be less effected by the smaller heat reductions until they hit a tipping point that's further away
>>219835019And how exactly do you plan on killing a rock? Keep in mind that ship has no weapons and there are no weapons inside the ship.
>>219834947That's the best time to be the first to find the cure and start a galactic empire by selling it for a high price.
>>219835068Air? And it's not actually a rock. Our air kills it.
It was lucky that the science team got blown up, Rocky would've broke that buck and earth wouldn't have been saved.
>>219834120Rocky's planet conserves a lot more heat as it's bigger with a thicker atmosphere, they have about 70 years left in the book.
>>219834182>>219834245Slopbrains like you need to be euthanized.
>>219836220Rockys buddies didn't get blown up. They did from a radiation storm. I really didn't like how they handled that part in the movie it was just "lol they died idk" when the real reason is so much more interesting
>>219836308The human science team got blown up, the black man and the woman from the backup crew.
>>219836308no mate they did say the crew died from radiations and Rocky was spared because he was sleeping in a different part of the ship.
>>219836308why would radiation even affect rocks? what dumb ass plot point to kill rocky's crew too
>>219836556I thought they watched each other sleep
>>219836761He's like a lobster he has an exoskeleton
>>219836936I can only assume the people watching also got hit by the radiation.The weird thing is I don't think they ever say why the rest of the human crew died
>>219836936I don't remember exactly but I think the rule was not absolute, it's precisely because everybody else died in their sleep that Rocky now insists on him and Grace watching each other at all times.
>>219837057they don't say it in the movie (it's implied it was just bad luck) but in the book Grace has a special gene that makes him more resistant to artificial coma.
>>219836914We get it bro,>the movie is LE REDDIT. It's so so Reddit you're all Redditors if you like this film. Fucking rEdDit. You don't need to fucking tell us every thread. Some of us aren't retards who think Reddit is a pejorative term. You need to grow up and get the fuck over it already.
>>219834036If you like that sort of plot and want to see it written well and notnas reddit or infantile, watch Star Trek TNG.
>>219834036>There's no forced drama, no sudden betrayal and climactic reconciliationThis was so refreshing. The mandatory falling out is such a tired trope in these kinds of storie.s
>>219837063I thought it was like their culture like how they don't eat together because it's basically like us pooping
>>219837063Wasn't it because they sleep for much longer than humans, like when rocky was asleep grace thought he had died
if naggers do no work then why are you pay for their consumption habits question?
>>219837063>>219837582They watch each other sleep because Rocky's species becomes paralyzed when they sleep, they are more vulnerable than humans.
>>219837229I actually enjoying having sex, so I'm good. But thank you.
>>219834293This is a good movie, more people should watch it.
>seeing his trail of "blood" all the way to the airlock
>>219833592I'm gonna fist your bump
>>219838201>Also him breaking out of his protective shield and gets burned by the airI thought he's dead for sure, but he managed to live.
>>219838221The women in my theater made some horrendous noises when they heard that line.
>>219834293the book is gay sadly. he even delights in the alien being pregnant in a creepy way.
>>219834036sounds reddit
>>219838329How did the alien get pregnant? Isn't it male?
>>219837170who are you quoting?
>>219838357i cant remember. it makes sense when you read it. some old movie exec had an mpreg fetish and that is why this movie got made. unfortunately the movie was a favorite of mine when i was a kid.
>>219833621idk. the first step of learning a new language is knowing how to curse
>>219834971got filtered. The novel is better, even though it has some problems>>219838120This is correct. Stuff like this, along with the difficulties that happened aboard the ship, aren't in the movie. Felt very rushed. All of Grace's backstory could've been reduced to flashbacks. Didn't like the fact that Rocky was like a child, whereas he's more of an adult in the novel.
>>219838270What the fuck is that rock made out of that just fucking ignites when exposed to room temperature oxygen anyway
>>219838675Who knows if it's the oxygen. It could be the pressure, or bacteria or even carbon emitted from us exhaling.
Post yfw when Rocky is death process
>>219834036>I was your friend Grace
>>219838675>What the fuck is that rock made out of that just fucking ignites when exposed to room temperature oxygen anywayTheir body temperature is above 200 degrees C.
>>219838802>a body temperature is above 200 degrees Cthat would be extremely painful
>>219835019>>219835020>>219835096Lower-dimensional jews proving that they, once again, have to repeat the kalpic cycle because they just can't help themselves.Reflect on what you would want to do, what would be easiest to do, then do something else without dwelling on it. Anyone who lacks that kind of willpower (myself included) should not be sent into space.
