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Users of all levels are welcome to ask questions about GNU/Linux and share experiences.

*** Please be civil, notice the "Friendly" in every Friendly GNU/Linux Thread ***

Before asking for help, please check our list of resources.

If you would like to try out GNU/Linux you can do one of the following:
0) Install a GNU/Linux distribution of your choice in a Virtual Machine.
1) Install a GNU/Linux distribution of your choice on bare metal and run your previous OS in a Virtual Machine.
2) Use a live image and to boot directly into the GNU/Linux distribution without installing anything.
3) Go balls deep and replace everything with GNU/Linux.

Resources: Please spend at least a minute to check a web search engine with your question.
Many free software projects have active mailing lists.


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>>
>>107544821
>For that to happen all timestamps in the .tar have to be the same.
If it wasn't clear what I meant by that: I'm saying they have to have the same set of timestamps on all the files in the tarball, same user who created them, same tar and zstd version. E.g., for "aalib-1.4rc5-18-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst". A related topic is TorrentZip / trrntzip. That topic is: deterministically creating .tar or .tar.zst from a set of files. TorrentZip creates deterministic .zip files given one or more files as input; doesn't matter what OS or version of whatever you're using.

As >>107544794 said
>mirrors get their packages from syncing from another tier 1 or 2 mirror, etc
So only like one individual/team creates the .pkg.tar.zst - not multiple different computers creating the .tar.zst which usually means different .tar.zst as everyone has different file timestamps unless trying to make it the same.

>>107544839
>Most software
Huh, didn't know that.

>>107544846
>Check the checksum or verify the packages signature, that's what you actually care about.
True. That's what I was getting at by "determinism".
>>
>>107544881
>For example, say there was a problem with a package. It would be completely valid to replace that package with a new problem-free version and to do it without bumping the package version (they wouldn't do that, they would of course bump the version but as long as the signature and checksums match then you know that it has come from Arch infrastructure)
I find this to be confusing. Oh, a problem package would be one which doesn't match to the checksum or .sig. No need to change the version as it's non-bit-identical one replaced with the correct bit-identical one.

>they wouldn't do that, they would of course bump the version
Also no really understanding this part.

>>107544903
>only like one individual/team creates the .pkg.tar.zst - not multiple different computers creating the .tar.zst which usually means different .tar.zst as everyone has different file timestamps
Necessarily the case, otherwise package.1.2.3.pkg.tar.zst.sig wouldn't verify in all mirrors.
>>
>>107544976
I mean a problem as in a bug with application that requires a re-build of the package to happen. They could in theory do that without bumping the version number so your locally downloaded version is no longer the same as what's on the mirrors.

They would never do this, but hypothetically they could. The important thing is the checksums and signature matching, not what's in the files. It's the checksum and signature that tells you that the package you have downloaded in some way, shape or form originated from Archlinux infrastructure.
>>
>>107544998
Now I understand.

>The important thing is the checksums and signature matching, not what's in the files.
A checksum like CRC32 or a hash (also referred to as a checksum I think) like SHA256 is based on the exact series of binary that the file is made of, so that part does matter for "what's in the files". Any change to the data at all = different hash. So if a .tar has the same files as another .tar but different timestamp(s) on the files in the .tar = different hash.

You probably already knew this.

Being honest with you, I don't currently know how to manually verify "abseil-cpp-20250512.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst.sig" to the corresponding .pkg.tar.zst file. Does it contain a SHA2 hash and/or a GPG thing which tells me I got it from a good source?
>>
>>107545063
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman/Package_signing

Pacman uses GPG so I think you'd do something like this if you wanted to manually verify it:
gpg --verify "abseil-cpp-20250512.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst.sig"


GPG then reads the signature file and will tell you if it matches.
For example:
$ wget https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/a/abseil-cpp/abseil-cpp-20250512.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst{,.sig}
$ gpg --verify abseil-cpp-20250512.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst.sig
gpg: assuming signed data in 'abseil-cpp-20250512.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst'
gpg: Signature made Tue 17 Jun 2025 16:30:48 UTC
gpg: using RSA key F00B96D15228013FFC9C9D0393B11DAA4C197E3D
gpg: Can't check signature: No public key