>>219838675Pure elements like Cesium, Francium and Potassium catch fire when thrown into room temperature water. It takes more than just temperature to make something react.
>>219838270>>219838675That's another thing missing in the movie where Rocky's severely burned with soot all over when exposed to oxygen.
>>219838844>>219838844>>219838844>>219838844
>>219838201>>219838270>rocky's blood boiling through his skin into streams of black smoke
>>219838591The movie absolutely mentioned the paralyzed sleep thing
>>219838675180c temperature difference and 26 times less atmospheric pressure. He's boiling alive.
>>219834036The second death-fakeout when he goes back to find Rocky's ship felt a bit like forced drama. In fact that whole sequence could probably have been condensed down without him having to turn back. Like you could have made the same point 15 minutes earlier with them both together on the ship without losing much from the movie.
>>219833592>Question?no
>>219839682I agree with you on the tunnel fake out but I disagree on cutting out the turning back
>>2198340570/10 you're just butthurt
>>219834182>>219834245>>219834364The movie would had been Rocky if they had fought 12 rounds and the alien didn't win, but held out long enough to show he could go the distance.
If Tau Ceti is 11.4 light years away how do any of the time scales in the movie make sense? Or is it just soft-sci fi handwaved?
>>219840223Gosling refused to put on the old person makeup, he ages in the book.
I'm teaching rocky how to say nigger
>>219833592>>219834036>>219838675>>219834057All of these threads completely missed this scene in the filmMeanwhile, the main character is on a distant planet "teaching" animated golems. What a good little unmarried manchild goy.I can't believe you morons are actively discussing this horrendous CGI infested propaganda.
A fishtank thread was down bumped because if this thread. The janitors will be alerted of this off topic thread.
>>219839229But it is in the movie.
>>219833592>Ayo whaddup my fellow Earth niggersI can't wait for the negro culture influence to come to an end.
>>219840223Time dilation, it checks out.
>>219840268Gosling is only in the sleep chamber for a few years, the people on earth age much more though
>>219840297>Grace eventually goes back to Earth thanks to his rocky fren>is literally the saviour of the world>drowns in pussy for the rest of his lifedon't see the problem
WOKE SLOPSHALL NOT WATCH
>>219840446You realize this doesn't really happen in the movie and the anon is shitposting right? Right...?
>>219841064you realize the anon is referring to OPs choice of verbiage right? Right...?
>>219841133Who was shitposting, as pointed out as obviously pointed out. You people complain about niggers but you have the reading comprehension of one.
>>219840268>>219840641OK but even if they were travelling at lightspeed then that's a minimum 20 year round trip? Plus however long they spent there. Did they explain how fast the ship could travel? I assumed fast but not 100% lightspeed.Also isn't the possibility that the astrophage has a natural predator something they could just have figured out on Earth? And then genetically engineered an organism to do the same thing as the Adrian predator? I get that obviously the movie has to happen but it feels worth a throwaway line somewhere - something like 'our best geneticists couldn't have engineered something like this in a thousand years'.
>>219841549It took Hail Mary about 4 years ship-board time to get to Tau Ceti so the ship moved very close to light speed.
>>219834036If I was gun to the head forced to do a sequel, I would set it 100 years after the events of the movie, Goose having satisfactorily and happily lived his life on Erid, and Rocky being chosen to head a first contact mission to Earth.It would turn into Escape of the Planet of the Apes, where Rocky (and his wife) become celebrities on Earth, except there is no heel turn where they fight at the end. They solve some problem together, and Rocky and his wife go home. Rocky's children have grown up, and it is only a few years in a several hundred year lifespan, so it is not a big deal for Rocky to leave again.
>>219841624But Tau Ceti is 12 light years away? You're thinking of Alpha Centauri being 4 light years away.
>>219841637>first contactAnd you know what I mean when I said that. Not literally first contact, but first visit.
>>219841659You don't understand time dilation
>>21984165912 years passed on earth, 4 years passed on the ship.
>>219837229Why not OG Trek?
>>219834036This but unironically.
>>219833592he cute
>>219841659The closer to lightspeed you travel, the slower time flows for you. If you travelled at exactly lightspeed, you would feel any distance go by instantly.
>>219841737>>219841750>>219841924OK I get it. So the epilogue is set roughly 24 years in the Earth future?
>>219841951Correct.
>>219840223>>219841549>>219841659>posts from Eridian /tv/
How was Gosling able to just walk around on Rocky's planet? That shit was stated to have twice Earth's gravity in the book
>>219833592rocky finds japanese mate. happy happy happy
>>219837057They do mention it. The pilot and engineer commit suicide by heroin because their job is done and staying alive would just take food and water away from Gosling.
>>219842277MOOOODS
>>219842207In my defence nowhere in the movie does it explicitly say they can travel at lightspeed - just that the astrophage engines go 'fast'. Also I'm still not sure it would be four years internally on the ship if they were actually going lightspeed. And even if they were wouldn't it be easier to just have the crew stay awake all that time rather than risk the whole coma thing?
>>219842295No, that is how they would die after their mission and food was over. They basically removed the plot in the movie but in the book you need to have a 1 in 7000 odds gene that makes long term hibernation even possible. The other two just died because they couldn't handle the hibernation. That is also why Grace is given such an important role, because they knew he had this gene as well and made sure he was a back up against his own knowledge. He wasn't picked just because he was more competent and more intelligent than anybody else. He was just good enough and had the gene they needed.
>>219836914>FUN MOVIES ARE REDDIT>SPACE IS REDDIT>SCIFI IS REDDIT>ROCKS ARE REDDIT
>>219842379Mass cannot travel at light speed, the ship accelerates continuously and as it gets faster time slows down. Due to relativity you could get to any known point in the universe within your life assuming you have a craft with enough fuel.
I quite liked the movie right up to the point one of the little rock children made the stock dolphin squealing noiseturned the movie off right after that desu
>>219833592>when you got to be an interstellar AAA because your dumbass bestie doesn't get this thing called "radiation"
Why is Vinny vinesauce speaking to a rock in space?
>>219840297I recently found out that the karaoke scene isn't in the book (which isn't surprising) and the only reason it's in the movie is they found out the actress could sing so they were like "DUDE WE SHOULD HAVE HER SING IN THE MOVIE!!!"nuke hollywood
>>219840297>interacial couple gets vaporized and sent directly to hellDidnt expect this twist
>>219840297>CGI infestedif you'd actually seen the film you'd know it has very minimal cgi
>>219842570>making me listen to a woman singing for 46 seconds? We shan't have that. *starts the fourth Reich*
>>219842409If it's not in the movie, it doesn't exist.
>>219842295nope he still has the heroin later on
>>219842685They still died during hibernation in the movie, not from shooting up lethal doses of heroin or some shit
>>219842714No. Rewatch the movie. The engineer broad says she's going to commit suicide shooting up heroin.
>>219842777You retarded shitskin, the intent was they would do that AFTER the had completed the mission and their food had ran out. That didn't happen because their died on their way there while in artificially induced hibernation.
>>219834120They talked about it more in the book IIRC
>>219842777Once the mission was complete dude.
>>219838357It's a genderless race that reproduces asexually and every once in a while they just get randomly pregnant
>>219842945wow, that was uncalled for
>>219843586so was your stupidity
>>219834120>It would add 6 years to Rocky's tripNo it wouldn't. At least not in the book because the rocky scientists miscalculated and brought too much fuel.
>>219841737I'm not trans, I don't need to dilate you retarded nigger
>>219837086They all had that gene in the book, it was just bad luck that the other two died because the gene just made you resistant not immune.
>>219841637>(and his wife)Erm, I think you mean his HUSBAND chud!
>>219844106akshually, eridians are hermaphrodites
>>219844155And yet the mate's name is Adrian, thus husband. Checkmate chud!
>>219844626>Adrianthat's just how grace translated the sound rocky made
>>219844897He could have easily have chosen Alice or Abbey, after all, male/female couplings are the standard on Earth. But no. He deliberately made Rocky gay. Therefore, husband.
Goose was good in the movie.>>219834120>It would add 6 years to Rocky's trip I'm not sure his planet has that much time considering earth couldn't even wait a few monthsTheir planet is considerably hotter than ours. Maybe the highly pressurized atmosphere does a better job retaining the heat as well.6 years is also less of a big deal to Rocky since his life span is several hundred. He floated around in space with zero interaction from others for years before bumping into Grace, I'm guessing they're a patient species.>>219843928Just read that fuel part about 5 min ago.The movie didn't mention why he had "extra fuel". They didn't want to open the can of worms of explaining time dilation to the audience and how Eridians didn't know it, so they just said he would spare some of the fuel he had for his return journey, implying he didn't have "extra", just that he was willing to sacrifice the fuel that would make his trip shorter (by additional acceleration) so Grace could get home.It was a pretty selfless act in the movie, though again: 6 years is less of a big deal to him than it is to us.