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You are NOT allowed to create Gnome extensions with AI.

https://www.phoronix.com/news/GNOME-Extensions-Block-AI

Due to the growing number of GNOME Shell extensions looking to appear on extensions.gnome.org that were generated using AI, it's now prohibited. The new rule in their guidelines note that AI-generated code will be explicitly rejected:

"Extensions must not be AI-generated

While it is not prohibited to use AI as a learning aid or a development tool (i.e. code completions), extension developers should be able to justify and explain the code they submit, within reason.

Submissions with large amounts of unnecessary code, inconsistent code style, imaginary API usage, comments serving as LLM prompts, or other indications of AI-generated output will be rejected."
>>
Do people really want extensions with LLM-hallucinated code?

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WASM edition.

>Free beginner resources to get started with HTML, CSS and JS
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn - MDN is your best friend for fundamentals
https://web.dev/learn/ - Guides by Google, you can also learn concepts like Accessibility, Responsive Design etc
https://eloquentjavascript.net/Eloquent_JavaScript.pdf - A modern introduction to JavaScript
https://javascript.info/ - Quite a good JS tutorial
https://flukeout.github.io/ - Learn CSS selectors in no time
https://flexboxfroggy.com/ and https://cssgridgarden.com/ - Learn flex and grid in CSS

>Resources for backend languages
https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/introduction-to-nodejs - An intro to Node.js
https://www.phptutorial.net - A PHP tutorial
https://dev.java/learn/ - A Java tutorial
https://rentry.org/htbby - Links for Python and Go

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>>
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>>107544934
>he doesn't bloatMAXX
>thinks he's big
NGMI
>>
>>107544946
Post physique.
>>
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>>107544948
My site is BVILT with SOVL not troongoop, you post your generic slop if you can afford to
>>
you guys make me miss the days when /wdg/ was dead
>>
>>107545081
>NOOOOO STOP MENTIONING HOW TROONWIND IS INFECTING WEBDEV AND LLMS GOYIM WE HAVE TO CONTROL THE NARRATIVE

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>>
>>107544676
Slow as shit
Telemetry shit
AI shit
Cloud shit
>>
>>107544723
Yeah, still best desktop environment there is in comparison to really anything commercial or non-commercial.
>>
>>107544676
Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC
just werks
>>
>>107545021
you are cucking yourself using 10 ltsc if youre on higher end hardware
>>
>>107545032
Nah. He can simply install all the drivers he needs.

flash was great

https://web.archive.org/web/20061021183729/http://www.myharddrivedied.com/v25.swf
>>
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>>107544649
What do you mean? It still is.
>>
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I didn't know this
>>
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>>107545035
Still rare tech but you see it in some high end high capacity datacenter HDDs. Also, MO drives worked basically the same way.

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Is there a way to directly connect to each other without using internet service providers?
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>>
>>107542795
Try Meshcore or Meshtastic LoRa. It's actually nice for text messages on minimal power.

But it's not a replacement for 10 to 100Gbit per fiber on your ISP.
>>
Bluetooth.
I wish there was an app like what Nintendo did with PictoChat, like a series of chat rooms but offline only and only for those in close proximity.
>>
>>107544974
You can use Briar over BT but I don't see why that would ever have larger appeal as BT transceivers really are very short-ranged in practice. In almost all situations you're basically more or less in speaking distance anyhow.

Meshcore makes a lot more sense.
>>
>>107542795
Direct dial modem. Startech still sells all the hardware you need to create your own old school BBS or UUCP network. Even your own personal (quasilegal) dialup ISP if you get creative.
>>
>>107543516
meshtastic

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What are you working on, /g/?