>>219844626Retard
something I liked in this movie was a portrayal of aliens that understand empathy and value sacrifice. hollywood is usually obsessed with intelligent aliens being sociopathic and seeing empathy as illogical or bad.
>>219839628>The novel is better, even though it has some problems>some problemsI am not the type to throw around "reddit" loosely, but that other anon is right: it is painfully reddit. It also has useless filler like the Canadian showing up to talk about how cool the Beatles are.The movie streamlined shit that is absurd, like Grace figuring out he was not on Earth by stopping to run an experiment about the speed of gravity. Instead he just looks out a window, which is a good visual spectacle for a movie and stops you from reading 3 pages of calculations. Do the calculations show you how smart Grace is? Yes, but know what else does? The next 100 pages of shit before meeting Rocky. We get it. Andy Weir is a bad writer, but he does come up with good plots.The movie was better. It's rare, but it happens.>>219838270>I thought he's dead for sure, but he managed to live.It would be a pretty bleak thing to say "We discovered alien life, but they're all dead now." He kinda had to make it out alive and save his planet once he showed up.
>>219845664That's stupid, why would a woman have a man's name?
there are paid posters in this threadthey get paid to make abhorrent posts look, it will reply to me
>>219845844He had 4 probes - reprogram 2 of them to go to Rocky's planet, problem solved.
Just saw this, it was good straight up abducting him when he said no is pretty fucked. I'd rather stay with the rock folks at that point even if I did become the rockstar that saved the world They said the astrophage infected nearly every star right? Is every other living thing aside from the rocks and humans just fucked then? Could we assume there were more ayys that checked out Tau Ceti but just didn't meet?
>>219846178>two probes land near Eridian aliens loaded with a USB stick of .mp4s and .docs detailing how to make astrophage's predator, in English>"What the fuck is this?">dieThat's a job well done, anon.
>>219846236Is it a smart move for humanity to seed the stars with a thing that eats astrophage?
>>219833592Okay Regolith
>>219846372Ecological balancing is the best choice they have.It's a very political solution to the astrophage, green propaganda film.
>>219833592
>>219846372It'd help but with how vast the galaxy is there simply isn't enough time left to go around and seed even 1/1000th of the infected stars
>>219842245This actually confused me a lot. I always figured the biodome was in orbit and spinning to generate gravity, but I've yet to finish the book.
>>219846236Book states life could actually be quite common, in part thanks to the astrophage, but it doesn't even talk about the other infected stars or how fucked they are.
>>219846236in the book, rocky and grace wonder why they their both civilisations just happen to have similar tech levels. They speculate that in order for them to meet in the tau ceti system, their species have to be advanced enough to build rocket ships, yet not advanced enough to handle astrophage.So if their theory is correct, all other potential civilisations are either fucked, or they have the tech to easily fix the astrophage problem.
>>219842543is there AI voice vinny yet?
>>219842245According to the book, he is suffering due to the effects of the gravity, needing a walking stick to get around at the age of 50.
>>219846500It is an ideal condition to create a golden age of interstellar civilization. There is a threat too great to ignore, so interspecies cooperation is incentivized. Curing the astrophage would be a millennia long project.(I don't know if Andy Weir did a sequel exploring that premise or not)
>>219846500>isn't enough timeJust let it infect the entire galaxy?
>>219840297That's cause I skipped/mentally blocked out all the scenes that didn't have to do with the Goose or the rock.
Stratt did nothing wrong!
>>219846560his heart shouldn't be functioning at all.
>>2198466692g isn't that back. Trained humans can survive in 10g for a short period of time
>>219846669I don't know enough about long-term effects of double gravity on human health to comment, but astronauts and pilots pull greater g for short bursts without dying. Either way, the book showed it was affecting him. Maybe he takes short break in his orbiting spacecraft to stretch out his spine agin?
>>219843632you being a rude incel is not my fault
>>219846770>>219846853>short period of time>short burststhat's the thing. his heart has to give twice the effort, even at rest, every second of every day for months. he would drop dead after two weeks max.
>>219846944Maybe he has low blood pressure.
>>219833592>reddit rock
>>219842245Take the opportunity to train like Vegeta, speak to Rocky's species about steroids etc to boost your bone density to cope, maybe anti-aging drugs they can come up with. Come back to earth basically a superman.
>>219846633>a person's consent is violated>Earth is savedWhat did the entertainment world mean by this?
>>219846990that doesn't change the fact that the blood is twice heavier.mass increase with volume at power 3. blood pressure is mainly related to artery flow which increase with the area of a section at power 2.so even if he had arteries twice as wide as normal that wouldn't be enough.