Previous thread: >>107494927
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>>
>>107544269
Was meant for >>107544201
>>
>>107542891
You know what, uefi is niggerware. I'm done with that shit. Should've never went with it.
>>
>>107544252
>https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL980gcR1LE3L_RdprUI2GkbyZPY998lLT
nice pick, I really like sphaerophoria. his WM playlist is p good as well [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPw73HPEZA0&list=PL980gcR1LE3LIo4XuxUi7x616jUdf5o7H]
>>
Langdev, functions edition
>>
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>>107544730
I'm at the stage where I should compiled basic expression to bytecode. But the code generator needs to make decision based on types (need to insert zero-extending and sign-extending instructions for example) and I'm procrastinating on some aspects of the design of the type system.

Wether to have union types like in C if the sum types are going to allow you to choose the exact data represention.
Structs vs tuples, what syntax should they have. Wether (value, value) constructs a tuple or is a comma expression.
Wehter to have anonymous sum types like in Hare.
Should arrays, structs, union and/or sum types be copied when assigned to, or passed by values when making a function call by default? Knowing that you will have the possibility to take and pass references.

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>>
RIP murica >>107543802
>>
>go to work
>hey anon can you make the thing no one understands or comprehends work?
>y-yes sir
>spend 8 hours a day banging my head against the wall
>dread going to work every day, spirals of feeling worthless and hopeless, dreams of going into farming, suicidal ideation
>sudden breakthough
>1 week of glorious progress where I get to write code and go into the flow state and love my life
>hey anon good work, can you make this other thing no one understands or comprehends work?
>>
>>107544613
You can just get a job at a place that doesn't have a photocopier and gen z workers, you know.
>>
>>107525617
I'll just answer your question. Max 2 years.
>>
>>107544613
That's good shit though. You take on things no one else can solve and defying your own expectations. That's how you become a specialist which lets you demand way more money.

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What is the definitive game controller?
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>>
>>107532510
Depends on the D-Pad. If it’s a pile of shit like the Decks then fuck this gay shit
>>
>>107544350
>>107544303
yeah i did a usb c mod on mine as well, note that it does prevent you from connecting it to a ps4 again, learned this the hard way. (you might be able to connect it with bluetooth but you wont be able to turn it on through the wired connection) Otherwise it does work great
>>
>>107544595
>note that it does prevent you from connecting it to a ps4 again
You can do a 1:1 USB 2.0 based USB-C conversion, using the data pins too. The micro soldering drove me up the wall since I had shit tools at the time too, just moved.
>>
>>107525250
The steam controller 2026
>>
>>107525996
Yes a cable. Why would you want to add any input latency? Are you dumb?

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ATX edition

previous: >>107457881

READ THE (temp)WIKI! & help by contributing:
https://igwiki.lyci.de/wiki/Home_server

/hsg/ is about learning and expanding your horizons. Know all about NAS? Learn virtualization. Spun up some VMs? Learn about networking by standing up a OPNsense/PFsense box and configuring some VLANs. There's always more to learn and chances to grow. Think you’re god-tier already? Setup OpenStack and report back.

>What software should I run?
Install Gentoo. Or whatever flavor of *nix is best for the job or most comfy for you. Jellyfin/Emby/Plex to replace Netflix, Nextcloud to replace Googlel, Ampache/Navidrome to replace Spotify, the list goes on. Look at the awesome self-hosted list and ask.

>Why should I have a home server?
De-botnet your life. Learn something new. Serving applications to yourself, your family, and your frens feels good. Put your tech skills to good use for yourself and those close to you. Store their data with proper availability redundancy and backups and serve it back to them with a /comfy/ easy to use interface.


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>>
>>107544940
you could probably get away with a normaly closed switch and wire it to the reset contacts on the motherboard. so if it gets released it connects the two contacts.
>>
>>107544992
>>107544960
I was thinking more like a zigbee hall sensor and a relay that I automate with home assistant but yeah, those would be better.
>>
>>107542287
Fuck, I just migrated my password vault to my Pi, now I'm scared
>>
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>>107545020
Sure we're just spitballing here
My idea:
>>
>>107545052
Good stuff man, I liked the ideas. But that setup also probably looks more immediately related. Like you wouldn't want the sensor at the door go to the rack. But if everything is in software, that logic might not survive a reboot.