>>219833592My dad got one of these.
>>219846854not beating the charges kek
I wouldn't save Earth cuz I'm an incel but I would save the Eridians because they seem nice
>>219842570Its a good scene though
>>219841737Not this shit again
>>219833592>Greeting niggers, fist my bump!>Why are all of you inhabitants of Earth so easily offended by a verbal callsign? Did I say something incorrectly?>I do not understand. Grace called key individuals by that term on the spaceship all the time. >If it makes you so sickly receiving the identifier, there's plenty of others that I can assign from observing High School Teacher Grace>Mooncricket, Beaner, Wop, Chink, Zipperhead, Foid, Manlet, Gook, Shitskin, Dunecoon, Spic, but if you have other preferential or local terms, I can refer to those as well.
>>219847730Fuck off back to your containment board
>>219846944The Eridians have a space elevator. Maybe he goes up there sometimes
I haven't seen Project Holy REDDIT. It's muh heckin holy science awful tier. It's so Reddit for low IQ people. Millenial writing onions dribble. A blight on actual cinema. The people who love this are castrated basedboys who love local barcades and make having a beard their personality. It's also woke slop dribble.
>>219842570The book is terrible. Weir is a godawful onions bugman engineer with no internal life, it's amazing that the movie managed to adapt his work into something this decent
>>219834036unironically this. every modern space scifi is always some disguised politic/drama slop
>>219833621Yeah. Ain't none of thems around here in the future, bruh
Are there black Eridians?
>thought /tv/ was memeing>movie is indeed reddit as fuck and more childish than all other space moviesthis is almost capeshit tier
>>219834036Each planet sent their most powerful autist.>>219841637I think a better ending would have been if they both had to fire off probes to their respective home planets and had to resign themselves to sacrificing their lives, but at least taking comfort in not having to die alone. And then the ship starts picking up more and more blips as dozens of other alien species start arriving to figure out what the fuck is going on. Would have made the original ending a bit less depressing since every other star besides Tau Ceti, Sol, and the Erid star would be consumed.
>>219834036And their bond took on a sexual element post credits
>>219848081not really
>>219848150what board is that?
>>219833592is grace going to flirt with one of his rock students and impregnate xer?
>>219848008Pretty sure women love men who save the world.
>>219846236>Is every other living thing aside from the rocks and humans just fuckedSaving nearby stars could be a relatively simple matter of sending probes loaded with Taumoeba to them.Though a problem is the movie doesn't really touch on or explain how the astrophage spreads from star to star, and how fast it does so. It could be that it spreads deeper and deeper into space faster than anyone can send the cure after it. In which case *most* of the galaxy/universe could still be fucked
>>219845661>and how Eridians didn't know itthere's literally a line in the movie where Goose says "they didn't know about relativity"
>>219841637I really can't see any sequel being good. Just make a nature style documentary on erid ecology>>219855358I don't think the stars are consumed, they reach equilibrium, maybe.But that is an interesting idea, they start missions to spread the cure if they find life in the systems.
>>219834057CONTRARIAN FRIENDLESS LOSER FAGGOTS ETERNALLY BTFO
They should sell rocky dolls, toys, plushies and more. It's unavoidable that some pervert is gonna fuck it in the eating hole or the radiator vents on top but so be it
>>219848123Redo highschool physics
>>219857597I don't remember that. I only remember them focusing on Eridians not understanding radiation in the movie. In the book, they focus on that time dilation almost as much as the radiation.If that's true, then to still make "extra fuel" make sense: he could have had more than enough for his trip (since he left not knowing about time dilation), but sacrificing what Goose needed meant his previously-"extra" was now gone to the Hail Mary, in addition to some of his "necessary" needed to bring him up to/slow him down from near-light speed. Less fuel > not as close to light speed > journey home takes 6 more years than journey out.Unless I'm wrong?I'm about to finish the book right now and it's kind of exhausting. There are too many problems that keep popping up, like needing to steal fuel from the beetles. The movie truly streamlined the story in a good way.
>>219845868In America, Adrian is a unisexual name. They're dumb, they also think Vanya is a female name.
>>219858495In ameica they also chop their cocks offThey are that retarded.Not exactly a barometer to base your life around
>>219858495American here, I've never heard of a woman named Adrian. There is a women's variant of it though
>>219858771>I've never heard of a woman named Adrian.Never seen Rocky?
>>219858816The one in Rocky in named Adriana, the women's variant I pointed to. Not Adrian.