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FAQ:
>How do I activate Windows?
HWID2 generates and registers a permanent legitimate license on MS's activation servers
github.com/massgravel/Microsoft-Activation-Scripts
Usage: paste this into Powershell, run.
irm https://get.activated.win | iex

>and Office?
Same link, select Ohook option
You can also use Office.com if your needs are very minimal
or try OnlyOffice/LibreOffice and set it to save in MSOffice file formats

>What version should I install?
>W10 Enterprise IoT LTSC 2021
Binary identical to Enterprise except no MS Store or apps
Preinstalled with: Edge & Win32 system apps

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>>
>>107544404
Not the feature. The other part. It's patched
>>
Why is ltsc recommended over enterprise? If I use shutup10 and then disable automatic updates and telemetry via gpedit would that make the later completely private?
>>
>>107544529
Because of the extra long EoL for monthly updates and how it doesn't come with any third or first party UWPs besides system ones. Though normal Enterprise 10 now has ESU which allows updates until October 2028 now, so LTSC 10 is less of a straight use case now.
>>
>>107544550
>besides system ones
Wait which system ones?
>>
>>107545028
Shit like Settings

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>every file accessible from every device
>no longer have to deal with transferring or syncing files

Why haven't you built a NAS yet?

I was in a hotel recently and felt an immense feeling of power having access to my whole porn collection from my phone. You could be feeling it too.
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>>
>>107544465
>Buy storage for the PC
Just use the drives you're using now. Not like you'll be needing them.
>do port forwarding (i assume)....
Tailscale nigga
>>
I'm a nocoder and I've set up some basic ssh servers in the past and dealing with keys, port forwarding, dynamic IPs, CGNAT and shit like this is so tiresome. I assume setting up a NAS is an order of magnitude more difficult
>>
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>>107544047
Well I'm in the hospital right now and I'm kicking myself for not having built a nas by now
>>
>>107544991
What did you do? Break your dick or something?
>>
>>107544211
Electricity too expensive in Germany for old full ATX PC
>>107544724
yeah, bit daunting
>>107545013
Cancer unironically. So not getting out any time soon either... I will get an ebook reader for books and steam deck for games probably. No movies though and Netflix only has shit.

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VU Edition

How to request advice:
>Budget
>Intended use (media, source, environment)
>Frequency response preference and music examples
>Past gear and your thoughts on them

FAQ:
>Where do I buy IEMs?
Amazon, Aliexpress, Linsoul, Hifigo, Shenzhenaudio

>Shopping Guide (IEMs, PMPs, Cables, Ear Tips, etc.):
https://rentry.org/consoomer_guide


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>>
>>107544121
are they really that good?
>>
>>107544131
One of my personal favorites, but I also found the Hype 4 to be rather underwhelming. I think most people will prefer the Hype 4 but I find the bass and treble do be of better proportions and quality on the Bunny.
>>
>>107544152
do you EQ at all?
>>
>>107544195
For what I just said, no.
I EQ both of them but they're minor changes, I can enjoy them as is.
>>
>>107543075
Got headphones, how do I grow my hair back?

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Thank you LEDs
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>>
>>107542869
He's too busy looting the government for his billionaire friends.
>>
>>107543487
Wrong, you just need polarizing shielding
>>
>>107544551
removing niggers can produce a 100% drop in crime at night
>>
Nighttime street lights are a total waste and should be outright banned. Imagine having to illuminate the whole city when no one is around, that’s pure dystopia and madness
>>
>>107543689
>>107542907
so this is what third world looks like? lol

Which one?
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>>
>>107542368
>Laptops are for WORK
nah
>>
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rollable screens will change the game
>>
>>107541714
Based and perfectpilled
1:1 best
>>
>>107541410
>trackpad off to one side
>to the left at that
none of the above.
>>
Using a 13" iPad Pro made me remember just how much I miss 4:3 being the norm. God just fucking put macOS on it already you fucking morons. No one is going to die.


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